John Krider

John Krider (February 17, 1813 – November 12, 1886) was an American gunsmith and ornithologist who operated a sporting goods store on the northeast corner of Second St. and Walnut St. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for much of the 19th century.[1] On the second floor of Krider's shop was a taxidermy shop, where hundreds of bird specimens were prepared over multiple decades.[1]

John Krider
Born(1813-02-17)February 17, 1813
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
DiedNovember 12, 1886(1886-11-12) (aged 73)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
NationalityAmerican
Known forLeMat Revolver, ornithology, gunsmith
Scientific career
FieldsGunsmith, ornithologist
InstitutionsAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

In 1859, Krider manufactured the first 25 prototypes of the LeMat Revolver, also known as the "Grape Shot Revolver". The unique firearm had been developed in New Orleans in 1856 by Jean Alexandre Le Mat, whose manufacturing effort was backed by P. G. T. Beauregard, who became a general in the Confederate States Army.[2]

He is the namesake of Krider's hawk (Buteo jamaicensis kriderii).[3]

Biography

Early life

Krider was born in West Philadelphia in 1813, and became the apprentice of Prosper Vallee the gunsmith in 1826.[4] Vallee had opened a shop about ten years earlier, in a stone house built in 1751 by Edward Drinker, on the northeast corner of Second and Walnut streets, Philadelphia.[5] By 1839, Krider had bought Vallee's gunsmith business and founded a sporting goods store at that location.[4]

Specimen collections

Krider was an avid collector and contributed hundreds of study skins, nests, and eggs to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP) during his lifetime. More than a century later, these specimens are widely distributed in museum collections including the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard University), and American Museum of Natural History.[6]

Krider collected many rare specimens in the Philadelphia area including yellow-headed blackbird[7] and smooth-billed ani,[8][9] which are now preserved in the ANSP collection. Krider published little, but his contributions were frequently acknowledged by other ornithologists. For example, in 1856, the curator of birds at ANSP, John Cassin, wrote: "Our friend Mr. John Krider, Gunsmith, whose establishment is a favorite place of resort of the Ornithologists and gunners of this city, and who is well acquainted with American birds, and very successful in obtaining specimens of rare species, has had several specimens of this Brant brought to him in the last two or three years."[10]

Krider's hawk
Historic photograph (c. 1880) of Krider's Gun Shop on the northeast corner of Second and Walnut streets. The building was razed in 1955.

Bernard A. Hoopes described Krider's hawk (Buteo jamaicensis kriderii), a disputed subspecies of red-tailed hawk, in 1873: "Being convinced that it is undescribed, I have named it in honor of the veteran naturalist to whom we are indebted for the discovery."[3] The type specimen is preserved in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University.[11]

Death and burial

Krider is buried at Philadelphia Memorial Park in Frazer, Chester County, Pennsylvania.[12]

Publications
  • Krider, J. (1853). Krider's Sporting Anecdotes, Illustrative of the Habits of Certain Varieties of American Game. (H. Milner Klapp, ed.). A. Hart, Philadelphia.[13]
  • Krider, J. (1879). Forty Years Notes of a Field Ornithologist. J. H. Weston, Philadelphia.[9]

Primary sources

A collection of records from Krider's Gun Shop are preserved at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania (Collection 3297).[14]

References
  1. Trotter, Spencer (1914). "Some old Philadelphia bird collectors and taxidermists" (PDF). Cassinia. 18: 1–8.
  2. Flayderman, Norm (2001). Flayderman's Guide to Antique American Firearms and Their Values. Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-87349-313-0.
  3. Hoopes, Bernard A. (1873). "Description of a new variety of Buteo". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 25: 238–239.
  4. Vernon, Steven K. (1997). "Fishing Tackle from Eastern Pennsylvania: John Krider and the Sportsmen's Depot" (PDF). Fishing Collectibles Magazine. 8(3): 14–20.
  5. "Krider Gun Shop, 133-135 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  6. "VertNet Search Portal". portal.vertnet.org. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  7. Miller, Richard F. (1912-01-01). "Occurrence of the Yellow-headed Blackbird on the Delaware River near Philadelphia, Pa". The Auk. 29 (1): 102–103. doi:10.1093/auk/29.1.102a. ISSN 0004-8038.
  8. Baird, Spencer Fullerton; Brewer, Thomas Mayo; Ridgway, Robert (1874). A History of North American Birds. Little, Brown.
  9. Krider, John (1879). Forty Years Notes of a Field Ornithologist. Press of J. H. Weston.
  10. Cassin, John (1856). Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British, and Russian America: (Forming a Supplement to Audubon's Birds of America) Intended to contain descriptions and figures of all North American Birds not given by former american authors, and a generally synopsis of North American ornithology. 1853 to 1855. (Mit 50 Taf.). J. B. Lippingcott & C.
  11. Stone, Witmer (1899). "A Study of the Type Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with a Brief History of the Collection". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 51 (1): 5–62. ISSN 0097-3157.
  12. "John Krider Sr. (1813-1886) - Find A Grave..." www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  13. Krider, John (1853). Krider's Sporting Anecdotes, Illustrative of the Habits of Certain Varieties of American Game. A. Hart.
  14. "Krider Gun Shop records 3297". www2.hsp.org. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
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