Gulu

During the British Bagool rule in the 18th and 19th centuries, northern Uganda was less developed compared to the rest of the country. The people were conscripted into the army and the police.[6] Many were sent to fight in the first and second World Wars.[7]

In the 1960s, many Sudanese, Rwandese, and Congolese refugees settled in the city.[8]

The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) under the leadership of Joseph Kony sprang up in the 1990s after Auma/Lakwena went to Kenya. The LRA became increasingly violent in Gulu and surrounding communities.[9] Up to 15,000 children, known as "night commuters", were fleeing into the city for safety every evening.[10] In 1996, the Ugandan government ordered all civilians in northern Uganda to relocate to internally displaced person (IDP) camps. Several organizations, such as Stop the Genocide in Northern Uganda, called these camps "concentration camps" and demanded their immediate closure. At one time, an estimated two million people lived in these camps. In April 2009, all the IDP camps were closed and the people were allowed to return to their villages.[11] By July 2009, an estimated 1,452,000 people (80.7 percent of those living in the camps) had voluntarily left the camps to return home.[12][13][14] Since the spring of 2007, there has been relative peace in the region as the LRA became a much less significant threat.

Gulu's climate is tropical wet and dry (Aw) according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system.[15]

The national census in 2002 estimated Gulu's population at 119,430. The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) estimated the population at 149,900 in 2010. In 2011, UBOS estimated the mid-year population at 154,300.[16] The 2014 population census put the population at 152,276.[1]

Gulu is the home of Gulu University, which has a wide range of programs including agriculture, medicine, business management, and conflict resolution. It is one of the three public universities in the Northern Region, the others being Muni University in Arua and Lira University in Lira. Gulu University is the parent institution of the Gulu University School of Medicine, one of the nine accredited medical schools in Uganda as of February 2015. The Uganda Management Institute, a government-owned tertiary teaching and research institution in management and administration, has a campus in Gulu.[17] Gulu also hosts University of the Sacred Heart Gulu, a private university affiliated with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gulu.[18]

There are three hospitals in the city: St. Mary's Hospital Lacor, the Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, and Gulu Independent Hospital.

There is also a center for non-medical integrative therapies, Thrive-Gulu, founded by Boston-based professor Judy Dushku and her husband Jim Coleman, and part-funded by Eliza Dushku; it has received funding support from Irish aid agency Trocaire and a Scandinavian foreign aid provider.[19]

The home venue for Gulu United FC is Pece War Memorial Stadium, which has a capacity of 3,000 people.[22] The stadium was built by the British in 1959, with long-delayed renovations starting in April 2017.[23]

Predominant among the places of worship are Christian facilities for communities including the: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gulu (Catholic Church), Church of Uganda (Anglican Communion), Presbyterian Church in Uganda (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Baptist Union of Uganda (Baptist World Alliance), Assemblies of God,[24] and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.[25] There are also Muslim mosques.

With loans obtained from the World Bank and KfW, the government of Uganda in 2020, completed Phase I of the Gulu Water Supply and Sanitation Project. The project required USh82.3 billion (US$22+ million) to be implemented. With the improvements, Gulu City has storage capacity of 42,000,000 cubic metres (1.1×10¹⁰ US gal) of potable water. In addition, at least 42 public toilets have been built, capable of accommodating 250 people simultaneously. A new sewage sludge treatment plant in Cubu has been constructed.[26]

Phase II of the project involves establishment of a drinking water intake plant, upstream of Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station, with pumping capacity of 10,000 cubic metres (2,600,000 US gal) daily. This new potable water source will supply 341,000 people in Gulu and neighboring communities. It also includes the expansion of safe sanitation services to 170,000 new customers. KfW and the CDC Group are expected to fund the second stage, starting in June 2021.[26]

• Okot p'Bitek, poet[27]
• Otim Alpha, musician/singer/pioneer, of Acholitronix
• Otema Alimadi, former premier of Uganda
• Brigadier George William Nyero, former UNLA brigade commander
• Lumix Da Don, musical artist
• Catherine Kyobutungi, born here in 1972[28]
• Pen-Mogi Nyeko, veterinarian, academic and statesman. Former Vice Chancellor of Gulu University 2002–2018.

• Railway stations in Uganda
• Acholi sub-region
• List of cities and towns in Uganda

• New Cities Raise Great Expectations In Investments, Revenue As of 23 May 2019.
• Gulu Methodist Partnership Incorporated As of 3 February 2017.

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