HMS Speedy (1893)

HMS Speedy was a Alarm-class torpedo gunboat of the British Royal Navy. She was built by Thornycroft from 1892–1894. She was converted to a minesweeper in 1908–1909 and continued these duties during the First World War. Speedy was sunk by a German mine on 3 September 1914.

History
United Kingdom
Name: HMS Speedy
Builder: Thornycroft
Laid down: 4 January 1892
Launched: 18 June 1893
Completed: 20 February 1894
Fate: Sunk 3 September 1914
General characteristics
Class and type: Alarm-class torpedo gunboat
Displacement: 810 long tons (820 t)
Length: 230 ft 0 in (70.10 m) pp
Beam: 27 ft 0 in (8.23 m)
Draught: 12 ft 0 in (3.66 m)
Installed power: 3,500 ihp (2,600 kW)
Propulsion:
Speed: 18.7 kn (21.5 mph; 34.6 km/h)
Complement: 91
Armament:
  • 2 × 4.7 in (120 mm) QF guns
  • 4 × 3-pounder (47 mm ) guns
  • 1 × Gardiner machine gun
  • 3 × 18 inch torpedo tubes

Design and construction

Speedy was one of 11 Alarm-class torpedo gunboats ordered for the Royal Navy under the 1889 Naval Defence Act, which authorised the shipbuilding programme for the next five years, and also included the last two torpedo-gunboats of the Sharpshooter-class and the five torpedo-gunboats of the Dryad-class. The Alarms were slightly modified versions of the previous Sharpshooter-class, with modified engines to improve reliability.[1]

Speedy was 230 feet (70.10 m) long between perpendiculars, with a beam of 27 feet (8.23 m) and a draught of 12 feet (3.66 m). Displacement was 810 long tons (820 t). Speedy differed from other ships of her class in having Thornycroft water-tube boilers rather than the locomotive boilers used for the rest of the class, with three funnels being fitted instead of two. The boilers fed two sets of triple-expansion steam engines rated at 3,500 indicated horsepower (2,600 kW) which gave a design speed of 18.7 knots (21.5 mph; 34.6 km/h).[2] The revised machinery arrangements were much more reliable and made it easier to maintain high speed.[2][3]

The ship was armed with two 4.7 inch (120 mm) QF guns mounted fore and aft on the ships centreline, backed up by four 3-pounder (47 mm) guns (two in single mounts on the ship's beam and two in casemates forward) and a single .45-inch Gardner machine gun. Three 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes were fitted, with one fixed in the ship's bow and the other two on swivelling mounts on the beam.[2][4] The ship had a crew of 91.[2]

HMS Speedy being launched at Chiswick on 18 May 1893

Speedy was laid down at Thornycroft's Chiswick shipyard on 4 January 1892 and was launched on 18 May 1893.[2] She reached a speed of 20.21 knots (23.26 mph; 37.43 km/h) during sea trials, when her engines delivered 4,703 indicated horsepower (3,507 kW).[5] The ship was completed on 20 February 1894.[2]

Service

Speedy was subject to extensive tests of her boilers, which proved successful, demonstrating the reliability and performance of water-tube boilers, helping to pave the way for more widespread use of these boilers by the Royal Navy.[6][7]

In August 1894 Speedy took part in that year's Naval Manoeuvres,[8] In January 1896 Speedy served as despatch vessel to the Channel Squadron,[9] and in July 1896 again took part in the Manoeuvres,[10] On 26 June 1897 Speedy was present at the Jubilee Fleet Review at Spithead,[11] following that by taking part in the Naval Manoeuvres that July.[12]

In 1898, Speedy was deployed to Gibraltar, but was forced to return to Britain to have her boilers re-tubed after suffering problems on the journey out.[13] She later returned to the Mediterranean, where she stayed until returning to Home waters in 1905.[14] Lieutenant William Frederick Blunt was appointed in command on 4 July 1902, and in November that year she travelled to Port Said and through the Suez Canal for a visit to Suez, Suakin, Perim and Hodeida.[15]

In 1906 Speedy was deployed on Coastguard duties at Harwich, and collided with a merchant ship in June that year.[16] Speedy joined the Home Fleet in 1907,[16] and in 1909 was attached to the Nore destroyer flotilla.[17]

Speedy was converted to a minesweeper in 1909,[16] which involved removing the torpedo tubes.[18] She had her boilers re-tubed in 1911,[19] rejoining the Nore division of the Home Fleet after this refit was complete.[20]

First World War

On 19 August 1914, the destroyer Orwell, part of the 7th Destroyer Flotilla, reported being chased by an enemy three-funnelled cruiser of the Königsberg-class or Dresden-class off the Outer Dowsing. After investigation, it was found that the "hostile cruiser" was in fact Speedy.[21]

On the night of 25 August 1914, the German minelayer Nautilus, accompanied by the light cruiser Mainz and the torpedo-boats of the 3rd Half Flotilla, laid a minefield off the mouth of the Humber estuary, while Albatross laid another minefield off the River Tyne. When the minefield was discovered, Speedy and the gunboat Spanker were ordered to clear the minefield off the Humber.[22] On 2 September 1914, Speedy accompanied the drifter Eyrie and two other trawlers to sweep the Humber minefield when Eyrie struck a mine and sunk, killing six of her crew.[23][24] The next day, Speedy and the drifters Lindsell, Wishful and Achievable were again sweeping the Humber field when Lindsell struck a mine and sank, killing five. Speedy lowered boats to rescue the survivors of Lindsell's crew, but struck a mine herself, sinking an hour later. One of Speedy's crew was killed.[23][25][16] The loss of three minesweepers in two days resulted in the Admiralty changing its policy on dealing with minefields – rather than clear entire minefields, clear channels would be swept through minefields to give a safe route for shipping.[26][27]

References
  1. Friedman 2009, p. 33
  2. Chesneau & Kolesnik 1979, p. 89
  3. Brown 2003, p. 116
  4. Friedman 2009, pp. 27, 32
  5. Brassey 1895, p. 215
  6. Brown 2003, p. 137
  7. Brassey 1895, p. 368
  8. Brassey 1895, pp. 62–63, 67
  9. "Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard". The Marine Engineer. Vol. XVII. February 1896. p. 441.
  10. Brassey 1897, pp. 148–158
  11. Brassey 1898, pp. facing page 12, 15
  12. Brassey 1897, pp. 118–119
  13. "Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard". The Marine Engineer. Vol. XX. April 1898. p. 15.
  14. Brassey 1905, p. 433
  15. "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times (36927). London. 17 November 1902. p. 10.
  16. Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 20
  17. "Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard". The Marine Engineer. Vol. XXXI. July 1909. p. 463.
  18. Friedman 2009, p. 27
  19. "Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard". The Marine Engineer. Vol. XXXIII. January 1911. p. 207.
  20. "Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard". The Marine Engineer. Vol. XXXIIII. June 1911. p. 409.
  21. Naval Staff Monograph No. 7 1921, pp. 80, 97
  22. Naval Staff Monograph No. 23 1924, pp. 100–104
  23. "Royal Navy Vessels Lost and Damaged, June to December 1914". World War 1 at Sea. naval-history.net. 1 August 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
  24. Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 241
  25. Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 249
  26. Kemp 1999, p. 7
  27. Naval Staff Monograph No. 24 1924, p. 25
  • Brassey, T. A., ed. (1895). The Naval Annual 1895. Portsmouth, UK: J Griffin and Co.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Brassey, T. A., ed. (1897). The Naval Annual 1897. Portsmouth, UK: J Griffin and Co.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Brassey, T. A., ed. (1898). The Naval Annual 1898. Portsmouth, UK: J Griffin and Co.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Brassey, T. A., ed. (1902). The Naval Annual 1902. Portsmouth, UK: J Griffin and Co.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Brassey, T. A., ed. (1905). The Naval Annual 1905. Portsmouth, UK: J Griffin and Co.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Brown, D. K. (2003). Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development 1860–1905. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-84067-5292.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006). ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 9781861762818.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Dittmar, F. J.; Colledge, J. J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Kemp, Paul (1999). The Admiralty Regrets: British Warship Losses of the 20th Century. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-1567-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Monograph No. 7: The Patrol Flotillas at the Commencement of the War (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). III. Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1921. pp. 71–107.
  • Monograph No. 23: Home Waters Part I: From the Outbreak of War to 27 August 1914 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). X. Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1924.
  • Monograph No. 24: Home Waters Part II: September and October 1914 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). XI. Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1924.
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