Huehuetla Tepehua
Huehuetla Tepehua is a moribund Tepehua language spoken in Huehuetla, northeastern Hidalgo, Mexico. There are fewer than 1,500 speakers left according to Susan Smythe Kung (2007).
| Huehuetla Tepehua | |
|---|---|
| Lhiimaqalhqama7 | |
| Native to | Mexico |
| Region | northeastern Hidalgo, Mexico |
Native speakers | 1,500 (2007)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tee |
| Glottolog | hueh1236 |
| ELP | Huehuetla Tepehua[2] |
Syntax
Word order tends to be VSO, although it can be SVO at times (Kung 2007).
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain | Lateral | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||
| Stop | Plain | p | t | k | q | ʔ | ||
| Ejective | p' | t' | k' | |||||
| Voiced | (b) | (d) | (g) | |||||
| Affricate | Plain | ts | tʃ | |||||
| Ejective | ts' | tʃ' | ||||||
| Fricative | s | ɬ | ʃ | h | ||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||||
The voiced stops /b/, /d/, and /g/, as well as the flap /ɾ/ and the trill /r/, appear only in loanwords and ideophones. In younger speakers, the uvular /q/ has merged with the glottal stop /ʔ/.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Low | a |
Morphology
Huehuetla Tepehua has a large variety of affixes (Kung 2007).
- Valency-changing affixes
- Reflexive -kan
- Reciprocal laa-
- Dative -ni
- Causative maa-
- Instrumental puu-
- Comitative t'aa-
- Applicative lhii-
- Aspectual derivational affixes
- Inchoative ta-
- Imminent ti-
- Roundtrip kii-
- Ambulative -t'ajun
- Begin -tzuku
- Desiderative -putun
- Repetitive -pala
- Again -choqo
- All -qoju
- Distal -chaa and Proximal -chii
- Derivative affixes
- Agent nominalizer –nV7
- Non-agentive nominalizers –ti and -nti
- Deverbalizer -n
- Instrumental prefixes paa- and lhaa-
- Locative prefix puu-
- Applicative prefix lhii-
- Comitative prefix t'aa-
References
- Huehuetla Tepehua at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Endangered Languages Project data for Huehuetla Tepehua.
- Kung, Susan Smythe. 2007 A Descriptive Grammar of Huehuetla Tepehua. Ph.D. dissertation: The University of Texas at Austin.
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