Freezing point depression osmometer

Freezing point depression osmometer will be applied in determining a solution's osmotic strength. It is the most preferred method where it is applicable in performing various activities in the medical field. It is used in assessing the osmotic strength of colloids, as well as, solutions.[2] The osmometry is preferred in among other areas, pharmaceutical, quality control laboratories, and in clinical chemistry where it facilitates the establishment of precise measurements, hence facilitating the various medical practices. It's preference further result from its easy and fast means to determine the osmolality in aqueous solutions. Focusing on its operation, it is apparent that the method uses solution's freezing point to determine its concentration. It uses Clifton nanolitre nanometer, a device that facilitates the establishment of the solution's melting as well as freezing points. The determination of the freezing and melting points involves four distinct steps. These are; calibration, loading, deep freezing, and determination. By determining the solution's freezing point, it is possible to establish the number of particles in it, an aspect that allows the determination of its concentration. When particles are dissolved in a solution, its freezing point is lowered compared to that of the original solvent. A further increase in the solute decreases the freezing point even further. The freezing point depression osmometer uses the solution's freezing point to establish its concentration.[3] The freezing point depression osmometer is calibrated using standards that are within the solution's osmolality range. It provides an easy as well as fast means of determining the osmolality in aqueous solutions. Moreover, the device produces consistent measurement with a combination with intelligent design, an aspect that has significantly promoted its use in the medical sector.

Freezing point depression

Freezing point Principle graph of chemical potential against temperature explaining freezing point depression and boiling point elevation
Manufacturers	Tomas er
Other techniques
Related	Melting-point depression, Boiling-point elevation

The use of osmometers began in the late nineteenth century after van’t Hoff won a Nobel Prize for his research that discovered that the relationship between the osmotic pressure of dilute colloid solutions and concentration was consistent with the ideal gas law.[4] Since then, osmometers have been used to measure the osmotic strength of a dilute solution at different levels of concentration.      

The historical use of the method is validated by Guerrero et al.[5] in their analytical study that engaged 1, 991 dogs to test their urine osmolality. The study discloses the past achievement of professionals where using the approach, they managed to measure canine and, in the end, established intervals and the impacts of sex, age, as well as, reproductive status. The historical use of the method is further disclosed by Hale et al.[6] who elaborate its distinct advantages over the other the conventional concentration osmometer that relied on the osmotic pressure profile. As such, it is evident that the approach has been widely applied in the past where it has gained significant success. That was promoted by its increased efficiency and reliability.

Freezing point depression osmometer is applied in various areas in the medical field. The approach is used in determining the colloidal aspects in solutions. Hale et al.[7] elaborates that the method is advantageous as compared to other conventional approaches, an aspect that has increased its application in the medical sector. In the present day, the method is applied in among other areas, in measuring osmolarity in lens care solutions as well as eye drops, hence promoting eye health.[8] It is further used in clinical chemistry, pharmaceutical and quality control laboratories where it facilitates different processes. As compared to the other methods, the freezing point depression osmometer has a high level of precision and accuracy, making its application in clinical practices safe. It is applied in various processes that involves the manufacturing of drugs.[9] Urine osmolality is also used to measure urine concentration accurately thus determine renal function and body fluid homeostasis.

The freezing point depression osmometer is largely used in the medical sector where its preference is promoted by its precision. It is used in medical clinics where it is applied in distinct pharmaceutical practices.[10] These include among other activities, the development of lens care solutions and eye drops where the technique is applied to develop the proper development of a proper solution to promote eye health. Indeed, medical professionals using the method have achieved significant success both in the past as well as in the present day. The use of the approach has promoted the different medical operations, hence promoting health.

• Melting-point depression
• Boiling-point elevation
• Colligative properties
• Clifton nanolitre osmometer, an example of a freezing point depression osmometer.

• Skoog, D.A.; West, D.M.; Holler, F.J. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry New York: Saunders College Publishing, 5th Edition, 1988.
• Bard, A.J.; Faulkner, L.R. Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Edition, 2000.
• Bettencourt da Silva, R; Bulska, E; Godlewska-Zylkiewicz, B; Hedrich, M; Majcen, N; Magnusson, B; Marincic, S; Papadakis, I; Patriarca, M; Vassileva, E; Taylor, P; Analytical measurement: measurement uncertainty and statistics, 2012, ISBN 978-92-79-23070-7.

• General Chemistry principles, patterns and applications.