Football in Croatia

The governing body of football in Croatia is the Croatian Football Federation.[2] It oversees the organization of:

• Leagues:
  • Prva HNL
  • Druga HNL
  • Treća HNL
  • Četvrta HNL
• Cup tournaments:
  • Croatian Cup
  • Croatian Supercup
• National teams:
  • Croatia national football team
  • Croatia national under-21 football team
  • Croatia national under-19 football team
  • Croatia national under-17 football team
  • Croatia women's national football team

Note: the aforementioned competitions are for men if not stated differently. Women's football exists but is much less developed or popular.

According to many surveys conducted by multiple newspapers, the most popular club in Croatia is Dinamo Zagreb which is also the most successful club. Their main rivals and second biggest club in Croatia is Hajduk Split, followed by HNK Rijeka and NK Osijek.

The following articles detail major results and events in each footballing season since the early 1990s, when the Croatian First Football League was established. Each article provides final league standings for that season, as well as details on cup results, Croatia national football team results, and a summary of any other important events during the season.

A plaque in Rijeka marking the site of the 1873 football game

The earliest record of football in Croatia dates from 1873, when English construction workers played the game in Rijeka.[3] The first known football match involving local population was played in 1880 in Županja, between English workers of The Oak Extract Company and local youths.[3] The sport was further popularized in Croatia by Franjo Bučar in the 1890s.[4] Its Croatian name, nogomet, was coined by the linguist Slavko Rutzner Radmilović in 1893 or 1894.[5] The name was accepted into Slovenian as well.

The earliest clubs were founded before World War I – HAŠK and PNIŠK in 1903, Hajduk and Građanski in 1911, etc. However, first Croatian football club Bačka from Subotica was founded in 1901 in the Kingdom of Hungary. In Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatian club Zrinjski Mostar is the oldest in the country and it was founded in 1905. The Croatian Football Federation was founded in 1912.

Hajduk Split

Zagreb

Slavija Osijek

Slavija Varaždin

Zagreb clubs:

Građanski
HAŠK
Concordia
Viktorija

Teams from the Republic of Croatia which competed in the Yugoslavian football championship from 1923–1940

After World War I, the Croatians played a major part in the founding of the first football federation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later named the Football Association of Yugoslavia, and its headquarters were initially in Zagreb before they were moved to Belgrade in 1929. During this time, the talented Ico Hitrec played football. In 1927, Hajduk Split took part in the inaugural Mitropa Cup for Central European clubs.

Croatia had its first international football match on April 2, 1940 against Switzerland. During World War II, the Croatian Football Federation joined FIFA as a representative of the Independent State of Croatia, but this was contentious and short-lived as was the fascist puppet-state. After the war, football was resumed in the second Yugoslavia. The communist regime in the new state quickly moved to ban all clubs who had either participated in the Croatian championship or bore Croatian national names. Many clubs were said to have links to the Ustaše. Victims of this disbanding included top-sides Concordia, HAŠK and Građanski, as well as the major Croatian clubs in today's Bosnia and Herzegovina SAŠK and HŠK Zrinjski Mostar. The largest club to avoid disbanding was Hajduk Split who had refused to participate in the Croatian competition.

At this point several other major clubs were founded – today's GNK Dinamo Zagreb, HNK Rijeka and NK Osijek, to name a few. Most clubs had to maintain loyalty to the regime, and it was common for clubs to have a communist red star as part of their emblem.

Over the following decades, the Croatian clubs performed well in the Yugoslav First League and the Yugoslav Cup. Hajduk and Dinamo formed one half of the Big Four of Yugoslav football (the other two being FK Partizan and Red Star Belgrade). In 1967, Zlatko Čajkovski of German club Bayern Munich became the only Croatian manager to win the European Cup Winners' Cup.

After Croatia gained independence in the 1990s, the football federation was reconstituted and joined the international associations.[6] The Croatian internationals from the 1987 FIFA World Youth Championship-winning team went on to achieve more success, spawning the Golden Generation who won third place at the 1998 FIFA World Cup.[7] Since then, Croatia has continued to produce top players. At the more recent Euro 2008, they famously beat 2006 FIFA World Cup bronze medalists Germany 2–1 in a shock win but exited the tournament courtesy of a penalty shoot-out against Turkey in the quarterfinals.

• Hajduk Split is the only Croatian club to date—either during the Yugoslav period or since independence—to have played in the knockout stages of the European Cup or UEFA Champions League, having reached the quarter-finals on three occasions (in 1975–76, 1979–80 and 1994–95).
• Dinamo Zagreb have qualified for the Champions League group stage on seven occasions (in 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2015–16, 2016–17 and 2019-2020) but have yet to progress further.
• Hajduk are also the only Croatian club to have advanced past the round of sixteen of the UEFA Cup/Europa League, reaching the semi-finals in 1983–84 and the quarterfinals in 1985–86. They also reached the UEFA Cup's last sixteen in 1981–82 and 1986–87, while Dinamo Zagreb were eliminated in the same round in 1997–98 and 2018-19.
• Dinamo Zagreb had succes winning the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1967 which is the only European trophy won by Croatian clubs. Croatian clubs also had success in the defunct UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. Both Dinamo Zagreb (1960–61) and Hajduk Split (1972–73) reached the semi-finals of the competitions. Dinamo have also reached the quarterfinals in 1964–65 and 1969–70, while Hajduk were eliminated at that stage in 1977–78. UEFA Cup Winners' Cup is also the only European competition that has seen Croatian clubs other than Dinamo and Hajduk reach the advanced stages. Rijeka reached the quarterfinals in the 1979–80 edition, while Varteks advanced to the quarterfinals in 1998–99, the last edition of the competition.

Best results

The table below lists Croatian clubs' best results in elimination rounds of European club competitions:

Competition	Season	Round	Team 1	Agg.	Team 2	1st leg	2nd leg
UCWC	1960–61	SF	Fiorentina	4–2	Dinamo Zagreb	3–0	1–2
UCWC	1972–73	SF	Leeds United	1–0	Hajduk Split	1–0	0–0
EC	1975–76	QF	Hajduk Split	2–3	PSV Eindhoven	2–0	0–3 (aet)
EC	1979–80	QF	Hamburger SV	3–3 (a)	Hajduk Split	1–0	2–3
UC	1983–84	SF	Hajduk Split	2–2 (a)	Tottenham Hotspur	2–1	0–1
UCL	1994–95	QF	Hajduk Split	0–3	Ajax	0–0	0–3
UC	1997–98	R16	Croatia Zagreb	1–2	Atlético Madrid	1–1	0–1
EL	2018–19	R16	Dinamo Zagreb	1–3	Benfica	1–0	0–3 (aet)
UCWC	1998–99	QF	Varteks	1–3	Mallorca	0–0	1–3

The following table lists all Croatian players who are credited to win an international final (either appeared in the final, being unused substitutes or were in the squad in earlier rounds of the tournament). It does not include Croatians who were considered Yugoslav players prior to Croatia's independence in 1991.

As of 2020 a total of eleven Croatian players are credited as winning the Champions League: Alen Bokšić, Zvonimir Boban, Davor Šuker, Dario Šimić, Igor Bišćan, Mario Mandžukić, Luka Modrić, Ivan Rakitić, Mateo Kovačić, Dejan Lovren and Ivan Perišić, although Šimić, Bišćan, Kovačić and Lovren did not appear in the finals.[8] In terms of appearances, thirteen players have played in the final (Bokšić, Boban, Šuker, Živković, Babić, Tudor, Pršo, Olić, Mandžukić, Modrić, Rakitić, Lovren and Perišić), but only five players appeared more than once – Bokšić (1993, 1997), Boban (1994, 1995), Olić (2010, 2012), Mandžukić (2013, 2017) and Modrić (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018). Two Croatian players have scored a goal in the final match, Mandžukić in the 2013 and 2017 final, and Rakitić in the 2015 final.

As of 2019 a total of seven Croatian players are credited as winning the Europa League: Mario Stanić, Ivica Olić, Ivica Križanac, Darijo Srna, Ivan Rakitić, Šime Vrsaljko and Mateo Kovačić – although Stanić did not appear for his club in the final. The only Croatian player to have scored a goal in the final match was Nikola Kalinić in the 2015 final.[9]

Futsal, called mali nogomet (lit. "small football") in Croatia, is also widely played and is sometimes considered as a mini football league. It is often taught in schools and also played by football professionals as a pastime.

The Croatian First League of Futsal is the top-tier futsal competition.

The Croatian football fans organize in various fan groups such as the Torcida (Hajduk), Bad Blue Boys (Dinamo), Armada (Rijeka), Kohorta (Osijek), etc.

On the international games, the Croatian fans usually wear the checkerboard colors red and white, as they are on the Croatian coat of arms.

• "Hrvatska". Nogometni leksikon (in Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
• Marković, Ivan (December 2012). "O počecima hrvatskoga nogometa" [On the beginnings of the Croatian word nogomet (E. football)] (PDF). Croatica (in Croatian). 6 [36] (6 [56]): 305–328. Retrieved 30 August 2018.

• League321.com – Croatian football league tables, records & statistics database. (in English)