Fard
Farḍ (Arabic: فرض) or farīḍah (فريضة) in Islam is a religious duty commanded by God. The word is also used in Persian, Pashto, Turkish (spelled farz) in the same meaning. Muslims who obey such commands or duties are said to receive hasanat, ajr or thwab each time for each good deed.
Fard or its synonym wājib (واجب) is one of the five types of ahkam into which fiqh categorizes acts of every Muslim. The Hanafi fiqh, however, makes a distinction between wajib and fard, the latter being obligatory and the former merely necessary.[1][2]
Individual duty and sufficiency
The Fiqh distinguishes two sorts of duties:
- Individual duty or farḍ al-'ayn (فرض العين) relates is required to perform, such as daily prayer (salat), and the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime (hajj).[3]
- Sufficiency duty or farḍ al-kifāya (فرض الكفاية) is a duty which is imposed on the whole community of believers (ummah). The classic example for it is janaza: the individual is not required to perform it as long as a sufficient number of community members fulfill it.[4]
See also
References
- Ebrahim, Mufti (2002-04-28). "Albalagh.net". Albalagh.net. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
- Sunnipath.com Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
- "Fard al-Ayn". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- "Fard al-Kifayah". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
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