Hurricane Flossy (1956)

This was the first hurricane to cause significant disruption to oil refining in the Gulf of Mexico.[9] Several hundred active wells went out of service, and drilling came to a halt for a few days during and after the cyclone's passage. One of Humble company's tenders saw three-quarters of its mooring chains compromised, which swung it around into an adjacent oil platform, causing $200,000 in damage (1956 USD).[10] The cost to downtime in production was greater than the damage Flossy created to the oil rigs.[11] There was no loss of life.[12] Due to the impact of Flossy on oil refining in the Gulf of Mexico, the American Petroleum Institute formed a committee called Fundamental Research on Weather Forecasting. Their goal was to use mathematical models and historic data to better predict hurricane formation and path. Studies went on into 1962, but no reliable forecast mechanism was found.[11]

In Louisiana, wind-blown sand from the beach spread over area highways due to the hurricane.[13] A total of 16.70 inches (424 mm) of rainfall fell at Golden Meadow, Louisiana. Burrwood, Louisiana's pressure fell to 29.03 inHg (983.1 hPa or mb). Hundreds lost their homes in the storm. The storm surge was significant enough to submerge Grand Isle, Louisiana. At Ostrica Lock, the storm tide reached 13 feet (4.0 m). Extensive coastal erosion was caused by the cyclone across the Mississippi Delta. In New Orleans, Louisiana, about 2.5 square miles (6.5 km²) were flooded as portions of the seawall were overtopped. Cattle drowned across the region, and crops such as citrus, sugar cane, and pecan were heavily damaged.[14]

Winds as high as 66 mph (106 km/h) struck coastal Mississippi.[15] A total of 16.30 inches (414 mm) of rain fell at Gulf Shores. In Montgomery, Alabama, the tent used to house the Eastern Hills Baptist Church was destroyed.[16] Across northern Florida, southern Alabama, and Georgia, Flossy was considered drought-breaking.[17] In southwest Georgia, high winds from Flossy damaged the corn and cotton crops.[13] The lowest pressure reported was 28.93 inches/979.8 hPa or mb at Pensacola Naval Air Station.[5] The storm tide at Laguna Beach, Florida, reached 7.4 feet (2.3 m) above mean sea level. As tides damaged some piers and small craft, and resulted in severe beach erosion. At least three tornadoes touched down throughout northern Florida in association with Flossy. One damaged or destroyed numerous structures in Gulf County; two others in Jefferson and Suwannee counties caused little or no damage.[3]

Further northeast, rains brought by Flossy helped relieve drought conditions across the Carolinas,[13] and were considered beneficial.[5] Winds as high as 45 miles per hour (72 km/h) were recorded in Washington, D.C.. In Virginia, the gas screw vessel Mary Anne was lost at Naval Station Norfolk.[18] High tides caused by the then-extratropical cyclone led to water 2.5 feet (0.76 m) deep in sections of Norfolk.[5] The Back River Light collapsed during the storm, 127 years after it was built.[19] This occurred despite 500 tons (454 tonnes) of broken rock placed around its base to protect it from the surf. Severe flooding occurred along the state's coastline, including interior bays. [20]

Total damages to Louisiana, Florida, Alabama, the Carolinas, and Virginia was $24.8 million (1956 USD).[3][4]