Henri Picard

Henri Albert Picard was born in Etterbeek, a suburb of Brussels, in Belgium. He entered the Ecole Militaire on 26 December 1936 to train as a Belgian Army officer for the Chasseurs Ardennais. During training he developed a fascination for aviation, extended his service contract in November 1937 and entered the Ecole d'Aeronautique in December 1938 to train as an air observer, graduating as a sous-lieutenant d'Aeronautique in June 1939 but now determined to become a pilot he trained to fly at the Ecole de Pilotage in January 1940.[1][2]

After the German invasion of Belgium in May 1940 the school was evacuated to France and then to Algeria and on to Morocco. On 28 June 1940 he and 59 other Belgian pilot students of the 83rd Class travelled to Gibraltar and sailed for the United Kingdom, arriving on 14 July 1940. At RAF Gloucester he was commissioned pilot officer in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR) on 8 November 1940 and completed his pilot training surviving a taxiing crash in January 1941. Picard received his operational training in Scotland at No. 58 Operational Training Unit at RAF Grangemouth in July 1941 and in August joined No. 131 Squadron RAF in the Belgian flight. On 28 September 1941 in England while taxiing Picard failed to see a Miles Magister aircraft on the runway at RAF Atcham airfield in Shropshire and collided with it killing two fellow pilots.[3] On 14 November 1941 he was posted to No. 350 (Belgian) Squadron at RAF Valley in Wales, flying convoy escorts in Supermarine Spitfire fighters until April 1942 when they transferred to RAF Kenley for fighter sweeps over occupied France.[4][5][6]

Spitfires of No. 350 Squadron at RAF Kenley

Picard was awarded the croix de guerre avec two palms after he shot down two Luftwaffe Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighters over Sangatte at about 16:50 hours GMT during an operation flown on 29 June 1942.[7] On 16 August 1942 flying Supermarine Spitfire Mark Vb (serial number "EN796") he was flying on a low level ground attack operation near Merville during which a fellow pilot crash landed after hitting a water tower and Picard only just made it home, his own aircraft severely damaged after striking high tension cables.[8] Picard was involved in the combat supporting the amphibious landings at Dieppe on 19 August 1942 and shared in the destruction of a Luftwaffe Focke-Wulf Fw 190.[9]

On 27 August 1942, Picard took part in a mission over Occupied France known as "Circus 208" flying Supermarine Spitfire Mark Vb (serial number "BM297") during which he was shot down by Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighters over the English Channel off Abbeville area around mid-day. On the same day, also flying a Spitfire, Halldor Espelid, a Norwegian "Great Escaper" was also shot down and taken prisoner just a few miles distant.[10] Picard baled out and parachuted into the sea wounded only to spend almost 6 days adrift before being washed up on the French coast and made prisoner of war.[11]

Following his recovery in hospital, Picard was held as Prisoner No. 685 at Stalag Luft III in the province of Lower Silesia near the town of Sagan (now Żagań in Poland). During his time in captivity, he was promoted flying officer and then acting flight lieutenant, and as a meticulously skilled artist he was one of the fifty document forgers working alongside Gordon Brettell, Romualdas Marcinkus and Tim Walenn,[12] and modelled perfect replica German rifles (carbines) for the use of men trying to escape in German uniform.[13]

Model of Stalag Luft III prison camp.

Picard was one of the 76 men who escaped the prison camp on the night of 24–25 March 1944, in the escape now famous as "the Great Escape".[14]

Travelling in a group of four escapees with Gordon Brettell and Picard as Frenchmen and Romualdas Marcinkus and Tim Walenn as Lithuanians, all posing as foreign labourers they managed to board a train heading towards Frankfurt (Oder),[15] and Danzig (now Gdansk, Poland).[16] Most likely, they intended to travel to East Prussia and over the Lithuanian border hoping to cross the Baltic Sea to neutral Sweden. When the Germans discovered the escape they began manhunts. Picard and the group travelled further than most of the escapees, but were captured by the Gestapo near Schneidemühl on 26 March. The party of four were brought to Stalag XX-B,[17] and spent the night there, their presence being carefully recorded by the camp sergeant-major who issued them with clothing more suited to a prisoner of war in the hope of avoiding the possibility of them being charged with espionage. On the following day they were handed over to the Danzig Gestapo.[18] Its officials took the men to a forest near Prusce and executed them[19] on 29 March his body was cremated in Danzig's Gestapo crematorium.[20][21]

Picard was one of the 50 escapers who had been listed by SS-Gruppenfuhrer Arthur Nebe to be killed,[22] so was amongst those executed and murdered by the Gestapo.[23][24][25] Originally his remains were buried at Sagan, but he is now buried in part of the Poznan Old Garrison Cemetery beside his brother escapers.[26] He is commemorated by name on the "North Weald Memorial" at St Andrews Church, North Weald.[27]

Picard's name was amongst those in the list of the murdered prisoners which was published when news broke on or about 20 May 1944.[28]

Memorial to "The Fifty" down the road toward Żagań (Picard at right)

A memorial plaque in his name was unveiled at Beauvechain air force based in Belgium on 1 December 1951.[29]

Some his private papers from 1940 survive in the Imperial War Museum in London.[30] Examples of excellent caricatures drawn by Picard have survived.

• Order of Leopold, Knight's Cross.[31]
• Croix de guerre (Belgium) avec 2 Palmes – June 1942 for success as a fighter pilot.[32][33] received on 21 July 1942.[34]
• Mention in Despatches in June 1944 by the Royal Air Force for his bravery as a prisoner of war, as none of the other relevant British decorations then available could be awarded posthumously.

The Gestapo executed a group of 50 of the recaptured prisoners representing almost all of the nationalities involved in the escape. Post-war investigations saw a number of those guilty of the murders tracked down, arrested and tried for their crimes.[35][36][37]

Nationalities of the 50 executed

21 British

6 Canadian

6 Polish

5 Australian

3 South African

2 New Zealanders

2 Norwegian

1 Belgian

1 Czechoslovak

1 Frenchman

1 Greek

1 Lithuanian

Notes

Bibliography

• Andrews, Allen (1976). Exemplary Justice. Harrap. ISBN 0-245-52775-3.
• Ash, William; Foley, Brendan (2005). Under the Wire: The Wartime Memoir of a Spitfire Pilot, Legendary Escape Artist and 'Cooler King'. Bantam. ISBN 978-0-593-05408-6.
• Barris, Ted (2014). The Great Escape. Dundurn Publishing. ISBN 978-1459728448.
• Brickhill, Paul (2004). The Great Escape. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-32579-9.
• Burgess, Alan (1990). The Longest Tunnel: The True Story of World War II's Great Escape. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-097-9.
• Clark, Albert P. (2005). 33 Months as a POW in Stalag Luft III: A World War II Airman Tells His Story. Fulcrum Pub. ISBN 978-1-55591-536-0.
• Durand, Arthur A. (1 January 1989). Stalag Luft III: The Secret Story. Patrick Stephens Limited. ISBN 978-1-85260-248-2.
• Feast, Sean (2015). The Last of the 39-ers. Grub Street. ISBN 978-1909166158.
• Foreman, John (2004). RAF Fighter Command Victory Claims, Part Two. Walton-on-Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 0-9538061-8-9.
• Franks, Norman (1998). RAF Fighter Command Losses. Midland Counties. ISBN 1-85780-075-3.
• Shores, Christopher (2004). Those Other Eagles. Grub Street. ISBN 1-904010881.
• Franks, Norman (1979). Greatest Air Battle: Dieppe. London: Harper. ISBN 0718303962.
• Guhnfeldt, Cato (2009). Spitfire Saga Volume II. Wings Publishing. ISBN 978-8205452978.
• Ulstein, Ragnar (1979). England Pace. Oslo Samlaget. ISBN 8252109837.
• Vance, Jonathan F. (2000). A Gallant Company. Pacifica Military. ISBN 978-0-935-55347-5.
• Walker, Frank (2015). Commandos: Heroic and Deadly ANZAC Raids. Import Aus. ISBN 978-0733631535.

• Project Lessons from the Great Escape (Stalag Luft III), by Mark Kozak-Holland. The prisoners formally structured their work as a project. This book analyses their efforts using modern project management methods.