Hasan al-Rammah

Hasan al-Rammah (Arabic: حسن الرماح‎) (died 1295) was a Syrian Arab[1][2][3][4] chemist and engineer during the Mamluk Sultanate who studied gunpowders and explosives, and sketched prototype instruments of warfare, including the first torpedo.[5] Al-Rammah called his early torpedo "an egg which moves itself and burns." It was made of two sheet-pans of metal fastened together and filled with naptha, metal filings, and saltpeter. It was intended to move across the surface of the water, propelled by a large rocket and kept on course by a small rudder.[6]

Al-Rammah devised several new types of gunpowder,[7] and he invented a new type of fuse and two types of lighters.[6]

References

Elgood, Robert (1995). Firearms of the Islamic World: In the Tared Rajab Museum, Kuwait. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781850439639.
Pacey, Arnold (1991). Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-year History. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-66072-3.
Partington, J. R. (1999). A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5954-0.
Riper, A. Bowdoin Van (2004). Rockets and Missiles: The Life Story of a Technology. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-32795-7.
Hinds, Joseph (23 February 2009). "Very, Very Early Torpedoes". Great History. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
Partington, James Riddick (1999), A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 203, ISBN 0-8018-5954-9
Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. (1992-03-27). Islamic Technology: An Illustrated History (1st ed.). Cambridge ; New York : Paris: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-42239-0.

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[1] Elgood, Robert (1995). Firearms of the Islamic World: In the Tared Rajab Museum, Kuwait. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781850439639.

[2] Pacey, Arnold (1991). Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-year History. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-66072-3.

[3] Partington, J. R. (1999). A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5954-0.

[4] Riper, A. Bowdoin Van (2004). Rockets and Missiles: The Life Story of a Technology. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-32795-7.

[5] Hinds, Joseph (23 February 2009). "Very, Very Early Torpedoes". Great History. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.

[Partington-6] Partington, James Riddick (1999), A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 203, ISBN 0-8018-5954-9

[7] Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. (1992-03-27). Islamic Technology: An Illustrated History (1st ed.). Cambridge ; New York : Paris: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-42239-0.