Heart of Midlothian F.C.

The club was formed by a group of friends from the Heart of Midlothian Quadrille Assembly Club.[4] The group of friends bought a ball before playing local rules football at the Tron from where they were directed by a local policeman to The Meadows to play. Local rules football was a mix of rugby and association football.[4] In December 1873 a match was held between XIs selected by Mr Thomson from Queens Park and Mr Gardner from Clydesdale at Raimes Park in Bonnington.[9] This was the first time that Association rules had been seen in Edinburgh. Members from the dance club viewed the match and in 1874 decided to adopt the association rules.[10] The new side was Heart of Mid-Lothian Football Club.[4] The exact date of the club's formation was never recorded; however, 1874 is regarded as the year of formation as it was when association rules were taken on,[4] although Tom Purdie claimed the club was formed in 1873.[11] The earliest mention of Heart of Midlothian in a sporting context is a report in The Scotsman newspaper from 20 July 1864 of The Scotsman vs Heart of Mid-Lothian at cricket. It is not known if this was the same club who went on to form the football club, but it was common for football clubs in those days to play other sports as well.[12]

The club took its name from historic county Midlothian, dating from the Middle Ages, as well as the Heart of Midlothian mosaic on the Royal Mile, which marks the historic entrance to The Old Tolbooth jail,[4] which was demolished in 1817 but was kept fresh in the mind by Walter Scott's novel The Heart of Midlothian.[13][14]

Original Hearts strip

Led by captain Tom Purdie the club played its matches in the East Meadows[9] and in 1875 Hearts became members of the Scottish Football Association (SFA) and were founder members of the Edinburgh Football Association.[4] By becoming members of the SFA Hearts were able to play in the Scottish Cup for the first time. Hearts played against 3rd Edinburgh Rifle Volunteers in October 1875 at Craigmount Park[15] in Edinburgh. The game ended in a scoreless draw. A replay was held at the Meadows which again finished 0–0. Under rules at the time both clubs progressed to the next round with Hearts losing out to Drumpellier in the next round.[16]

In the 1884–85 season, clubs in Scotland struggled to attract players, who were attracted to play in England, due to the games professional status there.[4] After an 11–1 win in the Scottish Cup over Dunfermline[17] a protest was raised against the club for fielding two professional players.[4] Hearts were suspended by the SFA for two years as this was against the rules at the time. This was the first suspension of an SFA club.[18] After a change of the clubs' committee the club was readmitted.[4]

Hearts had considerable success in the early years of the Scottish Football League, winning the league championship in 1895 and 1896. They also won four Scottish Cups in a 15-year period from 1891 to 1906. The team played against Sunderland in the 1894–95 World Championship, but lost with a 5–3 score.[19] Hearts did win the World Championship title in 1902, beating Tottenham Hotspur 3–1 in Tynecastle Park, after a 0–0 in London a few months earlier.[20]

Hearts War Memorial

Do not ask where Hearts are playing and then look at me askance. If it's football that you're wanting, you must come with us to France! Sir George McCrae

In November 1914, Heart of Midlothian comfortably led the First Division,[21] having started the 1914–15 season with eight straight victories, including a 2–0 defeat of reigning champions Celtic.[22]

This streak coincided with the start of the First World War and the beginnings of a public debate upon the morality of continuing professional football while young soldiers were dying on the front-line. A motion was placed before the Scottish Football Association to postpone the season, with one of its backers, Airdrieonians chairman Thomas Forsyth declaring that "playing football while our men are fighting is repugnant".[23] While this motion was defeated at the ballot box, with the SFA opting to wait for War Office advice, the East London philanthropist Frederick Charrington was orchestrating a public campaign to have professional football in Britain suspended, and achieving great popular support for his cause.[24] The prime tactic of Charrington's campaign was to shame football players and officials into action through public and private denouncement. In response, sixteen players from Hearts enlisted in Sir George McCrae's new volunteer battalion, joining en masse on 25 November 1914. The battalion was to become the 16th Royal Scots and was the first to earn the "footballer's battalion" sobriquet. The group of volunteers also contained some 500 Hearts supporters and ticket-holders, 150 followers of Hibernian and a number of professional footballers from Raith Rovers, Falkirk and Dunfermline.[25]

Military training was thus added to the Hearts players football training regime, and the side had a 20-game unbeaten run between October and February.[26] However, exhaustion from their army exertions, twice including 10-hour nocturnal-marches the night before a league game,[27] eventually led to a drop in form, as several enlisted players missed key games. Defeats to St Mirren and Morton allowed Celtic to usurp the Maroons and eventually claim the league title by 4 points.[26]

The war claimed the lives of seven first team players: Duncan Currie, John Allan, James Boyd, Tom Gracie, Ernest Ellis, James Speedie and Harry Wattie[28] as well as former player David Philip.

There are two war memorials to mark this period; The McCrae's Battalion Great War Memorial in Contalmaison and the Heart of Midlothian War Memorial in Haymarket, Edinburgh donated to the city by the club in 1922.[29] The latter was placed in storage due to the Edinburgh Trams work[30] but has now been replaced a little to the east of its previous position. A further memorial commemorating the 1914 Hearts team has been proposed by the club.[31] An annual pilgrimage is held by football supporters to Contalmaison every year,[32][33] whilst Hearts hold their memorial services at Haymarket[34] or, whilst it was in storage, at Tynecastle Park.[35]

Hearts collected no senior silverware in the inter war years. Tommy Walker joined the Hearts ground staff aged 16 in February 1932. As Scottish clubs could not then officially sign players until the age of 17, Walker played junior football for Linlithgow Rose until his birthday in May.[36] A talented and elegant inside-forward, Walker quickly earned a place in the Hearts first team, helping the side to victory in the 1933 Jubilee edition of the Rosebery Charity Cup, in a season in which they finished 3rd in the league. He was a regular first team player by 1933–34 but despite some emphatic victories, inconsistent form limited Hearts to a sixth-place finish.

Despite Walker scoring 192 league goals for Hearts and playing in sides boasting numerous internationals, such as Scots Dave McCulloch, Barney Battles, Andy Anderson and Alex Massie, Welshman Freddie Warren and Irishman Willie Reid, Walker was destined not to win a major honour as a player at Tynecastle. The closest Hearts came to success during his period there was a second place league finish in 1937–38.

The first seeds of the Tommy Walker managerial success at Hearts were sown by Davie McLean. On 9 October 1948 after a mediocre start to the 1948–49 season, Hearts' manager McLean gave a competitive first team debut to 20 year old[37] centre forward Willie Bauld[38] and 19 year old inside left Jimmy Wardhaugh,[39] and 22 year old inside right Alfie Conn Sr.[40] had already broken through to the first team so this game marked the first time all three were deployed as a combined attacking force.[41] They became dubbed the Terrible Trio and scored over 900 Hearts goals between them[42] (Wardhaugh 376, Bauld 355, Conn 221).[43] As a unit they played 242 games together.[44] The combination of Wardhaugh's dribbling skills and non-stop running, Bauld's cerebral play and prodigious aerial ability, and Conn's energetic, tenacious style and powerful shooting complemented each other well.[45] Their first match as a forward combination ended in a 6–1 defeat of Scot Symon's East Fife team of the era.[46] This was notable as Symon's team had defeated the Maroons 4–0 three weeks earlier.[47]

A few weeks later in December 1948 Tommy Walker left during his third season at Chelsea to return to Hearts. He took the role of player-assistant to manager McLean. McLean's intention was that Walker would be a steadying influence in a developing young team. However, after a single appearance at right-half in a 1–0 home defeat by Dundee, Walker retired to concentrate fully on learning the managerial ropes.[48] Tangible progress was made in the League Championship in 1949–50 when Hearts finished third. As Tommy Walker had become more influential, McLean was co-opted to the Board on 16 March 1950.[49][46][43]

Chart of Hearts' yearly table positions in The League.

McLean's death on 14 February 1951 saw Walker promoted to the position of manager. Walker's reign was to prove the most successful period in the club's history.[50] Walker was always quick to acknowledge the contribution made by McLean and his fatherly interest in the welfare and development of the players. The important foundations Walker inherited from McLean included the Terrible Trio forwards, the full back pair of Bobby Parker and Tam McKenzie and half backs Bobby Dougan and Davie Laing. To this established core John Cumming had recently broken through to the first team in the left half position he was to dominate for many years. Freddie Glidden was already at Tynecastle but yet to first team debut as was the then schoolboy Dave Mackay. Walker made Parker the team Captain.[46][43]

Mackay's key signing as a professional was under Walker in 1952 (initially part-time whilst also working as a joiner). Mackay's pairing with Cumming at wing half was to become the nucleus of the team in the middle of the pitch. Mackay was a supremely talented all round player of ferocious tackling, endless running and sublime ball control. Cumming's Iron Man nickname says much of his fearless determination. Despite his commitment he retained control of his temper and was never booked in his career. Cumming was the only player to collect medals for all seven of the trophies Hearts won under Walker. "He never had a bad game. It was either a fairly good game or an excellent game," said Mackay later of his former teammate.[51] Both went on to become full Scotland internationalists while playing for Hearts.[46][43]

Bauld's value to the team was underlined in 1952/53, when he missed eight vital league games through ankle injuries. Hearts were struggling, but with Bauld's return to full fitness came a change in fortunes. From the bottom half of the league they surged up the table to finish in fourth place (as they had the two previous seasons). That resurgence also took them to a 1952–53 Scottish Cup semi final against Rangers before 116,262 fans at Hampden Park in Glasgow. Wardhaugh scored in the 2–1 defeat. Hearts were now though on an upward trajectory.[46][43]

In 1953–54, Wardhaugh became the A Division's top scorer with 27 goals as Hearts appeared set to win the League championship. However, on 13 March 1954 in the Scottish Cup quarter final 3–0 defeat away to Aberdeen, Parker broke his jaw, Conn injured his back, and Wardhaugh collected a serious shin bone injury. Dougan already had a lengthy knee injury meaning 9 November 1953 was his last competitive Hearts first team game (Dougan only subsequently played for Hearts in friendlies). Walker immediately tried Glidden to cover and he took over the centre half berth from Dougan. A stuttering end to their season saw Celtic overtake them.[52] The young Mackay was given his first team debut on 7 November of that 1953–54 season one week before his nineteenth birthday. Naturally more left sided than right, Mackay played in the number six jersey normally associated with the absent Cumming. Mackay's next two appearances though weren't until mid March immediately after the Aberdeen cup defeat when again he played in Cumming's position. It wasn't until 17 April 1954 in a 1–0 win at Clyde that Walker first selected Mackay, Glidden and Cumming in the numbers four, five and six.[53][46][43]

The team was boosted by the signing of Ian Crawford in August 1954. Mackay was given his extended place in the team in the 1954–55 season immediately after Laing's 5 September transfer to Clyde. It was from this point that Walker settled on Mackay, Glidden and Cumming as his combination for the number four, five and six jerseys.[54] They promptly became a trophy winning force lifting the first of seven trophies over nine seasons between 1954 and 1963. In October of the 1954–55 season they won their first trophy since 1906, 48 years before. They beat Motherwell 4–2 in the 1954 Scottish League Cup Final. Bauld scored three and Wardhaugh scored one in the final giving the team their break through trophy. Hearts gained some recompense against Celtic from the season before by beating them home and away in that 1954–55 Scottish League Cup group stage.[55][43]

After signing Alex Young and Bobby Kirk, Walker's side proceeded to win the 1955–56 Scottish Cup.[56] They thrashed Rangers 4–0 in the quarter finals with goals from Crawford, Conn and a Bauld double.[57] Cumming's commitment to the team was typified in that 1956 Scottish Cup Final before 132,840 fans. With blood streaming from a first half head injury from a clash with Celtic's Willie Fernie he said, "Blood doesn't show on a maroon jersey". He returned to the playing field in the 3–1 win and was man of the match. That quote is now displayed above the entrance to the players tunnel at Tynecastle. Kirk could play in either full back role[58] and played on the right in the final at the expense of Parker. Glidden lifted the trophy as Hearts captain in what he recalled as the "sweetest" moment in his footballing career.[59][55][43]

Wardhaugh was the top tier's leading scorer again that season. The scorers in the cup final win over Celtic were Crawford with two and one from Conn. Conn ended that 1955–56 season at the peak of his powers aged 29 with a career best 29 goals from 41 games. On 2 May 1956 two weeks after the cup win Conn became the third of the terrible trio to collect a full Scotland cap. At Hampden Park he put his side ahead after 12 minutes in a 1–1 draw with Austria. However the following September he suffered a broken jaw playing against Hibernian keeping him out until January.[60][61] The days of the Terrible Trio as a combined force were nearing their end.[55][43]

17 year old Gordon Marshall debuted in 1956 as did George Thomson in February 1957. Marshall, a future England under 23 internationalist, became a Hearts goalkeeping regular until 1963. Hearts led the Scottish League for most of the 1956–57 season. The title hinged on Rangers visit to Tynecastle on 13 April. A capacity crowd watched a tense game in which Rangers keeper, George Niven, was man of the match. Hearts could not beat him and the only goal came from Billy Simpson of Rangers who scored on the break in 35 minutes. Rangers had games in hand which they won to overtake Hearts and lift the trophy.[55][43]

Walker completed the set of having won all three major Scottish football trophies with the League Championship in 1957–58. Conn suffered a serious ankle injury meaning he only played in five league games all season. Injury hit Conn left Hearts for Raith Rovers in September 1958 just two years after his 1956 zenith. He did so after 408 first team games and 221 goals.[43] With an injury hit Bauld only playing nine times in the league title win a new Hearts attacking trio were dominant. For a third time Wardhaugh was the League's top marksman with 28 strikes. This was one ahead of Jimmy Murray's 27 and four more than Young's 24. Mackay, now Captain, was fourth in Hearts' league scoring charts with 12. Hearts won that League title in 1957–58 with record-breaking points, goals scored and goal difference. Their record from 34 league games of 62 points out of a maximum possible 68 was 13 more than their nearest rival. They scored 132 goals (still the Scottish top tier record) with only 29 against for a record net difference of +103. This was Hearts' greatest ever league side. Murray and Mackay both played for Scotland at the 1958 FIFA World Cup where Murray scored in a 1–1 draw against Yugoslavia. Parker was a fringe player in the league winning season, his last season as a Hearts player. He moved to the club coaching staff before joining the Board of Directors where he also had a spell as chairman.[55][43]

In the 1958–59 Scottish League Cup group stage Hearts eliminated Rangers. That October 1958 Scottish League Cup Final was won with a heavy 5–1 defeat of Partick Thistle. Bauld and Murray each scored two and Johnny Hamilton netted one. Hearts defended their league title by being leaders in mid December. However a side visiting Ibrox missing injured Mackay were beaten 5–0 with all goals in the first 35 minutes. This put Rangers into top position in the table on goal average.[62] This precipitated a run of only two wins from the next seven games without injured Mackay. Hearts beat Queen of the South in a 2–1 home league win on 7 March 1959.[63] After that QoS game Rangers with six games to play were firm favourites for the title, six points ahead of second placed Hearts.[63] Even if Hearts were to win their remaining seven games including a game in hand and beating Rangers in their visit Tynecastle in Rangers' penultimate game of the season,[64] Rangers would still have to drop two points elsewhere and give away a superior goal average.[63] The league game against QoS was Mackay's last for Hearts after they accepted a bid of £32,000 from Tottenham Hotspur for their captain who was fit at this time despite having had lengthy spells out injured in the previous 12 months. Bobby Rankin was brought in to bolster the squad and scored twice in each of his first two games (both victories). On the penultimate Saturday of the league campaign goals by Cumming and Rankin at home to Rangers[65] meant Hearts were four points behind with a game in hand. In midweek they next won 4–2 at Aberdeen with Rankin scoring a hat-trick.[66] The last day of the season began with Rangers two points clear with an identical goal average to Hearts. Rangers thus needed a point to clinch the title but lost 2–1 at home to Aberdeen. Despite missing Bobby Kirk at right back with a knee injury, Rankin's ninth goal from his fifth Hearts game had Hearts 1–0 up at half time at Celtic Park. Any victory would have given Hearts the title. Then Celtic's Bertie Auld playing at left wing equalised before Eric Smith scored Celtic's winning second goal to seal the title for their cross city rivals[67] leaving those at Tynecastle to wonder what would have happened if Mackay hadn't been sold when he was.[55][43]

Mackay's name as a club mainstay at half back was eventually taken over by Billy Higgins. That League Cup win was also Glidden's last trophy as a recurring back injury that season numbered his playing days at Tynecastle. 36 year old MacKenzie left in 1959 as did Wardhaugh. He scored 206 goals in 304 league games and a total of 376 goals in 518 games for Hearts.[43][55]

After collecting three Scottish championships and 19 full Scotland caps at Hibernian, Gordon Smith had a recurring ankle injury leading to his free transfer in 1959. Smith believed that an operation could cure the injury[68] and paid for an operation on the offending ankle himself. He then signed for Hearts, his boyhood heroes.[68] He enjoyed immediate success at Tynecastle, winning both the 1959 Scottish League Cup Final and league title in his first season with the club.[68] Hamilton scored for Hearts in that second successive League Cup Final and Young hit the winner. Third Lanark were beaten 2–1. 1960 ended with Walker being awarded the OBE for services to football.[69][55][43]

The 1960s saw Hearts fortunes fluctuate as Walker attempted to adapt to football's tactical changes by implementing a 4–2–4 formation. Young and Thomson departed for Everton in November 1960. At Everton Young was known as The Golden Vision and became another from the Walker production line of full Scotland internationalists. Smith had an injury hit season leading to his joining Dundee (who became the third club with whom he won the Scottish title). Hearts signed further future full internationalists in Willie Wallace and David Holt. Hearts lost the 1961 Scottish League Cup Final after a replay. Cumming scored a deserved equalising penalty for Hearts in the first game 1–1 draw they largely dominated against the Scot Symon managed Rangers. Norrie Davidson scored a then equalising Hearts goal when they lost in the 3–1 replay defeat.[55][43]

Bauld left Hearts in 1962 with 355 goals from 510 first team appearances.[43] Another future internationalist, Willie Hamilton, joined for the run culminating in the 1962 Scottish League Cup Final win. Hearts won the trophy for a fourth time with a 1–0 final win over Willie Waddell's fine Kilmarnock side of that era. Davidson's goal this time proved decisive. Like in the 1954–55 win Hearts eliminated Celtic in that 1962-63 Scottish League Cup group stage.[55][43]

In 1964–65 Hearts fought out a championship title race with Waddell's Kilmarnock. In the era of two points for a win Hearts were three points clear with two games remaining. Hearts drew with Dundee United meaning the last game of the season with the two title challengers playing each other at Tynecastle would be a league decider. Kilmarnock needed to win by a two-goal margin to take the title. Hearts entered the game as favourites with both a statistical and home advantage. They also had a solid pedigree of trophy winning under Walker. Waddell's Kilmarnock in contrast had been nearly men. Four times in the previous five seasons they had finished league runners-up including Hearts’ triumph in 1960. Killie had also lost three domestic cup finals during the same period including the 1962 League Cup Final defeat to Hearts. Hearts had won five of the six senior cup finals they played in under Walker. Even the final they had lost was in a replay after drawing the first game. Hearts' Roald Jensen hit the post after six minutes. Kilmarnock then scored twice through Davie Sneddon and Brian McIlroy after 27 and 29 minutes. Alan Gordon had an excellent chance to clinch the title for Hearts in second half injury time but was denied by a Bobby Ferguson diving save pushing the ball past the post. The 2–0 defeat meant Hearts lost the title by an average of 0.042 goals.[70][71][72] Subsequently, Hearts were instrumental in pushing through a change to use goal difference to separate teams level on points. Ironically this rule change later denied Hearts the title in 1985–86.[73][43]

Following a slump in results, Walker resigned in September 1966. Under his management Hearts had won 7 senior trophies and been runners up in five others. Cumming left the playing staff a year later and joined the coaching team.[73][43]

The highlight of the late 60s was the run to the 1968 Scottish Cup Final when they lost 3–1 to George Farm's Dunfermline Athletic. The players of greatest note in the late sixties were Jim Cruickshank, Alan Anderson and Donald Ford with Drew Busby joining the three in the 1970s. The high point of the 1970s was another run to the Scottish Cup Final. In 1975–76 they again lost 3–1 in the final this time to Rangers. After the advent of the ten team Premier Division in 1975, Hearts were subsequently relegated for the first time in 1977. This began a sequence of yo-yoing between the Premier League and First Division six times in seven seasons.

On 25 May 1981, 34-year-old Wallace Mercer became chairman after buying a controlling interest in Hearts for £265,000.[74] Hearts had just been relegated from the top flight for the third time in five seasons. The following December (1981), Mercer promoted Alex MacDonald to be Player-Manager. At the end of the 1982–83 season Hearts were promoted back to the top flight. This marked an upturn in their fortunes to rejoin the more competitive clubs in Scotland's top flight. The 1985–86 season was their best since 1965. The league campaign started with the loss of five of the first eight games. From there the club went on a 27-game unbeaten league run, reaching the top of the league on 21 December after a 1–0 win at St Mirren.

Hearts needed a draw from the last game of the season away to Dundee on 3 May 1986 to win the Scottish league title. Before that final game they were two points ahead of Celtic and with a superior goal difference of four goals. However, this strong statistical position was undermined in the run up to the game when several players in the Hearts squad were hit by a viral infection. Craig Levein failed to recover to make the game in Dundee.[75][76] Celtic were 4–0 up away at St Mirren at half time in their final fixture. Thus, at half time the players knew that they would have to deliver a result at Dens Park. Substitute Albert Kidd forced Hearts to concede a corner kick with seven minutes remaining. The in-swinging corner was touched on and fell to Kidd who put Dundee ahead. This was the first goal Hearts had conceded from a corner all season. Hearts now needed an equaliser to win the title. However, Kidd went on a run with the ball from the halfway line down the right wing beating two Hearts players. After then playing a one-two with a teammate on the edge of the Hearts box he finished to score a second with four minutes left. Dundee won 2–0.[77] This combined with Celtic winning 5–0 against St Mirren meant the top two clubs finished the season on the same number of points. Hearts lost out to Celtic by a goal difference of three. Had goal difference been the rule in 1965 Hearts would have been champions; had goal average still applied in 1986, they would have won the league. Hearts lobbying after the league loss in 1965 cost them the title in 1986.

Hearts had been chasing a League and Scottish Cup double. After eliminating Rangers and Jim McLean's Dundee United they faced Alex Ferguson's Aberdeen in the final; Aberdeen won 3–0 meaning Hearts finished runners-up as they had in the league.[78]

Hearts finished league runners-up again in 1988 and 1992. The club reached the quarter-finals of the 1988–89 UEFA Cup losing out to Bayern Munich 2–1 on aggregate. After MacDonald's summer 1990 departure the club struggled to settle on a manager. Within a two-year period, Joe Jordan, Sandy Clark and Tommy McLean were all sacked. From April 1989 to April 1994, Hearts went on a run of 22 games in a row without defeat against arch-rivals Hibernian in the Edinburgh Derby.

In 1994 Mercer sold his shares in Hearts to Chris Robinson and Leslie Deans. Under Mercer, Hearts finished second in the Scottish top tier three times and once in the Scottish Cup, but his time at the helm concluded without senior silverware. His personal influence at the club is perhaps best remembered with an attempted merger with Hibs in 1990. Seen by Hibs fans as an attempted take over to liquidate their club, Mercer's attempts were met with bitterness and acrimony before he backed away.[74][79]

In 1998, Hearts beat Rangers 2–1 to lift the Scottish Cup under the management of ex Hearts player, Jim Jefferies. Colin Cameron scored a first-minute penalty and Stephane Adam added after half time. This was Hearts' first senior trophy win since the 1962–63 Scottish League Cup won in the Tommy Walker era.

Hearts finished third in 2003 and 2004, and reached the inaugural group stages of the UEFA Cup in 2004–05, but finished bottom of their group, despite Robbie Neilson's goal giving a 2–1 victory over FC Basel. During the 2004–05 season, they finished fifth in the league.

In 2004, then club CEO Chris Robinson announced plans to sell Tynecastle, which he claimed was "not fit for purpose", and instead have Hearts rent Murrayfield from the Scottish Rugby Union.[80] This move was deemed necessary due to the club's increasingly large debt. The plan was very unpopular with supporters, and a campaign, entitled Save Our Hearts, was set up to try to block the move.[81] As Robinson and his supporters had a slight majority of the club's shares, a preliminary deal to sell the stadium was struck with the Cala property development company for just over £20 million.[82]

In August 2004 the midst of Hearts' financial difficulties Russian-Lithuanian multi-millionaire Vladimir Romanov entered into talks to take over Hearts[83] in what was dubbed the "Romanov Revolution". Romanov had already made failed attempts[84] to purchase Dundee United,[84] Dundee[84] and Dunfermline.[84] Romanov offered the prospect of the club staying at a redeveloped Tynecastle,[83][85] which was very attractive to Hearts supporters.[86] At the end of September 2004 Chris Robinson agreed to sell his 19.6% stake to Romanov.[87] Romanov called an extraordinary general meeting in January 2005 so that the club could pass a motion to exercise the escape clause in the deal with Cala Homes.[88][89] The backing of Leslie Deans[89] and the McGrail brothers[89] meant that the motion was passed with over 70% support.[90] The sale of Robinson's shares was completed on 2 February 2005[91] after Romanov made financial guarantees that the club could continue to trade without selling Tynecastle.[92] This sale increased Romanov's stake to 29.9%,[91] giving him effective control of the club.[91] Romanov's takeover was welcomed by a fans' representative.[91] Romanov increased his shareholding in Hearts to 55.5% on 21 October 2005,[93] and offered to buy the rest of the shares.[93] Chairman George Foulkes sold his shares to Romanov[93] and encouraged others to do likewise.[93] Romanov eventually increased his majority share in Hearts to 82%.[94]

Romanov's management of the club's debt became a cause for concern.[95] During his takeover Romanov pledged to eradicate the club's debt. Soon after the takeover was completed, the debt was transferred from HBOS and SMG to the financial institutions controlled by Romanov, Ūkio bankas and UBIG. At the end of July 2007 the club were £36M in debt.[95] On 7 July 2008, Hearts issued a statement that stated the club would issue debt for equity to reduce the debt by £12M.[96] A further issue was completed in 2010.[97] Since the takeover Hearts had failed to pay players wages on time on several occasions,[98][99][100] and were threatened with administration twice[101] due to failure to pay an outstanding tax bills with the bill finally being settled in August 2011.[102] Results released for the financial year ending 31 July 2010 showed that Hearts had made a small profit for the first time since 1999, although they were still heavily in debt.[103]

Hearts' first manager of the Romanov era was George Burley, who was appointed[104] during close season by new chief executive Phil Anderton, who replaced Chris Robinson as chief executive.[105] With their new manager and signings, Hearts got off to a tremendous start in the 2005–06 season. The team won their first eight league matches,[106] equalling a club record set in 1914.[106] Romanov shocked Scottish football[107] by sacking George Burley on the following day whilst Hearts were sitting top of the SPL table;[107] Hearts ultimately finished second.[108] Hearts fans were led to expect a "top class manager"[107] would replace Burley. Kevin Keegan,[109] Bobby Robson,[110] Claudio Ranieri[111] and Ottmar Hitzfeld[112] were all linked with the vacancy. Anderton, who had been making the approaches for these coaches, was sacked by Romanov on 31 October 2005.[113] Foulkes, who had helped to bring Romanov to the club in the first place,[114] resigned in protest at Anderton's dismissal.[113] Romanov replaced both of them with his son, Roman Romanov.[113] This proved to be a feature of his time at the club, going through nine[115] permanent managers in seven years.[116] The next managerial change after those came on 1 August 2011 when Jim Jefferies was sacked[117] during his second spell at the club and replaced by former Sporting CP boss Paulo Sérgio.[118]

Romanov stated that his ultimate aim was for Hearts to win the Champions League.[119] Hearts competed in the Champions League during season 2006–07 but progressed only as far the second qualifying round before dropping down to the UEFA Cup.[120] Since then Hearts have been unable to split the Old Firm for a second time[121] to earn a Champions League place. Hearts target became finishing third or above in the SPL.[122]

Romanov also owned the Lithuanian club FBK Kaunas[123] and Belarusian club FC Partizan Minsk.[124] Several players were loaned by FBK Kaunas to Hearts when Romanov acquired control of the club.[125]

The club began experiencing severe financial problems in November 2011, which meant they were unable to pay the players' wages,[126] and the club was put up for sale.[127] The squad's October salaries were late and the November wages were paid twenty-nine days late, just one day before their December salaries were due.[128] The December pay failed to arrive on time,[129] and a complaint was lodged with the Scottish Premier League by the players' union.[130] During this period the club advised fringe players they were free to leave the club. On 4 January 2012 the SPL ordered Hearts to pay all outstanding wages by 11 January 2012 and insisted that January's wages had to be paid on time on 16 January.[131] Hearts paid all outstanding wages that day following the sale of Eggert Jónsson to Wolves.[132] On 17 January, the day after Hearts' wages were due to be paid, it was revealed all players had been paid.[133] Despite this, the SPL issued a statement saying Hearts had failed to pay all players on 16 January and an emergency board meeting had been called;[134] Hearts refuted this, saying payment of the remuneration had been made to all players.[135] On 7 November 2012, Hearts were issued with a winding-up order by the Court of Session in Edinburgh after failing to pay a tax bill on time.[136]

In early June 2013, during the close season, a Hearts media statement stated that they would need to raise £500,000 in capital to keep the club up and running during the break between seasons. With no match day income coming in and a lack of finance from owner Romanov, the club were left in a position where they had to put their whole squad up for sale.

On 17 June 2013, Heart of Midlothian began the process of entering into administration with debts of £25 million, owing recently bankrupt Ukio bankas £15 million.[137]

On 18 June 2013, a Scandinavian consortium offered to pay the club £500,000 immediately in return for a share of any future transfer income from up to 12 players; this was rejected by Hearts. The process of entering administration began on 19 June 2013 when the club's parent company, Ukio Bankas Investment Group (UBIG), filed papers at the Court of Session on Edinburgh for accountancy firm BDO to be named as administrators.[138][139]

On 17 June 2013 Hearts announced that they had lodged court papers stating their intention to enter administration, and on 19 June 2013 the administrators BDO were appointed to run the club.[140] This meant that the club was unable to register players over 21 until February 2014 at the earliest. As long as they were still in administration they would not be able to bring in players of any age.[141]

As well as the signing embargo, Hearts were to be deducted a third of the previous season's points tally which meant the club would start the 2013–2014 season with −15 points. During this period the BDO administrator Trevor Birch pleaded with Hearts fans to purchase season tickets and stated that they needed to sell at least another 3000 season tickets to raise another £800,000 to keep the club running and avoiding liquidation. The fans met this number and took total season ticket sales beyond the 10,000 mark, giving the club more survival time.[142] A deadline of 12 July 2013 was set for interested parties to put in formal bids for the club;[143] there were three bids entered for the club which were received from the supporters group "The Foundation of Hearts",[144] the second from a new company called "HMFC limited" which was backed by American firm Club Sports 9 and a third from former Livingston FC owner Angelo Massone through Five Star Football Limited.[145]

On 15 August 2013, "The Foundation of Hearts" were given preferred bidders status to make a CVA with Hearts' creditors. The money that the foundation used to purchase the club came from monthly donations from fans; the foundation received an interest-free loan from a wealthy fan, which was to be paid back using the monthly direct debts from the fans.[146] On 2 December, Hearts' creditors agreed to the CVA deal proposed by "The Foundation of Hearts".[147]

The club's relegation from the Scottish Premiership was confirmed on 5 April 2014.[148] Hearts won 4–2 away to Partick Thistle, but St Mirren beat Motherwell 3–2, making it impossible for Hearts to catch up.[149]

On Monday 12 May 2014, The Ann Budge fronted Bidco 1874 took control of Heart of Midlothian Plc, thus bringing to an end to Vladimir Romanov's involvement with the club. Budge, who fronted and financed the Bidco 1874 group which took over the reins at the club, became an unpaid executive chairwoman of the club. The Bidco group planned to hold the club for a possible five years, before the fans backed Foundation of Hearts supporters group take control. The Foundation put in £1 million for the running of the club until the final legal exit of administration. The Foundation then paid a further £2.6 million (£2.5m to cover the loan given by Bidco1874 Ltd to Hearts to finance the Creditors' Voluntary Agreement + £100,000 for the shares) to take 75% of the shares in the club and with that the running and decision making within the club. In addition, the Foundation also committed itself to provide a further £2.8m (£1.4m per year for two years) working capital for the club. Funding for the deal came from 8000+ people donating cash via a monthly direct debit.[150][151]

The club officially exited administration on 11 June 2014, also bringing to an end the signing embargo that had been imposed upon the club a year earlier.[152]

Hearts earned an immediate return to the Scottish Premiership by clinching the 2014–15 Scottish Championship title with seven games remaining.[153] Hearts remained undefeated for the first 20 league matches before a 3–2 home defeat to Falkirk ended that run.[154] They won the title, winning 29 of 36 games, scoring 96 goals, conceding just 26 goals with a points total of 91.[155] They finished the season 21 points ahead nearest challengers city-rivals Hibernian and 24 points ahead of third placed Rangers. The season included handing Cowdenbeath a joint club record defeat 10–0.[156] At the PFA Scotland Awards, Hearts had six players named in Championship Team of the Year,[157] two Young Player of the Year nominees,[158] three Championship Player of the Year nominees,[159] and Neilson shortlisted for Manager of the Year.[160]

This period of renewed stability unravelled in the years following 2015. Despite finishing as runners up in the 2019 Scottish Cup Final, the club could only achieve mid-table placings in 2017, 2018 and 2019. This decline took a turn for the worse in 2019–20, and Hearts were relegated after finishing bottom of the Scottish Premiership, having won only four matches across the course of the season (which had been truncated due to the COVID-19 pandemic).[161] Their relegation was confirmed in June 2020, after league reconstruction talks instigated by Budge collapsed. The club confirmed that they would be pursuing legal action against the SPFL following their demotion to the Scottish Championship.[162] The legal action failed, as a Scottish Football Association arbitration panel ruled that the SPFL had acted within its powers.[163]

Robbie Neilson was appointed as Hearts manager for a second time in June 2020, signing a three-year deal.[164] Former manager Jim Jefferies was recruited as an advisor to the board and manager in July.[165] In August 2020, Andrew McKinlay was appointed as the club's new Chief Executive.[166]

The Scottish Cup is the oldest national trophy in world football. Above, it is draped in maroon and white ribbons following Heart of Midlothian's 5–1 victory over Edinburgh rivals Hibernian in the 2012 final.

• Scottish Premiership and predecessors (1890–present):
  • Champions (4): 1894–95, 1896–97, 1957–58, 1959–60
  • Runners–up (14): 1893–94, 1898–99, 1903–04, 1905–06, 1914–15, 1937–38, 1953–54, 1956–57, 1958–59, 1964–65, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1991–92, 2005–06
• Scottish Cup (1874–present):
  • Winners (8): 1890–91, 1895–96, 1900–01, 1905–06, 1955–56, 1997–98, 2005–06, 2011–12
  • Runners–up (8): 1902–03, 1906–07, 1967–68, 1975–76, 1985–86, 1995–96, 2018–19, 2019–20
• Scottish League Cup (1947–present):
  • Winners (4): 1954–55, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1962–63
  • Runners–up (3): 1961–62, 1996, 2012–13

• Scottish Championship (second tier, 1893–present):
  • Winners: 1979–80, 2014–15
  • Runners–up: 1977–78, 1982–83
• Victory Cup (1919):
  • Runners–up: 1919
• Inter City Football League (1899–1904): 1901–02, 1902–03
• Edinburgh Football League/East of Scotland League (1894–1908): 1894–95, 1895–96, 1896–97, 1897–98, 1898–99, 1899–00, 1903–04 (7, record)[199]
• North-Eastern Cup (1908–1914): 1909–10, 1912–13[199]
• Rosebery Charity Cup (1882–1945): 32 times (record)[200]
• Wilson Cup (1906–1946): 21 times (record)[201]
• East of Scotland Shield (1875–1990): 48 times[202]
• Dunedin Cup (1909–1933): 13 times (record)[203]
• Festival Cup (2003–2004): 2003, 2004
• Football World Championship:
  • Champions: 1902
  • Runners–up: 1895

As of 1 February 2021[215]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 1 GK  SCO Craig Gordon 2 DF  NIR Michael Smith 3 DF  IRL Aidy White 4 DF  SCO John Souttar (vice-captain) 5 MF  AUT Peter Haring 6 DF  SCO Christophe Berra 7 MF  SCO Jamie Walker 9 FW  CIV Armand Gnanduillet 10 FW  NIR Liam Boyce 13 GK  SCO Ross Stewart (on loan from Livingston) 14 FW  SCO Steven Naismith (captain) 15 FW  SCO Craig Wighton 16 MF  SCO Andy Halliday 17 MF  SCO Gary Mackay-Steven

No. Pos. Nation Player 18 MF  IRL Aaron McEneff 19 MF  SCO Andy Irving 21 DF  SCO Stephen Kingsley 22 MF  FRA Loïc Damour 23 GK  CZE Zdeněk Zlámal 24 MF  ENG Elliott Frear 25 DF  SCO Jamie Brandon 26 DF  SCO Craig Halkett 28 DF  ROU Mihai Popescu 29 MF  CUW Gervane Kastaneer (on loan from Coventry City) 30 MF  ENG Josh Ginnelly (on loan from Preston North End) 31 FW  SCO Euan Henderson 36 MF  SCO Scott McGill

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player — GK  IRL Colin Doyle (on loan at Kilmarnock) — GK  SCO Harry Stone (on loan at Spartans) — DF  SCO Cammy Logan (on loan at Cove Rangers) — DF  SCO Jay Sandison (on loan at Linlithgow Rose) — DF  SCO Leon Watson (on loan at Bonnyrigg Rose) — MF  SCO Harry Cochrane (on loan at Montrose) — MF  SCO Chris Hamilton (on loan at Stirling Albion)

No. Pos. Nation Player — MF  ENG Olly Lee (on loan at Gillingham) — MF  SCO Lewis Moore (on loan at Arbroath) — MF  SCO Connor Smith (on loan at Cove Rangers) — FW  SCO Leeroy Makovora (on loan at Gala Fairydean Rovers) — FW  ENG Jordan Roberts (on loan at Motherwell) — FW  SCO Sean Ward (on loan at Gala Fairydean Rovers)

For more information on reserves and under-20s, see Heart of Midlothian F.C. Reserves and Academy

For more information on Hearts Women squad, see Heart of Midlothian W.F.C. § Players

For more information on Hearts Women staff, see Heart of Midlothian W.F.C. § Coaching Staff

• Hoggan, Andrew (1995). Hearts in Art (Hardback). Mainstream. ISBN 1-85158-736-5.