Hythe (UK Parliament constituency)

Hythe
Hythe
	Former constituency; for the House of Commons
1366–1950
Number of members	1298–1832: two; 1832–1950: one
Replaced by	Folkestone and Hythe

Hythe was a constituency centred on the town of Hythe in Kent. It returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons until 1832, when its representation was reduced to one member. The constituency was abolished for the 1950 general election, and replaced with the new Folkestone and Hythe constituency.

Boundaries

1918–1950: The Municipal Boroughs of Folkestone and Hythe, the Urban District of Cheriton, and part of the Urban District of Sandgate.

Members of Parliament

1366-1640

Parliament	First Member	Second Member
1386	Henry Browning	John Bernard [1]
1388 (Feb)	John Dyne	William Hughelot [1]
1388 (Sep)	Walter Fisher	John Cundy[1]
1390 (Jan)	John Dyne	Henry Browning [1]
1390 (Nov)
1391	Henry Browning	William Cundy [1]
1393	John French	Alan Honywode [1]
1394
1395	John Dyne	John Storme [1]
1397 (Jan)	John Dyne	John Honywode [1]
1397 (Sept)
1399	Thomas Canterbury	Alexander Appleford [1]
1401
1402	Thomas Casebourne	Alexander Appleford [1]
1404 (Jan)
1404 (Oct)
1406	Thomas Casebourne	Henry Philpot [1]
1407	Martin French	Henry Philpot [1]
1410	Alexander Appleford	Stephen Rye [1]
1411	William Canoun [1]
1413 (Feb)	Henry Philpot	Stephen Rye [1]
1413 (May)	Thomas Casebourne	Stephen Rye [1]
1414 (Apr)	William Canoun	Stephen Rye [1]
1414 (Nov)	Robert Bannok	William Yoklete [1]
1415
1416 (Mar)
1416 (Oct)
1417	Henry Philpot	Stephen Rye [1]
1419	Henry Philpot	John Skinner [1]
1420	Alexander Appleford	John Overhaven [1]
1421 (May)	Thomas Bromlegh	John Leigh [1]
1421 (Dec)	John Overhaven	Richard Rykedon [1]
1510	John Honywood	John Berde[2]
1512	Clement Holwey	John Berde [2]
1515	not known
1523	not known
1529	John Hull	Stephen Harry [2]
1536	?John Hull	?Stephen Harry [2]
1539	not known
1542	not known
1545	not known
1547	William Brooke alias Cobham	William Baddell [2]
1553 (Mar)	William Dalmyngton	John Knight [2]
1553 (Oct)	Thomas Jekyn	William Oxenden [2]
1554 (Apr)	William Carden	John Estday [2]
1554 (Nov)	John Estday	Thomas Keys [2]
1555	John Knight	John Fowler [2]
1558	John Knight	Richard Daper [2]
1559	William Baddell	Ralph Haselhurst[3]
1562/3	Edward Popham	John Bridgman [3]
1571	William Cromer	John Stephenson [3]
1572	Thomas Honywood, died and replaced Nov 1584 by George Morton	John Bridgman [3]
1584	Christopher Honywood	Thomas Bodley, sat for Portsmouth replaced by ?George Morton [3]
1586	John Smythe	William Dalmyngton [3]
1588/9	John Collins	John Smythe [3]
1593	Henry Fane	John Collins [3]
1597	Christopher Honywood	Christopher Toldervey [3]
1601	William Knight	Christopher Toldervey [3]
1604	Sir John Smith died and replaced 1609 by Sir Norton Knatchbull	Christopher Toldervey
1614	Sir Richard Smythe	Lionel Cranfield
1621-1622	Sir Peter Heyman	Dr Richard Zouche
1624	Sir Peter Heyman	Dr Richard Zouche
1625	Sir Edward Dering, 1st Baronet	Edward Clarke
1626	Sir Peter Heyman	Basil Dixwell
1628-1629	Sir Peter Heyman	Sir Edward Scott
1629–1640	No Parliaments summoned

1640-1832

Year		First member	First party	Second member	Second party
April 1640		John Wandesford	Royalist	(Sir) Henry Heyman	Parliamentarian
November 1640		John Harvey	Parliamentarian	(Sir) Henry Heyman	Parliamentarian
1645		Thomas Westrow		(Sir) Henry Heyman	Parliamentarian
1653	Hythe was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament and the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
January 1659		Sir Robert Hales		William Kenrick
May 1659	Not represented in the restored Rump
1660		The Viscount Strangford		Phineas Andrews
May 1661		John Hervey		Phineas Andrews
November 1661				Sir Henry Wood
1673				Sir Leoline Jenkins
February 1679		Sir Edward Dering		Julius Deedes
August 1679		Sir Edward Dering		Edward Hales
April 1685		Heneage Finch		Julius Deedes
June 1685		Heneage Finch		William Shaw
1689		Edward Hales		Julius Deedes
1690		Sir Philip Boteler		William Brockman
1695				Jacob des Bouverie
1701				John Boteler
1708		John Fane		John Boteler
1710 [note 1]		John Fane		The Viscount Shannon
1711		John Boteler		William Berners
1712		John Boteler		The Viscount Shannon
1713		Jacob des Bouverie		John Boteler
1715		Jacob des Bouverie		Sir Samuel Lennard
1722		Captain Hercules Baker		Sir Samuel Lennard
1728		Captain Hercules Baker		William Glanville
1744		(Sir) Thomas Hales [note 2]
1761		Lord George Sackville
1766		Lord George Sackville		William Amherst
1768		John Sawbridge		William Evelyn
1774		Sir Charles Farnaby [note 3]
1798		Hon. Charles Marsham [note 4]
1802		Matthew White		Thomas Godfrey
1806		Viscount Marsham
1807		William Deedes
1810		William Deedes		Sir John Perring
1812		Matthew White
1818		John Bladen Taylor
1819		Samuel Jones-Loyd	Whig[4]
1820		Samuel Jones-Loyd	Whig[4]	Stewart Marjoribanks	Whig[5]
1826		Sir Robert Townsend-Farquhar	Tory[6]
1830		John Loch	Whig[5]
1832	Representation reduced to one member

1832-1950

Year		Member	Party
1832		Stewart Marjoribanks	Whig[5][7][8]
1837		Viscount Melgund	Whig[5][9]
1841		Stewart Marjoribanks	Whig[5][7][8]
1847		Edward Drake Brockman	Whig[10]
1857		Sir John Ramsden	Whig
1859		Baron Mayer de Rothschild	Liberal
1874		Sir Edward Watkin	Liberal
1885			Independent Liberal
1886			Liberal Unionist
1888			Independent Liberal
1895		Sir James Bevan Edwards	Conservative
1899		Sir Edward Sassoon	Liberal Unionist
1912		Sir Philip Sassoon	Unionist
1939		Rupert Brabner	Conservative
1945		Harry Mackeson	Conservative
1950	Constituency abolished

Election results

Elections in the 1830s

Townsend-Farquhar's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 26 March 1830: Hythe [5][11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Whig	John Loch	Unopposed
	Whig gain from Tory

General election 1830: Hythe [5][11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Whig	Stewart Marjoribanks	270	48.6
	Whig	John Loch	270	48.6
	Tory	William Fraser	8	1.4
	Tory	Fitzroy Kelly	8	1.4
Majority			262	47.2
Turnout			278	c. 64.7
Registered electors			c. 430
	Whig hold
	Whig gain from Tory

204 Scot and Lot votes were placed for Fraser and Kelly, but these were rejected

General election 1831: Hythe [5][11]
	Candidate	Votes
Whig	Stewart Marjoribanks	Unopposed
Whig	John Loch	Unopposed
Whig hold
Whig hold

General election 1832: Hythe [5][12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Whig	Stewart Marjoribanks	226	53.3
	Tory	William Fraser	198	46.7
Majority			28	6.6
Turnout			424	90.4
Registered electors			469
	Whig hold

General election 1835: Hythe [5][12]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Whig	Stewart Marjoribanks	Unopposed
Registered electors			477
	Whig hold

Marjoribanks resigned, causing a by-election.

By-election, 16 May 1837: Hythe [5][12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Whig	William Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound	Unopposed
	Whig hold

General election 1837: Hythe [5][12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Whig	William Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound	243	64.1
	Conservative	William Horsley Beresford[13]	136	35.9
Majority			107	28.2
Turnout			379	79.6
Registered electors			476
	Whig hold

Elections in the 1840s

General election 1841: Hythe [12]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Whig	Stewart Marjoribanks	Unopposed
Registered electors			513
	Whig hold

General election 1847: Hythe [12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Edward Drake Brockman	211	52.8	*N/A*
	Whig	Mayer Amschel de Rothschild	189	47.3	N/A
Majority			22	5.5	N/A
Turnout			400	82.5	N/A
Registered electors			485
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1850s

General election 1852: Hythe [12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Edward Drake Brockman	512	83.9	+31.1
	Whig	Robert Standish Motte[14]	98	16.1	−31.2
Majority			414	67.8	+62.3
Turnout			610	71.3	−11.2
Registered electors			856
	Whig hold		Swing	+31.2

General election 1857: Hythe [12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	John William Ramsden	490	65.5	−18.4
	Peelite	Henry Aitcheson Hankey[15][16]	258	34.5	New
Majority			232	31.0	−36.8
Turnout			748	74.9	+3.6
Registered electors			998
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A

Ramsden resigned, causing a by-election.

By-election, 15 February 1859: Hythe [12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Mayer Amschel de Rothschild	Unopposed
	Whig hold

General election 1859: Hythe [12]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Liberal	Mayer Amschel de Rothschild	Unopposed
Registered electors			997
	Liberal hold

Elections in the 1860s

General election 1865: Hythe [12]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Liberal	Mayer Amschel de Rothschild	Unopposed
Registered electors			1,291
	Liberal hold

General election 1868: Hythe [12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Mayer Amschel de Rothschild	1,268	70.9	*N/A*
	Conservative	Albert Nugent[17]	521	29.1	New
Majority			747	41.8	N/A
Turnout			1,789	78.6	N/A
Registered electors			2,275
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1870s

General election 1874: Hythe [12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Edward Watkin	1,347	81.8	*N/A*
	Liberal	Montague Merryweather[18]	300	18.2	N/A
Majority			1,047	63.6	+21.8
Turnout			1,647	67.4	−11.2
Registered electors			2,445
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: Hythe [12]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Liberal	Edward Watkin	Unopposed
Registered electors			2,893
	Liberal hold

General election 1885: Hythe [19][20][21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent Liberal	Edward Watkin	2,247	73.8	*New*
	Liberal	Alpheus Morton	797	26.2	N/A
Majority			1,450	47.6	N/A
Turnout			3,044	81.5	N/A
Registered electors			3,737
	Independent Liberal gain from Liberal		Swing	N/A

General election 1886: Hythe [19][21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Edward Watkin	Unopposed
	Liberal Unionist gain from Independent Liberal

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1892: Hythe [19][21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent Liberal	Edward Watkin	Unopposed
	Independent Liberal gain from Liberal Unionist

Edwards

General election 1895: Hythe [19][22][21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	James Bevan Edwards	2,189	55.9	*New*
	Liberal	Israel Hart	1,726	44.1	New
Majority			463	11.8	N/A
Turnout			3,915	83.4	N/A
Registered electors			4,695
	Conservative gain from Independent Liberal		Swing	N/A

Edwards' resignation caused a by-election.

1899 Hythe by-election [19][22][21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Sassoon	2,425	56.1	+0.2
	Liberal	Israel Hart	1,898	43.9	-0.2
Majority			527	12.2	+0.4
Turnout			4,323	82.8	-0.6
Registered electors			5,224
	Conservative hold		Swing	+0.2

Elections in the 1900s

General election 1900: Hythe [19][22][21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Sassoon	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Biron

General election 1906: Hythe [19][21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Sassoon	3,246	58.0	*N/A*
	Liberal	Chartres Biron	2,347	42.0	New
Majority			899	16.0	N/A
Turnout			5,593	85.8	N/A
Registered electors			6,520
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1910s

General election January 1910: Hythe [23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Sassoon	3,746	65.7	+7.7
	Liberal	William Clarke Hall	1,954	34.3	-7.7
Majority			1,792	31.4	+15.4
Turnout			5,700	87.1	+1.3
	Conservative hold		Swing	+7.7

General election December 1910: Hythe [23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Sassoon	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

1912 Hythe by-election[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Philip Sassoon	3,722	65.0	*N/A*
	Liberal	Samuel Moorhouse	2,004	35.0	New
Majority			1,718	30.0	N/A
Turnout			5,726	82.2	N/A
	Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1914/15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

Unionist: Philip Sassoon
Liberal: William Deedes

Sassoon

General election 1918: Hythe[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
C	Unionist	Philip Sassoon	8,819	72.0	N/A
	Labour	Robert William Forsyth	3,427	28.0	New
Majority			5,392	44.0	N/A
Turnout			12,246	61.6	N/A
Registered electors			19,896
	Unionist hold		Swing	N/A
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1922: Hythe[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Philip Sassoon	Unopposed
	Unionist hold

General election 1923: Hythe[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Philip Sassoon	Unopposed
	Unionist hold

General election 1924: Hythe[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Philip Sassoon	12,843	76.5	*N/A*
	Labour	Constantine Gallop	3,936	23.5	New
Majority			8,907	53.0	N/A
Turnout			16,779	79.7	N/A
Registered electors			21,058
	Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

General election 1929: Hythe[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Philip Sassoon	12,982	57.8	−18.7
	Liberal	Hester Lloyd Holland	6,912	30.7	New
	Labour	Grace Colman	2,597	11.5	−12.0
Majority			6,070	27.1	−25.9
Turnout			22,491	70.8	−8.9
Registered electors			31,745
	Unionist hold		Swing	−3.4

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1931: Hythe[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Philip Sassoon	20,277	84.9	+27.1
	Labour	Grace Colman	3,608	15.1	+3.6
Majority			16,669	69.8	+42.7
Turnout			23,885	71.8	+1.0
	Conservative hold		Swing

The Liberal candidate, Hester Holland withdrew on 14 Oct 1931

General election 1935: Hythe[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Philip Sassoon	15,359	63.9	-21.0
	Liberal	Richard Hathaway Ellis	8,688	36.1	New
Majority			6,671	27.8	-42.0
Turnout			24,047	68.3	-3.5
	Conservative hold		Swing

1939 Hythe by-election[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Rupert Brabner	12,016	54.2	-9.7
	Liberal	Frank Ongley Darvall	9,577	43.2	+7.1
	Independent	St John Philby	576	2.6	New
Majority			2,439	11.0	-16.8
Turnout			22,169	62.4	-5.9
	Conservative hold		Swing	-8.4

Philby was a candidate for the British People's Party.

Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: Hythe[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Harry Mackeson	8,048	46.5	-17.4
	Labour	David Graham Widdiscombe	6,091	35.2	New
	Liberal	Arthur Dyke Beauchamp James	3,152	18.2	-17.9
Majority			1,957	11.3	-16.5
Turnout			17,291	73.3	+5.0
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

Notes

At the election of 1710, Fane and Shannon were returned as elected but, on petition, they were declared not to have been duly elected and Berners and Boteler were seated in their place.
Succeeded as baronet, January 1748.
Farnaby adopted the surname Radcliffe in 1783.
Styled Viscount Marsham from June 1801 (when his father was created Earl of Romney).

References

Citations

"Hythe (1386–1421)". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
"Hythe (1509–1558)". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
"Hythe (1558–1603)". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
Howe, Anthony, ed. (2007). The Letters of Richard Cobden: Volume I ~ 1815-1847. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-19-921195-1. Retrieved 16 April 2020 – via Google Books.
Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 164–166. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, FWS (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 158–160. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
Fisher, David R. (2009). "MARJORIBANKS, Stewart (1774–1863), of Bushey Grove, nr. Watford, Herts". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
Churton, Edward (1836). The Assembled Commons, 1836. London. p. 120. Retrieved 10 November 2018 – via Google Books.
Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. p. 158. Retrieved 10 November 2018 – via Google Books.
Ollivier, John (1848). "Alphabetical List of the House of Commons". Ollivier's Parliamentary and Political Directory for the Session 1841, 1848. p. 17. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
Fisher, David R. "Hythe". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) |format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
"Elections in Kent". Kentish Gazette. 1 August 1837. p. 2. Retrieved 16 April 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"The General Elections". Globe. 10 July 1852. p. 4. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
"Nominations". London Daily News. 28 March 1857. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 14 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Election Intelligence". Morning Advertiser. 27 March 1857. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 14 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Hythe". Maidstone Journal and Kentish Advertiser. 16 November 1868. p. 5. Retrieved 18 February 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Folkestone Election". Dover Express. 6 February 1874. p. 3. Retrieved 18 February 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
The Liberal Year Book, 1907
Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886
Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
Craig, F. W. S. (1969). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949. Glasgow: Political Reference Publications.

Bibliography

Beatson, Robert (1807). A Chronological Register of Both Houses of the British Parliament, from the Union in 1708, to the Third Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in 1807. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme.
Brunton, D.; Pennington, D. H. (1954). Members of the Long Parliament. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Cobbett, William (1808). Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803. London: Thomas Hansard. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015.
The Constitutional Year Book for 1913. London: National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations. 1913.
Craig, F. W. S. (1989). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885 (2nd ed.). Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services.
Neale, John E. (1949). The Elizabethan House of Commons. London: Jonathan Cape.
Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "H" (part 4)

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[4] At the election of 1710, Fane and Shannon were returned as elected but, on petition, they were declared not to have been duly elected and Berners and Boteler were seated in their place.

[5] Succeeded as baronet, January 1748.

[6] Farnaby adopted the surname Radcliffe in 1783.

[7] Styled Viscount Marsham from June 1801 (when his father was created Earl of Romney).

[HoP1-1] "Hythe (1386–1421)". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 30 November 2011.

[HoP2-2] "Hythe (1509–1558)". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 30 November 2011.

[HoP3-3] "Hythe (1558–1603)". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 30 November 2011.

[8] Howe, Anthony, ed. (2007). The Letters of Richard Cobden: Volume I ~ 1815-1847. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-19-921195-1. Retrieved 16 April 2020 – via Google Books.

[stooks-smith-9] Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 164–166. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.

[stooks-smith2-10] Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, FWS (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 158–160. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.

[hop-11] Fisher, David R. (2009). "MARJORIBANKS, Stewart (1774–1863), of Bushey Grove, nr. Watford, Herts". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 10 November 2018.

[churton1836-12] Churton, Edward (1836). The Assembled Commons, 1836. London. p. 120. Retrieved 10 November 2018 – via Google Books.

[13] Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. p. 158. Retrieved 10 November 2018 – via Google Books.

[14] Ollivier, John (1848). "Alphabetical List of the House of Commons". Ollivier's Parliamentary and Political Directory for the Session 1841, 1848. p. 17. Retrieved 14 May 2018.

[hop1820-1832-15] Fisher, David R. "Hythe". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 16 April 2020.

[craig1832-16] Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) |format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.

[17] "Elections in Kent". Kentish Gazette. 1 August 1837. p. 2. Retrieved 16 April 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[18] "The General Elections". Globe. 10 July 1852. p. 4. Retrieved 14 May 2018.

[19] "Nominations". London Daily News. 28 March 1857. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 14 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[20] "Election Intelligence". Morning Advertiser. 27 March 1857. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 14 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[21] "Hythe". Maidstone Journal and Kentish Advertiser. 16 November 1868. p. 5. Retrieved 18 February 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[22] "Folkestone Election". Dover Express. 6 February 1874. p. 3. Retrieved 18 February 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[ReferenceB-23] The Liberal Year Book, 1907

[24] Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886

[craig1885-25] Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.

[ReferenceA-26] Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901

[ReferenceC-27] Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916

[Craig1918-28] Craig, F. W. S. (1969). British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949. Glasgow: Political Reference Publications.