Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics

In 1921, the Belgium Football Association first allowed for payments to players for time lost from work; in the months that followed four other Associations (Switzerland and Italy amongst them) permitted similar subsidies. The Football Association, perhaps, with foresight considered their statement of 1884 to be one which FIFA should hereafter follow. They had stated: "Any player registered with this Association ... receiving remuneration ... of any sort above ... necessary expenses actually paid, shall be considered to be a professional."

In 1923 the four British Associations sought an assurance that FIFA accept this definition; the four FIFA representatives on the International Football Association Board refused and, consequently, both the United Kingdom and Denmark withdrew their footballers from representing their nations at the 1924 Olympic Games.[4]

In Association Football (1960), Bernard Joy wrote about the 1912 Games that the authorities in Sweden "had debated for a long time whether to include football ... because its popularity was not yet world wide". Twelve years later, in Paris, football had become so important to the Games that a 1/3 of the income generated came from football. In terms of international development these Games signalled the first participation in a major Championship of a team from South America, a continent which would provide the main competition to Europe from that moment on.

The Uruguay team had won the Sudamericano one year before the Games

In Paris, Uruguay, who had paid their third class passage to Paris and gone on a successful tour of Spain beforehand,[5] would join as many as 18 European teams; the United States, Turkey and Egypt.

The Uruguayans had won the 1923 Sudamericano by maximum points in the December of the previous year to qualify for the tournament as their continent's sole participants; defeating rivals Argentina 2–0 in the final game in which Pedro Petrone scored halfway through the first half. Joy wrote: "A doctor and a physical expert were as important elements of the staff as the coach himself. They saw to it that their charges reached perfect physical condition. They were kept that way by staying away from the attractions of Paris at a villa in the quiet village of Argenteuil". In Paris Jose Leandro Andrade would be dubbed La Merveille Noire.[5] Despite this little was known about them; they had never played outside South America and their international experience had mainly been spent travelling across the harbour from Buenos Aires to Montevideo.[6]

Italy, having remained unbeaten since 1922, found themselves beaten 4-0 by an early incantation of Hugo Meisl's Wunderteam (who would absent themselves from the Games).[7] With just six weeks to go before the Games Italy had been walloped 7-1 by Hungary.).[8] Other than dropping Giampiero Combi, Vittorio Pozzo would not make major changes; Italy would not prevail.[8] The same policy was adopted by Yugoslavia. Rather than considering dropping players, they had sacked their manager Veljko Ugrinić instead (following a 4-1 defeat by those Austrians in Zagreb) but would find his replacement Todor Sekulić just as hapless.[9]

The Hungarians had just come off a good run of results in the previous year, but had been beaten by the Swiss in the days leading up to the Games; Max Abegglen, who had only been playing international football for two years, scoring his 7th international goal that day for the Swiss.[10] The Swiss had been on the verge of withdrawing from the Games due to their continued success. The team's train ticket was valid for only 10 days and their money had run out. An appeal by a newspaper, Sport, brought in the needed funds.[11]

Entering for the second time Egypt caused a surprise defeat in their opening game.[12] Both finalists from the previous Games were be present; Belgium being afforded a bye into the first round; the Czechs drawn against Turkey in the Preliminary Round.

The Yugoslavia side had a poor showing

The Games competition was assisted by a Preliminary Round which featured the silver-medallists from the 1920 Games, Spain in a game with Italy. Since that time Spain had only lost once and that by a single goal away to Belgium and had drawn 0-0 with the Italians in March 1924.[13] There was hardly anything between themselves and Italy when they met, this time, at the Colombes Stadium; Pedro Vallana's own goal handing victory to Italy.

Hungary put five past Poland, the Swiss sent Lithuania on their way, 9-0. The Uruguayans played first-rate football, combining speed, skill and perfect ball-control. By marrying short passing to intelligent positional play, they made the ball do all the work, and so kept their opponents on the run wrote Joy. The Uruguayans sailed past Yugoslavia by seven clear goals, then overcame the United States by three goals to nil.

The French squad, eliminated by Uruguay

In the first round Czechoslovakia (following their decision to walk off the field in 1920) faced Switzerland and the game went into extra-time. One Czech was sent off, and the Norwegian referee had to call for order during a break. For the replay, Abegllen took the captain's duties and all was different; Switzerland winning by the single goal. Otherwise there were two surprises, the first went Egypt's way; 3-0 to the good against Hungary. The second saw Sweden defeat the reigning gold-medallists, Belgium 8-1. Oscar Verbeeck's own goal set the Swedes on their way; Sven Rydell's hat-trick the feature of the match. The Swedish outside-left Rudolf Kock (who would become chairman of the selectors in 1948 working alongside George Raynor), would have another fine game against Egypt where Sweden won 5-0. France and Holland had been similarly dominant in the first round, but Uruguay beat France 5-1 to claim a semi-final place.

The Netherlands were defeated by Uruguay at the semifinal stage

In another quarter-final Italy went out to Switzerland disputing a winner by Max Abegglen, who converted a break-away goal. The Italians protested that he had been off-side. The referee Johannes Mutters, refused to alter the decision of his linesman; a jury upheld the judgement. There was further dispute in the semi-final where Holland (coached by the former Blackburn Rovers' player William Townley) took a first half lead against Uruguay through Feyenoord's Kees Pijl. With twenty minutes to go Pedro Cea scored an equaliser and with less than ten Georges Vallat, the French referee, awarded Uruguay a penalty. FIFA reported that "the Netherlands protested the ruling of a penalty kick that turned out to be the winning goal but then Uruguay protested against the Olympic Committee's selection of a Dutch referee for the final. To appease the South Americans, the committee pulled the name of a final referee out of a hat and picked out a Frenchman, Marcel Slawick".[14] In the other semi-final between Switzerland and Sweden the Swiss prevailed.

In the final the Swiss were defeated by the Uruguayans whose two goals in the second half put paid to their opponent's ambitions, Uruguay eventually prevailing 3-0. Interest in the final had been considerable, such was the draw of the Uruguayan side; 60,000 watched and 10,000 were locked out.[15]

First round

May 25, 1924
15:30

Italy	1–0	Spain
Vallana  84' (o.g.)	Report

Stade Olympique, Colombes

Attendance: 18,991

Referee: Marcel Slawik (FRA)

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May 25, 1924
15:30

Czechoslovakia	5–2	Turkey
Sloup  21' Sedláček  28', 37' Novák  64' Čapek  74'	Report	Refet  63', 82'

Stade Bergeyre, Paris

Attendance: 4,344

Referee: P. Chr. Andersen (NOR)

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May 25, 1924
15:30

Switzerland	9–0	Lithuania
Sturzenegger  2', 43', 68', 85' Dietrich  14' Abegglen  41', 50', 58' Ramseyer  63' (pen.)	Report

Stade Pershing, Vincennes

Attendance: 8,110

Referee: Antonio Scamoni (ITA)

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May 25, 1924
17:15

United States	1–0	Estonia
Straden  15' (pen.)	Report

Stade Pershing, Vincennes

Attendance: 8,110

Referee: Paul Putz (BEL)

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May 26, 1924
16:00

Uruguay	7–0	Yugoslavia
Vidal  20' Scarone  23' Cea  50', 80' Petrone  35', 61' Romano  58'	Report

Stade Olympique, Colombes

Attendance: 3,025

Referee: Georges Vallat (FRA)

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May 26, 1924
17:00

Hungary	5–0	Poland
Eisenhoffer  14' Hirzer  51', 58' Opata  70', 87'	Report

Stade Bergeyre, Paris

Attendance: 3,578

Referee: Johannes Mutters (NED)

Second round

May 27, 1924
17:00

France	7–0	Latvia
Crut  17', 28', 55' Nicolas  25', 50' Boyer  71', 87'	Report

Stade de Paris

Attendance: 5,145

Referee: Henri Christophe (BEL)

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May 27, 1924
16:00

Netherlands	6–0	Romania
Hurgronje  8' Pijl  32', 52', 66', 68' de Natris  69' (pen.)	Report

Stade Olympique, Colombes

Attendance: 1,840

Referee: Felix Herren (SUI)

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May 28, 1924
17:00

Switzerland	1–1 (a.e.t.)	Czechoslovakia
Dietrich  79'	Report	Sloup  21' (pen.)

Stade Bergeyre

Attendance: 9,157

Referee: P. Chr. Andersen (NOR)

May 30, 1924
17:00

Switzerland	1–0	Czechoslovakia
Pache  87'	Report

Stade Bergeyre

Attendance: 5,673

Referee: Marcel Slawik (FRA)

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May 28, 1924
16:00

Ireland (FAIFS)	1–0	Bulgaria
Duncan  75'	Report

Stade Olympique, Colombes

Attendance: 1,659

Referee: A. Henriot (FRA)

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May 29, 1924
14:15

Italy	2–0	Luxembourg
Baloncieri  20' Della Valle  38'	Report

Stade Pershing

Attendance: 4,254

Referee: Olivier De Ricard (FRA)

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May 29, 1924
16:00

Sweden	8–1	Belgium
Kock  8', 24', 77' Rydell  20', 61', 83' Brommesson  30' Keller  46'	Report	Larnoe  67'

Stade Olympique, Colombes

Attendance: 8,532

Referee: Heinrich Retschury (AUT)

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May 29, 1924
17:00

Egypt	3–0	Hungary
Yakan  4', 58' Hegazi  40'	Report

Stade de Paris

Attendance: 4,371

Referee: Luis Collina (ESP)

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May 29, 1924
17:00

Uruguay	3–0	United States
Petrone  10', 44' Scarone  15'	Report

Stade Bergeyre

Attendance: 10,455

Referee: Charles Barette (BEL)

Quarter-finals

June 1, 1924
16:00

France	1–5	Uruguay
Nicolas  12'	Report	Scarone  2', 24' Petrone  58', 68' Romano  83'

Stade Olympique, Colombes

Attendance: 30,868

Referee: P. Chr. Andersen (NOR)

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June 1, 1924
16:00

Sweden	5–0	Egypt
Kaufeldt  5', 71' Brommesson  31', 34' Rydell  49'	Report

Stade Pershing

Attendance: 6,484

Referee: Henri Christophe (BEL)

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June 2, 1924
17:00

Switzerland	2–1	Italy
Sturzenegger  47' Abegglen  60'	Report	Della Valle  52'

Stade Bergeyre

Attendance: 8,359

Referee: Johannes Mutters (NED)

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June 2, 1924
17:00

Netherlands	2–1 (a.e.t.)	Ireland (FAIFS)
Formenoy  7', 104'	Report	Ghent  33'

Stade de Paris

Attendance: 1,506

Referee: Heinrich Retschury (AUT)

Semi-finals

June 5, 1924
17:00

Switzerland	2–1	Sweden
Abegglen  15', 77'	Report	Kock  41'

Stade Olympique, Colombes

Attendance: 7,448

Referee: Mihaly Ivancsics (HUN)

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June 6, 1924
17:00

Uruguay	2–1	Netherlands
Cea  62' Scarone  81' (pen.)	Report	Pijl  32'

Stade Olympique, Colombes

Attendance: 7,088

Referee: Georges Vallat (FRA)

Bronze medal match

June 8, 1924
16:00

Sweden	1–1	Netherlands
Kaufeldt  44'	Report	le Fèvre  77'

Stade Olympique, Colombes

Attendance: 9,915

Referee: Heinrich Retschury (AUT)

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June 9, 1924
14:30

Sweden	3–1	Netherlands
Rydell  34', 77' Lundqvist  42'	Report	Formenoy  43' (pen.)

Stade Olympique, Colombes

Attendance: 40,522

Referee: Youssuf Mohamed (EGY)

Gold medal match

June 9, 1924
16:30

Uruguay	3–0	Switzerland
Petrone  9' Cea  65' Romano  82'	Report

Stade Olympique, Colombes

Attendance: 40,522

Referee: Marcel Slawik (France)

Team details

Uruguay GK Andrés Mazali DF José Nasazzi DF Pedro Arispe MF José Leandro Andrade MF José Vidal MF Alfredo Ghierra FW Santos Urdinarán FW Hector Scarone FW Pedro Petrone FW Pedro Cea FW Angel Romano Manager: Ernesto Figoli Switzerland GK Hans Pulver DF Adolphe Reymond DF Rudolf Ramseyer MF August Oberhauser MF Paul Schmiedlin MF Aron Pollitz FW Karl Ehrenbolger FW Robert Pache FW Walter Dietrich FW Max Abegglen FW Paul Fässler Manager: Thomas Duckworth

As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws.

Pos	Team	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Result
	Uruguay	5	5	0	0	20	2	+18	10
	Switzerland	6	4	1	1	15	6	+9	9
	Sweden	5	3	1	1	18	5	+13	7
4	Netherlands	5	2	1	2	11	7	+4	5
5	Italy	3	2	0	1	4	2	+2	4	Eliminated in quarter-final
6	France	2	1	0	1	8	5	+3	2
7	Ireland	2	1	0	1	2	2	0	2
8	Egypt	2	1	0	1	3	5	−2	2
9	Czechoslovakia	3	1	1	1	6	4	+2	3	Eliminated in second round
10	Hungary	2	1	0	1	5	3	+2	2
11	United States	2	1	0	1	1	3	−2	2
12	Bulgaria	1	0	0	1	0	1	−1	0
13	Luxembourg	1	0	0	1	0	2	−2	0
14	Romania	1	0	0	1	0	6	−6	0
15	Latvia	1	0	0	1	0	7	−7	0
16	Belgium	1	0	0	1	1	8	−7	0
17	Spain	1	0	0	1	0	1	−1	0	Eliminated in first round
18	Estonia	1	0	0	1	0	1	−1	0
19	Turkey	1	0	0	1	2	5	−3	0
20	Poland	1	0	0	1	0	5	−5	0
21	Yugoslavia	1	0	0	1	0	7	−7	0
22	Lithuania	1	0	0	1	0	9	−9	0

Uruguayan Pedro Petrone, topscorer with 7 goals

7 goals

6 goals

5 goals

4 goals

3 goals

2 goals

1 goal

Own goals

• Pedro Vallana (Spain; playing against Italy)

• Sweden, surprisingly, won Bronze. Their 8-1 defeat of the reigning champions, Belgium, in the opening round is still considered one of the biggest upsets in World football by criteria laid down by ELO.[16]
• Some of the games took place at the Vélodrome de Vincennes.
• The lap of honour (or previously called "Olympic turn"), the celebration ritual that a champion team does after winning a tournament, was invented by the Uruguayan team after winning this Olympic title, as they wanted to salute those in attendance by running all around the athletics field.
• Uruguay's Pedro Petrone was two days shy of his 19th birthday when he accepted his gold medal; still the youngest football gold-medallist in the history of the Games.
• This tournament (as well as the 1928 edition) was recognised as a FIFA World Championship, a precursor of the World Cup. This is the reason why FIFA allows Uruguay to have four stars on its kit.[17]
• Future Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping was a worker in France at the time and watched the final, which the ticket cost his coat.