Japan–Netherlands relations

Japanese–Dutch relations (Dutch: Japans-Nederlandse betrekkingen, Japanese: 日蘭関係) describes the foreign relations between Japan and the Netherlands. Relations between Japan and the Netherlands date back to 1609, when the first formal trade relations were established.[1][2]

Dutch-Japanese relations

Japan
Netherlands

History
See also: Dutch missions to Edo and Rangaku
Curious Japanese watching Dutchmen in the Nagasakiya in Edo.

Early trade

When formal trade relations were established in 1609 by requests from Englishman William Adams, the Dutch were granted extensive trading rights and set up a Dutch East India Company trading outpost at Hirado. They traded exotic Asian goods such as spices, textiles, porcelain, and silk. When the Shimabara uprising of 1637 happened, in which Christian Japanese started a rebellion against the Tokugawa shogunate, it was crushed with the help of the Dutch. As a result, all Christian nations who gave aid to the rebels were expelled, leaving the Dutch the only commercial partner from the West.[2] Among the expelled nations was Portugal who had a trading post in Nagasaki harbor on an artificial island called Dejima. In a move of the shogunate to take the Dutch trade away from the Hirado clan, the entire Dutch trading post was moved to Dejima.[3]

Military cooperation

After the forcible opening of Japan by Commodore Perry in 1854 it was decided to modernise the Japanese fleet. To do this orders were placed for modern steam powered warships. The first of which was the ZM SS Soembing, a gift from King William III of the Netherlands, which was renamed the Kankō Maru. To train Japanese sailors in the use of these new and powerful ships the Nagasaki Naval Training Center was established literally right at the entrance of Dejima, to maximize interaction with Dutch naval know-how. Among the students at the Nagasaki Naval Training Center was Enomoto Takeaki, one of the founders of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

World War II
A replica 18th century Dutch windmill fabricated in The Netherlands and then assembled on the shore of Lake Imba near Sakura, Japan in 1994, named in honour of 'The Love' (De Liefde), the first Dutch sailing vessel to reach Japan in 1600. Also notable are the many tulips on the foreground.[4]
See also: Pacific War, Netherlands East Indies campaign, and Japanese occupation of Indonesia

Post war Japanese–Dutch relations

The relations between Japan and the Netherlands after 1945 have been complicated. The invasion and occupation of the Netherlands East Indies during World War II, brought about the destruction of the colonial state in Indonesia, as the Japanese removed as much of the Dutch government as they could, weakening the post war grip the Netherlands had over the territory. Under diplomatic pressure from the United States, the Netherlands recognised Indonesian sovereignty in 1949 (see United States of Indonesia).

Emperor Hirohito landed in the Netherlands for a state visit on 8 October 1971. The visit was controversial because of the World War II troubles, and his delegation had to be protected from protesters.[5] Japanese flags were burned by radical far-left activists of the Red Youth in front of the media and a bomb alert was reported when the Japanese embassy was threatened. The Japanese press reacted furiously to the reception. After the visit, the Dutch government repeatedly apologised to Japan, and the mood in Japan turned positive when Hirohito called the visit a "success."[6]

On the 24 August 2009, the Netherlands released a commemorative 5 euro coin to celebrate 400 years of relations.[7]

Education
The Japanese School of Rotterdam

Amsterdam has one Japanese-medium day school, The Japanese School of Amsterdam. There is also a school in Rotterdam, the Japanese School of Rotterdam.

The Saturday Japanese supplementary schools in the Netherlands include Japanese Saturday School Amsterdam, Den Haag-Rotterdam Japanese Saturday School in Rotterdam, Stichting the Japanese School of Tilburg, and Stichting Maastricht Japanese Supplementary School.[8] The Maastricht school was founded in 1992 as an outgrowth of the Joppenhoff International School. It began with 15 students, and grew as large as 30, but declined in concert with the economy, and as of 2004 enrolled just 20 students.[9] The Saturday School of The Hague and Rotterdam was formed in 1996 from a merger of the two separate Saturday Japanese schools of those cities.[10]

Diplomacy

See also

References
  1. Mitsubishi Corporation – Regional Report on the Kingdom of the Netherlands Archived 2008-11-20 at the Wayback Machine
  2. 400 jaar handel – Four centuries of Japanese–Dutch trade relations: 1609–2009 Archived 2008-01-11 at the Wayback Machine
  3. Edo-Tokyo Museum exhibition catalog, p. 207.
  4. Japanese-Netherlands Exchange in the Edo Era: Stranding of De Liefde, retrieved from www.ndl.go.jp, April 14, 2012.
  5. https://isgeschiedenis.nl/nieuws/keizer-hirohitos-controversiele-staatsbezoek-aan-nederland
  6. https://www.digibron.nl/search/detail/012dd0d8322abd03686d3174/boegeroep-en-stenen-voor-de-keizer
  7. (in Dutch) News Video of the 5 euro commemorative coin
  8. "欧州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在）" (Archive). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Retrieved on May 10, 2014.
  9. O'Dell 2004
  10. "Introduction" (Archive). The Hague-Rotterdam Japanese Saturday School. Retrieved on April 5, 2015. Dutch version (Archive). Japanese version (Archive).
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