Great albatross

Diomedea comes from the Greek hero Diomedes, who, according to legend, was driven by a storm to Italy and was stranded with his companions who were turned to birds.[4]

The wandering albatross and the southern royal albatross are the largest of the albatrosses and are amongst the largest of flying birds. They have the largest wingspans of any bird, being up to 3.5 m (11 ft) from tip to tip, although the average is a little over 3 m (9.8 ft). Large adult males of these two species may exceed 11 kg (24 lb) in weight, as heavy as a large swan.

Facial features of various Diomedea species.

The great albatrosses are predominantly white in plumage as adults, with birds becoming whiter as they age. The two royal albatrosses at all ages and the larger, older male wandering albatrosses are totally white-bodied, while adult females and younger animals of the other species have dark pencilling marks on the edges of their feathers. Generally the smaller species or subspecies and the juveniles have more dark brown colour. The recently discovered Amsterdam albatross retains the dark brown plumage of juvenile birds into adulthood.

The great albatrosses range across the Southern Ocean, and nest (for the most part) on isolated oceanic islands. The wandering albatrosses nest on islands around the Southern Ocean, from the Atlantic Ocean (South Georgia and Tristan da Cunha), to the Indian Ocean and New Zealand's Subantarctic islands. The royal albatrosses nest only on New Zealand's Subantarctic islands, with one unusual colony on New Zealand's Otago Peninsula.

Genus Diomedea – great albatrosses

• Diomedea epomophora, southern royal albatross
• Diomedea sanfordi, northern royal albatross
• Diomedea exulans, wandering albatross
• Diomedea antipodensis, Antipodean albatross
  • Diomedea antipodensis gibsoni, Gibson's albatross
• Diomedea dabbenena, Tristan albatross
• Diomedea amsterdamensis, Amsterdam albatross

The earliest known fossils of the genus are from the Middle Miocene, about 12–15 mya. By that time, the genera Phoebastria and Diomedea had already diverged.

Fossil species[5][6]

• Diomedea milleri (Round Mountain Silt Middle Miocene of Sharktooth Hill and possibly Astoria Middle Miocene of Oregon, US)
• Diomedea sp. (Late Miocene of Valdez Peninsula, Antarctica)[5]
• Diomedea sp. (Early Pliocene of South Africa)[5]
• Diomedea sp. (Early Pliocene of Bone Valley, Florida, US)[5]
• Diomedea thyridata Wilkinson, 1969 (Upper Miocene, Beaumaris Bay Fossil Site, Australia) [7][8]

At least four species were found in the Early Pliocene deposits of Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina in the US.[5] These may in part be identical with the forms mentioned above. Assignment of the undescribed taxa to Diomedea is tentative since most of them were discovered before the splitting of this genus. Especially the Southern Hemisphere species probably belong to other genera.

• List of albatross breeding locations

• Brands, Sheila (Aug 14, 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification – Subfamily Diomedeinae". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 12 Feb 2009.
• Brooke, Michael (2004): Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York. ISBN 0-19-850125-0
• Tickell, W. L. N. (2000): Albatrosses. Pica Press, Sussex. ISBN 1-873403-94-1