Islah

Islah or Al-Islah (الإصلاح ,إصلاح, al-ʾIṣlāḥ) is an Arabic word, usually translated as "reform", in the sense of "to improve, to better, to put something into a better position, fundamentalism, correction, correcting something and removing vice, reworking, emendation, reparation, restoration, rectitude, probility, reconciliation."[1][2][3][4][5][6] It is an important term in Islam. [7] The word is opposite to the word Ifsad, another important Islamic term meaning "corruption".[7] It is also used in politics (including as a name for political parties), and is also used as a personal and place name.[3]

For other uses, see Islah (disambiguation).
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Etymology

According to author Josef W. Meri and other scholars, the word is derived from the root salaha Ṣ-L-Ḥ (ص ل ح), occurs in forty verses of the Qur'an, including 49:10, 4:114, 4:128, 11:88[1][8] where it means "to do good, proper, right, restore oneself or to reconcile people with one another, to make peace."[1][9][10]

The believers are but brothers, so make settlement/reconciliation (islah) between your brothers. And fear Allah that you may receive mercy.

— Al-Hujurat 49:10[9]

No good is there in much of their private conversation, except for those who enjoin charity or that which is right or conciliation between people. And whoever does that seeking means to the approval of Allah - then We are going to give him a great reward.

— Quran, An-Nisa 4:114[1]

And if a woman fears from her husband contempt or evasion, there is no sin upon them if they make terms of settlement or reconciliation between them - and settlement is best. And present in [human] souls is stinginess. But if you do good and fear Allah - then indeed Allah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted.

— Quran, An-Nisa 4:128[1]

In sura Al-Hud, it is mentioned as Islamic prophet Shuaib told to his community,[8]

He said, "O my people, have you considered: if I am upon clear evidence from my Lord and He has provided me with a good provision from Him... ? And I do not intend to differ from you in that which I have forbidden you; I only intend reform as much as I am able. And my success is not but through Allah . Upon him I have relied, and to Him I return.

— Quran, 11:8.[8]

Relation with tajdid

Tajdid, meaning renewal, is another Islamic term used with the term Islah in the field of different Islamic political interpretation.[8] The person who practices tajdid is called mujaddid,[8] but scholars such as Al-Dhahabi and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani have interpreted that the term mujaddid can also be understood as plural, thus referring to a group of people.[11][12] The concept is based on a hadith (a saying of Islamic prophet Muhammad),[13][8] recorded by Abu Dawood, narrated by Abu Hurairah who mentioned that Islamic prophet Muhammad said:

Allah will raise for this community at the end of every 100 years the one who will renovate its religion for it.

— Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim [Battles], Hadith Number 4278[14]

By the majority of Muslim scholars, Umar II (682-720) is considered as the first mujaddid in early Islam.[8] After then, Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (767-820), Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (1058-1111), Taqi al-Din ibn Taymiyya (1263-1328, leading ideal to Salafi doctrine), Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi (d. 1388), Muhammad al-Shawkani (1760-1834), and Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi (1787-1859) has been denominated as prominent reformers in Islam.[15]

According to author Juan Eduardo Campo and other scholars, islah is used most commonly today in Arabic with respect to the idea of reform, although this usage was not widespread until the modern reform movements of the 19th and 20th centuries; scholars like Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905, a prominent follower of Ibn Taimiyah), Rashid Rida (1865-1935) and Mahmud Shaltut (1893-1963) became popular for their contemporary islah movement.[8][15]

Scholars' views

Salafi scholar Salih Al-Munajjid argued in his book "Prophets Methods of correcting People's Mistakes" that, Islah or correct mistakes is a basic aspect in Quran and Hadith and there are 38 prophetic ways to do Islah or correct people.[16][17]

Saudi cleric Khalid Bin Abdullah al-Musleh listed seven obstacles in the way of Tazkiah in his book "Islahul Qulub" (reforming the hearts):[18]

  1. Shirk
  2. Rejecting Sunnah and following Bid'ah
  3. Obeying the instinct and ego (nafs)
  4. Doubt
  5. Negligence (ghaflah)

Ha also listed 8 ways to maintain Tazkiah:[18]

  1. Reading Quran
  2. Loving Allah
  3. Doing dhikr
  4. Tawbah and Istighfar
  5. Supplicate (dua) for hidayah and purify
  6. Remembering afterlife (Akhirah)
  7. Reading the biographies of the salafs
  8. Company of good, honest and pious people.

Politics

Several political groups and parties have been named "Islah" in the 20th and 21st centuries including:

Rapper Kevin Gates named his debut studio album Islah inspired by his daughter's same name.[19]

See also

References
  1. Meri, Josef W. (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. pp. 675, 676. ISBN 978-0-415-96690-0. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  2. Tan, Charlene (2014-04-24). Reforms in Islamic Education: International Perspectives. A&C Black. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4411-4617-5.
  3. Lane, Jan-Erik; Redissi, Hamadi (2016). Religion and Politics: Islam and Muslim Civilisation. Routledge. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-317-06793-1. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  4. Seker, Mehmet Yavuz (2015). A Map of the Divine Subtle Faculty: The Concept of the Heart in the Works of Ghazali, Said Nursi, and Fethullah Gulen. Tughra Books. ISBN 978-1-59784-877-0. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  5. Catafago, Joseph (1858). An English and Arabic Dictionary: In which the Arabic Words are Represented in the Oriental Character, as Well as Their Correct Pronunciation and Accentuation Shewn in English Letters. B. Quaritch. p. 18. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  6. Kunitzsch, Paul (2000). Sic Itur Ad Astra: Studien Zur Geschichte Der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften : Festschrift Für Den Arabisten Paul Kunitzsch Zum 70. Geburtstag. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-04290-1. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  7. Malik, Maszlee (2016). Foundations of Islamic Governance: A Southeast Asian Perspective. Taylor & Francis. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-315-41464-5. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  8. Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. pp. 372, 715. ISBN 978-1-4381-2696-8.
  9. Philpott, Daniel (2012). Just and Unjust Peace: An Ethic of Political Reconciliation. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-996922-7. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  10. Mey, See Ching; Abdullah, Melissa Ng Lee Yen (2014). Counselling in the New Frontier of Helping (Penerbit USM). Penerbit USM. ISBN 978-983-861-704-8.
  11. Fath al-Baari (13/295)
  12. Taareekh al-Islam (23/180)
  13. Neal Robinson (2013), Islam: A Concise Introduction, Routledge, ISBN 978-0878402243, Chapter 7, pp. 85-89
  14. Sunan Abu Dawood, 37:4278
  15. Browers, Michaelle; Kurzman, Charles (2004). An Islamic Reformation?. Lexington Books. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-7391-0554-2. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  16. The Prophet's Methods for Correcting People's Mistakes. IslamKotob. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  17. al-Munajjid, Syekh Muhammad saleh (2010). Cara Cerdas Nabi Mengoreksi Kesalahan Orang Lain (in Indonesian). Serambi Ilmu Semesta. ISBN 978-979-024-211-1. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  18. Al-Musleh, Khalid Bin Abdullah (2004). Reform the Hearts - Bengali - Khalid Bin Abdullah Al-Musleh. Ministry of Dawah, Irshad, Awkaf and Religious Affairs. ISBN 9960-29-546-X. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  19. Farrell, Paul (17 May 2020). "Dreka Haynes, Kevin Gates' Wife: 5 Fast Facts You Ned to Know". Heavy.com. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
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