Hesperetin

Hesperetin is the 4'-methoxy derivative of eriodictyol, a flavanone. Hesperetin's 7-O-glycoside, hesperidin, is a naturally occurring flavanon-glycoside, the main flavonoid in lemons and sweet oranges.[1] Hesperetin (and naringenin, the parent flavanone of naringin) are not found to a significant extent in Citrus spp.[2]

Hesperetin
Names
IUPAC name
(S)-2,3-Dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.538
EC Number
  • 208-290-2
KEGG
UNII
Properties
C16H14O6
Molar mass 302.282 g·mol−1
Melting point 226–228 °C (439–442 °F; 499–501 K)
Solubility in other solvents Sol. EtOH, alkalis
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Glycosides

A variety of glycosides of hesperetin are known, including:

  • Hesperidin (hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside) is a water-insoluble flavonoid glycoside whose solubility is below 5 μg/ml in water.[3] Hesperidin is found in citrus fruits and upon ingestion it releases its aglycone, hesperetin.
  • Neohesperidin is the 7-O-neohesperidoside of hesperetin.
  • Hesperetin-7-O-α-L-Rhamnopyranoside (CAS 66513-83-5) is found in the roots of clammy cherry [4] (Cordia obliqua a.k.a. Cordia obliqua var. wallichii[5]).

Metabolism

Hesperidin 6-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-β-D-glucosidase is an enzyme that uses hesperidin and H2O to produce hesperetin and rutinose. It is found in the hyphomycetes species Stilbella fimetaria.

Effects

Hesperetin was found to be affecting the slow inactivation phase of inward sodium current channels (INa) and therefore could be used as a template to develop drugs against lethal cardiac arrhythmias in LQT3.[6]

References
  1. "Hesperetin".
  2. Lewinsohn, E; Britsch, L; Mazur, Y; Gressel, J (1989). "Flavanone Glycoside Biosynthesis in Citrus: Chalcone Synthase, UDP-Glucose:Flavanone-7-O-Glucosyl-Transferase and -Rhamnosyl-Transferase Activities in Cell-Free Extracts". Plant Physiology. 91 (4): 1323–1328. doi:10.1104/pp.91.4.1323. PMC 1062186. PMID 16667183.
  3. Majumdar S.; Srirangam, R. (2009). "Solubility, stability, physicochemical characteristics and in vitro ocular tissue permeability of hesperidin: a natural bioflavonoid". Pharm. Res. 26 (5): 1217–1225. doi:10.1007/s11095-008-9729-6. PMC 2664388. PMID 18810327.
  4. http://ccd.chemnetbase.com/AAA00.entry?parentCHNumber=CNB06-R:CNB07-S%5B%5D
  5. http://www.newcropslisting.info/listing/species_pages_C/Cordia_obliqua.htm%5B%5D
  6. Alvarez‐Collazo, Julio; López‐Requena, Alejandro; Galán, Loipa; Talavera, Ariel; Alvarez, Julio L.; Talavera, Karel (27 March 2019). "The citrus flavanone hesperetin preferentially inhibits slow‐inactivating currents of a long QT syndrome type 3 syndrome Na+ channel mutation". British Journal of Pharmacology. 176 (8): 1090–1105. doi:10.1111/bph.14577. PMC 6451064. PMID 30650182.
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