F. O. C. Darley

F. O. C. Darley
F. O. C. Darley
Born	Felix Octavius Carr Darley; June 23, 1822; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Died	March 27, 1888 (aged 65); Claymont, Delaware
Nationality	American
Known for	Illustration, painting

Felix Octavius Carr ("F. O. C.") Darley (June 23, 1822 – March 27, 1888) was an American illustrator, known for his illustrations in works by well-known 19th-century authors, including James Fenimore Cooper, Charles Dickens, Mary Mapes Dodge, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Washington Irving, George Lippard, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Donald Grant Mitchell, Clement Clarke Moore, Francis Parkman, Harriet Beecher Stowe and Nathaniel Parker Willis.[1]

Life and work

Darley was born on June 23, 1822, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[2] He was a self-taught and prolific artist who started out as a staff artist for a Philadelphia publishing company where he was given a wide variety of assignments.

Mrs. F. O. C. Darley

After he moved to New York, his work began to appear in magazines such as Harper's Weekly and in books by various publishers. Darley made 500 drawings for Lossing's History of the United States. Among his lithographic illustrations are those for Irving's "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow", and some scenes in Indian life. The swing and vigor of his style, his facility, and versatility and the high average merit of his numerous works, make him one of the most noteworthy of American illustrators.

Grave of F. O. C. Darley at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts

Darley signed a contract with Edgar Allan Poe on January 31, 1843, to create original illustrations for his upcoming literary journal The Stylus.[3] The contract, which was through July 1, 1844, requested at least three illustrations per month, "on wood or paper as required," but no more than five, for $7 per illustration.[4] The Stylus was never actually produced but Darley provided illustrations for the final installments of the first serial publication of Poe's award-winning tale "The Gold-Bug" later that year.[5]

In 1848, Darley provided the drawings for the first fully illustrated edition of Irving's "Rip Van Winkle",[6] which was printed and distributed by the American Art-Union.[7] That same year, Darley also illustrated an edition of Irving's The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. and then his Wolfert's Roost in 1855.[7] Over his career, he produced nearly 350 drawings for James Fenimore Cooper, later collected in a several-volume edition of Cooper's novels printed from 1859 to 1861.[7] In 1868 he published, after a visit to Europe, Sketches Abroad with Pen and Pencil. His water color paintings of incidents in American history are full of spirit and his bank-note vignettes are also worthy of mention. In 1851, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary member, and became a full Academician in 1852.

John Neal Hoover has written a scholarly article on Darley with a section on further reading.[8]

Darley married Genny G. Colburn in 1859. Darley died in 1888 at his home in Claymont, Delaware, and is buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His Victorian mansion, located in Claymont, is now known as the Darley House and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Illustrations

Frontispiece for Washington Irving's Diedrich Knickerbocker's A History of New-York
Darley illustration from an 1862 print of A Visit From Saint Nicholas, by Clement Clarke Moore
Illustration for Irving's "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
On The Trail Walters Art Museum Collection
Sherman's March to the Sea Library of Congress Collection

References

Notes

Pitz, Henry C. (1968). The Brandywine Tradition. Weathervane Books. p. 31. ISBN 0-517-16431-0.
Pitz, Henry C. (1968). The Brandywine Tradition. Weathervane Books. p. 22. ISBN 0-517-16431-0.
Allen, Hervey. Israfel: The Life and Times of Edgar Allan Poe. New York: Farrar & Rinehart, Inc., 1934: 224.
"F. O. C. Darley Society online". Archived from the original on 2006-05-21. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
Quinn, Arthur Hobson. Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998: 338. ISBN 0-8018-5730-9.
Burstein, Andrew. The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving. New York: Basic Books, 2007: 337. ISBN 978-0-465-00853-7
Callow, James T. Kindred Spirits: Knickerbocker Writers and American Artists, 1807–1855. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1967: 184.
Hoover, John Neal. Felix Darley, in The Private Library Autumn 1994, published by the Private Libraries Association

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "F. O. C. Darley". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.

External links

Works by Felix Octavius Carr Darley at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about F. O. C. Darley at Internet Archive
Illustrations by FOC Darley, American Illustrator 1821-1888
Inventing the American Past: The Art of F. O. C. Darley
A Visit from St. Nicholas by Clement Clarke Moore, in an 1862 edition illustrated by F. O. C. Darley, from Project Gutenberg
The Winterthur Library Overview of an archival collection on F. O. C. Darley.
Society of Illustrators Felix Octavius Carr Darley
A Visit from Saint Nicholas From the Collections at the Library of Congress
Artwork by F. O. C. Darley
Felix Octavius Carr Darley at Library of Congress Authorities, with 179 catalog records

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[1] Pitz, Henry C. (1968). The Brandywine Tradition. Weathervane Books. p. 31. ISBN 0-517-16431-0.

[2] Pitz, Henry C. (1968). The Brandywine Tradition. Weathervane Books. p. 22. ISBN 0-517-16431-0.

[3] Allen, Hervey. Israfel: The Life and Times of Edgar Allan Poe. New York: Farrar & Rinehart, Inc., 1934: 224.

[4] "F. O. C. Darley Society online". Archived from the original on 2006-05-21. Retrieved 2008-02-01.

[5] Quinn, Arthur Hobson. Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998: 338. ISBN 0-8018-5730-9.

[6] Burstein, Andrew. The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving. New York: Basic Books, 2007: 337. ISBN 978-0-465-00853-7

[Callow184-7] Callow, James T. Kindred Spirits: Knickerbocker Writers and American Artists, 1807–1855. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1967: 184.

[8] Hoover, John Neal. Felix Darley, in The Private Library Autumn 1994, published by the Private Libraries Association