Geoportal

A geoportal is a type of web portal used to find and access geographic information (geospatial information) and associated geographic services (display, editing, analysis, etc.) via the Internet. Geoportals are important for effective use of geographic information systems (GIS) and a key element of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI).

Geographic information providers, including government agencies and commercial sources, use geoportals to publish descriptions (geospatial metadata) of their geographic information. Geographic information consumers, professional or casual, use geoportals to search and access the information they need. Thus geoportals serve an increasingly important role in the sharing of geographic information and can avoid duplicated efforts, inconsistencies, delays, confusion, and wasted resources.

Background

The United States National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), started in 1994 (see OMB Circular A-16), is considered the earliest geoportal concept. The U.S. Federal Geospatial Data Committee (FGDC) coordinated development of the NSDI Clearinghouse Network, the first large geoportal. It has many distributed catalogs that can be searched via a client interface.

First released in 2003, the Geospatial One-Stop (GOS) geoportal was developed as part of a U.S. e-government initiative. Unlike the NSDI Clearinghouse Network, GOS was built around a centralized metadata catalog database, with an architecture that links users to data providers through a Web-based geoportal. The user of GOS may employ a simple Web browser (thin client) or may interface directly with a GIS (thick client).

More recently, there has been a proliferation of geoportals for sharing of geographic information based on region or theme. Examples include the INSPIRE, or Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community geoportal, the NatCarb geoportal, which provides geographic information concerning carbon sequestration in the United States, and UNSDI, the United Nations Spatial Data Infrastructure.

Modern web-based geoportals include direct access to raw data in multiple formats, complete metadata, online visualization tools so users can create maps with data in the portal, automated provenance linkages across users, datasets and created maps, commenting mechanisms to discuss data quality and interpretation, and sharing or exporting created maps in various formats. Open portals allow user contribution of datasets as well.

In September 2011, GOS was retired and the content it included by then became part of the broader open data site (Geo.)Data.gov. At the same time, the United States federal government launched the Geospatial Platform, which represents a shift from focusing on cataloging references to resources, to providing shared web services for national significant datasets, API for developers, and end-user applications (built on those web services and API).

List of geoportals

nameclassterritorycontentdevelopertechnologyyear from
GeoBlacklightgeoportal software2014
Open Geoportal (OGP)geoportal software2013
GEOSS (Global Earth Observation Data)global geoportalglobal
ArcGIS Onlineglobal geoportalglobalESRIArcGIS Server
Egyptian Geospatial Information Portal national geoportal Egypt CAPMAS 2016
INSPIRE geoportalinternational geoportalEurope
IDE Andorra national geoportalAndorra
Geoland national geoportalAustria
Geoportal Belarus national geoportalBelarus
Geoportal of the Belgian federal institutions national geoportalBelgium
Geoportal de Chile national geoportalChile
Geoportal del Departamento Nacional de Estadística Colombia national geoportalColombia
Mapas Bogotá national geoportalColombia, Bogotá
Geoportal Croatianational geoportalCroatia
Geodata-info Denmarknational geoportalDenmark
Geoportal Estonianational geoportalEstonia
Geoportal Finlandnational geoportalFinland
Geoportail Francenational geoportalFrance
Geoportail France - tablet versionnational geoportalFrance
Geoportail France - mobile versionnational geoportalFrance
Geoportal Germanynational geoportalGermanyFederal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy
GeoVisitGuatemalanational geoportalGuatemala
India NSDI Portalnational geoportalIndia
Indian GeoSpatial Opendata Portalnational geoportalIndia
Geoportal Irelandnational geoportalIreland
Portale Cartografico Nazionalenational geoportalItaly
Geoportal Lithuania national geoportalLithuania
Geoportal Luxembourg national geoportalLuxembourg
Geoportal Mongoliatheme geoportalMongoliaALAMGaCArcGIS Server2019
PDOK - Publieke Dienstverlening Op de Kaart Loketnational geoportalNetherlands
UNSDI Netherlands GeoNetwork portalnational geoportalNetherlands
Geospatial Data Service Centrenational geoportalNetherlands
Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) Data Service national geoportalNew Zealand
GeoNorgenational geoportalNorway
Geoportal Poland national geoportalPoland
SNIG - Sistema Nacional de Informação Geográficanational geoportalPortugal
Geoportal of RosKosmosnational geoportalRussian Federation2010
NSDI of Russian Federationnational geoportalRussian Federation
Geoportal Serbianational geoportalSerbia
Geoportal Patrimonio Natural y de la Biodiversidad del Estado español national geoportalSpain
Geoportal Spain is Culture national geoportalSpain
Geoportal Pueblos Arquitectura Negra Guadalajara national geoportalSpain
Geoportal hotelmapspain-madrid national geoportalSpain
Geoportal Campiña de Jerez national geoportalSpain
Geoportal Madrid national geoportalSpain, Madrid
IDEE - Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales de Españanational geoportalSpain
Geoportal Bundnational geoportalSwitzerland
UK DataPortalnational (geo) data portalUnited Kingdom
GoGeonational geoportalUnited Kingdom
Data.govnational geoportalUnited States
Geospatial Platformnational geoportalUnited States
NSDI Clearinghouse Networknational geoportalUnited States
Geoportal Simón Bolívarnational geoportalVenezuela
Abu Dhabi Spatial Data Infrastructurecity geoportalUAE, Abu Dhabi
GeoStorstate geoportalUSA, Arkansas
CaSIL - California Spatial Information Librarystate geoportalUSA, California
Caracas En Un Clickcity geoportalVenezuela, Caracas
IDEC, Spatial Data Infrastructure of Cataloniastate geoportalSpain, Catalonia
geoEuskadi, Spatial Data Infrastructure of Basque Countrystate geoportalSpain, Basque Country
New Mexico Resource GISstate geoportalUSA, New Mexico
Geoportal Baden-Württembergstate geoportalGermany, Baden-Württemberg
Geoportal Bavariastate geoportalGermany, Bavaria
Geoportal Brandenburgstate geoportalGermany, Brandenburg
Geoportal Hessestate geoportalGermany, Hesse
Geoportal Lower Saxonystate geoportalGermany, Lower Saxony
Geoportal North Rhine-Westphaliastate geoportalGermany, North Rhine-Westphalia
Geoportal Rhineland Palatinatestate geoportalGermany, Rhineland Palatinate
Geoportal Saarlandstate geoportalGermany, Saarland
Geoportal Saxonystate geoportalGermany, Saxony
Geoportal Schleswig-Holsteinstate geoportalGermany, Schleswig-Holstein
Geoportal Thuringiastate geoportalGermany, Thuringia
Geoportal Kyzylordastate geoportalKazakhstan, Kyzylorda Region
NatCarb, National Carbon Sequestration Geoportaltheme geoportalUnited States
National Geoportal of NepalNational GeoportalNepal2018
GeoSURRegional GeoportalGeospatial network of Latin America and the CaribbeanCAF, USGSESRI Geoportal2007
GeoData@Wisconsin state geoportal USA, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin GeoBlacklight 2014

See also

References

  • Fu, P., and J. Sun. 2010. Web GIS: Principles and Applications. ESRI Press. Redlands, CA. ISBN 1-58948-245-X.
  • Goodchild, M.F., P. Fu, and P.M. Rich. 2007. Geographic information sharing: the case of the Geospatial One-Stop portal. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97(2):250-266.
  • Maguire, D.J., and P.A. Longley. 2005. The emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 29: 3-14.
  • Tang, W. and Selwood, J. 2005. Spatial Portals: Gateways to Spatial Information. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.
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