Han Youwen

Han Youwen (simplified Chinese: 韩有文; traditional Chinese: 韓有文; pinyin: Hán Yǒuwén; Wade–Giles: Han Yu-wen; October 1912–February 22, 1998)[2][3][4] was an ethnic Salar Muslim General in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, born in Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Qinghai. His Muslim name was Muhammad Habibullah 穆罕默德海比不拉海.[5][6]

In this Chinese name, the family name is Han.
Han Youwen
Major General Han Youwen
Vice Chairman of Xinjiang Province
In office
January 1981 – January 1998
Personal details
BornOctober 1912
Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Qinghai
DiedFebruary 22, 1998 (aged 86)
Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
NationalitySalar
Political partyKuomintang, then Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang
ChildrenHan Zhihua (韓芝華)[1]
Military service
Allegiance Republic of China
 People's Republic of China
Years of service1931–1949
RankMajor General
UnitFirst Cavalry Division of the National Revolutionary Army
CommandsChief of the Kuomintang Qinghai province Police Bureau, commander of KMT First Cavalry Division
Battles/warsLong March, Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese Civil War, Ili Rebellion, Pei-ta-shan Incident

Career

His father's name was Aema 阿额玛. Aema was a Salar Muslim who served in the Gansu Army under Dong Fuxiang in the Boxer Rebellion against the invading Eight-Nation Alliance.[5]

The book, "Who's who in China current leaders" shows that Han Youwen had been the chief of the "Kuomintang Qinghai province Police Bureau", in addition to his military service as commanding the "Kuomintang First Cavalry Division".[7][8]

In 1931, he joined the army under General Ma Bufang.

During World War II, he was an officer in the 5th Cavalry Army's 1st Provisional Cavalry Division.[9] Han survived an aerial bombardment by Japanese planes in Xining in 1941 while he was being directed via telephone from Ma Bufang, who hid in an air raid shelter in a military barracks. The bombing resulted in human flesh splattering a Blue Sky with a White Sun flag and Han being buried in rubble. Han Youwen was dragged out of the rubble while bleeding and he managed to grab a machine gun while he was limping and fired back at the Japanese warplanes and cursed the Japanese as dogs in his native Salar language.

In Xining Han Youwen was the captain of the defense squadron.[10]

Han was transferred from Qinghai to Xinjiang to serve in the 5th Cavalry Army under General Ma Chengxiang in the Ili Rebellion to fight against Soviet backed Uyghur rebels. Han led Chinese Muslim forces in a bloody battle against Soviet Russian and Mongol forces during the Pei-ta-shan Incident,[11][12][13] along with Hui Muslim General Ma Xizhen. As commander of the First Cavalry Division, General Han Youwen was sent to Beitashan by the Kuomintang military command to reinforce Ma Xizhen with a company of troops, approximately three months before the fighting broke out.[14] At Pei-ta-shan, Major General Han Youwen was in command of all the Muslim cavalry defending against Soviet and Mongol forces.[15] Han Youwen said "that he believed the border should be about 40 miles to the north of the mountains" to A. Doak Barnett, an American reporter.[16] Han Youwen's 1st army division received at Beitashan Osman's forces after he retreated in battle. Qitai county was where Han Youwen's 1st army division of the 5th Army was headquartered in 1946, the following year, at the Beitashan incident Ma Xizhen battled the Mongols.[17]

Han Youwen commanded the Pau-an-dui 保安隊 (pacification soldiers), composed of 340 man battalions, of which he had three. They were made out of many troops, including Kazaks, Mongols and White Russians serving the Chinese regime. He served with Osman Batur and his Kazakh forces in battling the ETR Ili Uyghur and Soviet forces around Altai.[18]

As listed in "Who's who in China current leaders", in 1949, during the Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China, he defected to the Communist People's Liberation Army, revolting against the Kuomintang in Urumqi. He continued to serve as an officer from 1949–1953 in the People's Liberation Army, "commander of the 7th Cavalry Division in the 22nd army". In 1953–1954 Han was then transferred to "3rd deputy chief of staff in Xinjiang Military Area Command".

The "China report" reported that in 1985 Han served as vice chairman of the "CPPCC committee" of Xinjiang, also as chairman of the "KMT revolution Committee's" Xinjiang branch. The report also contained a speech Han gave at a meeting.[19]

In 1985 Han Youwen went on Hajj as part of an official delegation from China.[20] Word spread around among Ma Bufang's family and followers from Qinghai who had moved to the Hejaz after the Communist victory that Han Youwen was still alive and they flocked to see him.

A meeting was inaugurated by Han Youwen in 1992.[21] The electorate was put before him.[22] His office was located in Qitai county of Changji Hui autonomous prefecture.[23]

He served as one of the three Vice Chairman of Xinjiang under the Communist state. On January 16, 1993, in the People's Hall of Ürümqi he had been elected by the third session of the fourth CPPCC committee of Xinjiang, his election was reported by the media.[24][25][26]

Letter to Ma Chengxiang

After 38 years of splitting up, with Ma Chengxiang staying loyal to the Kuomintang Republic of China regime, and Han Youwen defecting to the Communist Party and staying on mainland China, Han Youwen contacted Ma Chengxiang, reminiscing about defending Chinese territory in Xinjiang (against the Soviets and Uyghurs), the development of Xinjiang by the Communist party, and Islam.[27][28] Ma Chengxiang met Han Youwen in Hong Kong.[1]

References
  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2011-04-03.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. China directory in pinyin and Chinese. Radiopress. 1987. p. 521. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
  3. Rajio Puresu (1987). Chūgoku soshikibetsu jinmeibo. Rajio Puresu. p. 521. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
  4. Malcolm Lamb (2002). Directory of officials and organizations in China, Volume 1. M.E. Sharpe. p. 1656. ISBN 0-7656-1020-5. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
  5. "然也，韩有文传奇，团结1999年02期". Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  6. "朱国琳，马呈祥在新疆]，[http://szb.chinalxnet.com/html/2011-03/03/content_69672.htm （上接4版），民族日报，2011年3月3日". Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2018-04-23. External link in |title= (help)
  7. "Zhongguo ren ming da ci dian" bian ji bu (1994). Who's who in China current leaders. Foreign Languages Press. p. 185. ISBN 7-119-00725-4. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
  8. 中国人名大词典. 外文出版社. 1989. p. 195. ISBN 0-8351-2352-9.
  9. Charles D. Pettibone (May 2013). The Organization and Order of Battle of Militaries in World War II: Volume VIII ? China. Trafford Publishing. pp. 468–. ISBN 978-1-4669-9646-5.
  10. 全国政协、青海省政协文史资料研究委员会《青海三马》编辑组 (1988). 青海三马. Chinese Literature and History Press. p. 118.
  11. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-19. Retrieved 2016-04-09.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. "南疆起义 赵锡光从国民党中将到共和国第九军军长_多维新闻网". culture.dwnews.com.
  14. David D. Wang (1999). Under the Soviet shadow: the Yining Incident : ethnic conflicts and international rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944-1949. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. p. 274. ISBN 962-201-831-9.
  15. Royal Central Asian Society, London (1949). Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society, Volumes 36-38. Royal Central Asian Society. p. 67.
  16. Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. p. 215. ISBN 0-521-25514-7.
  17. 杨圣敏; 李廷江 (1992). 新疆现代政治社会史略, 1912-1949年. 中国社会科学出版社. pp. 450–451. ISBN 9787500411802.
  18. Royal Central Asian Society, London (1949). Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society, Volumes 36-38. Royal Central Asian Society. p. 71. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
  19. United States. Joint Publications Research Service (1985). China report: political, sociological and military affairs, Issues 19-24. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. p. 103. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
  20. "五十年大事记精选". chinaislam.net.cn.
  21. China news service. October 1992. p. 93.
  22. Da gong bao. p. 193.
  23. 新聞天地. 新聞天地社. 1998. p. 77.
  24. Michael Dillon (2004). Xinjiang: China's Muslim far northwest. Psychology Press. p. 80. ISBN 0-415-32051-8.
  25. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service (1980). Daily report: People's Republic of China, Issues 242-249; Issues 251-253. Distributed by National Technical Information Service. p. 41.
  26. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service (1983). Summary of world broadcasts: Far East, Part 3. Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corp.
  27. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-04-07.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  28. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-18. Retrieved 2016-04-08.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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