John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland

The Duke of Rutland
His Grace; The Duke of Rutland; KG GCB PC
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
	In office; 16 August 1886 – 11 August 1892
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	The Marquess of Salisbury
Preceded by	The Viscount Cranbrook
Succeeded by	James Bryce
Personal details
Born	13 December 1818; Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire
Died	4 August 1906 (aged 87); Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire
Nationality	British
Political party	Conservative
Spouse(s)	Catherine Marley (m. 1851; died 1854); Janetta Hughan (m. 1862; died 1899)
Children	8, including Henry, Edward, and Cecil
Parents	John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland ; Lady Elizabeth Howard
Alma mater	Trinity College, Cambridge

John James Robert Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland, KG, GCB, PC (13 December 1818 – 4 August 1906), known as Lord John Manners before 1888, was an English statesman.

Youth and poetry

Rutland was born at Belvoir Castle, the younger son of John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland by Lady Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle. Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland was his elder brother and Lord George Manners his younger brother. He was educated at Eton College, then entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1836.[1] At Cambridge, he was a member of the University Pitt Club.[2] He graduated MA in 1839, and was later awarded the honorary degrees of LLD by the same university in 1862, and DCL by Oxford in 1876.[1]

He wrote two books of poetry: England's Trust and Other Poems, published in 1841, and English Ballads and Other Poems, published in 1850. The 1841 book contains his famous quote: "Let wealth and commerce, laws and learning die, But leave us still our old Nobility!"[3] The 1850 book contains his poem "A Legend of Haddon Hall."[4]

Political career

Painting by Walter William Ouless.

Garter encircled shield of arms of John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland, KG, as displayed on his Order of the Garter stall plate in St. George's Chapel.

In 1841 Rutland was returned for Newark in the Tory interest, along with William Ewart Gladstone, and sat for that borough until 1847. Subsequently, he sat for Colchester, 1850–57; for North Leicestershire, 1857–85; and for Melton from 1885 until, in 1888, he took his seat in the House of Lords upon succeeding to the dukedom.[5]

Young England

In the early 1840s Manners was a leading figure in the Young England movement, led by Benjamin Disraeli. This party sought to reduce the predominance of the middle class bourgeoisie, and to re-create the political prestige of the aristocracy by proving its capacity to ameliorate the social, intellectual, and material condition of the peasantry and the labouring classes. At the same time its members looked for a regeneration of the Church, and the rescue of both the Church and Ireland from the troubles inherited from the Whig predominance of the 18th century. Manners made an extensive tour of inspection in the industrial parts of northern England, in the course of which he and his friend George Smythe, later 7th Viscount Strangford, gave well-received speeches. In 1843 he supported Lord Grey's motion for an inquiry into the condition of England, the serious disaffection of the working classes of the north being a subject to which he was constantly drawing the attention of parliament. Among other measures that he urged were the disestablishment of the Irish Church, the modification of the Statutes of Mortmain, and the resumption of regular diplomatic relations with the Vatican. In the same year he issued in pamphlet form a strong Plea for National Holydays.[5][6]

In 1844 Lord John vigorously supported the Factories Act ("Ten-hours Bill"), which, though strongly opposed by Manchester representatives, was ultimately passed in May 1847. In October 1844 he took part in, and spoke at, the soirée held at the Manchester Athenaeum under the presidency of Disraeli. A few days later, he and his friends attended a festival at Bingley, in Yorkshire, to celebrate the allotment of land for gardens to working men, a step which, through the agency of his father, he had done a great deal to further.[1][5]

However, divergences of opinion starting in 1845 eventually led to the disruption of the movement.[7]

Cabinet

During the three short administrations of Lord Derby (1852, 1858–59, and 1866–68) he sat in the cabinet as First Commissioner of Works. In 1852 he was admitted to the Privy Council. On the return of the Conservatives to power in 1874 he became Postmaster-General under Disraeli, and was made GCB on his retirement in 1880. He was again Postmaster-General in Lord Salisbury's administration, 1885–86, and was head of the department when sixpenny telegrams were introduced. Finally, in the Conservative government of 1886–92 he was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.[5] He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1891 and in 1896 he was further honoured when he was made Baron Roos of Belvoir, in the County of Leicester.

He was patron of Saint Martin's League for letter carriers.

Sporting interests

He had a sympathetic interest in the Olympian Games movement of William Penny Brookes, first shown when he joined a party with his first cousin Lord Forester that viewed the first Wenlock Olympian Games at Much Wenlock in 1850. He there and then donated a cash prize of £1 (worth approximately £80 in 2017)[8] to the committee, who awarded it to the winner of a running race.[6] He was a member of the council of the fourth National Olympian Games that were held, again at Much Wenlock, in 1874.[9] In 1883 he was president of Wenlock Olympian Games themselves that year.[10]

Family

Rutland married firstly Catherine Louisa Georgina, daughter of Colonel George Marlay and Lady Catherine Butler, and granddaughter of George Marlay, Bishop of Dromore, in 1851. They had one child:

Henry John Brinsley Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland (1852–1925)

Catherine died in April 1854.

Rutland married secondly Janetta, daughter of Thomas Hughan, in 1862. They had seven children, including:

Lord Edward William John Manners (1864–1903)
Lord Cecil Reginald John Manners (1868–1945)
Lieutenant Colonel Lord Robert William Orlando Manners (1870–1917), an officer in the King's Royal Rifle Corps. This son was killed whilst commanding 10th Bn. Northumberland Fusiliers during the Great War. He was awarded the Order of St Michael and St George and the Distinguished Service Order. He is buried in The Huts Cemetery, six kilometers southwest of Ypres. He married in 1902 Mildred Mary Buckworth, daughter of Rev. Charles P. Buckworth and widow of a fellow KRRC-officer Major Henry Buchanan-Riddell.[11]
Lady Victoria Alexandrina Elizabeth Dorothy Manners (1876–1933)
Lady Elizabeth Emily Manners (1878–1924), who in 1903 married Lord George Scott[12]

His second family also had a Scottish property: St Mary's Tower in Dunkeld.[13]

Rutland succeeded to the dukedom of Rutland in March 1888, upon the death of his elder brother. The Duchess of Rutland died in July 1899. Rutland survived her by seven years and died on 4 August 1906, aged 87, at Belvoir Castle.

Ancestry

Ancestors of John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland

8. John Manners, Marquess of Granby

4. Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland

9. Lady Frances Seymour

2. John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland

10. Charles Somerset, 4th Duke of Beaufort

5. Lady Mary Somerset

11. Elizabeth Berkeley

1. John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland

12. Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle

6. Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle

13. The Hon. Isabella Byron

3. Lady Elizabeth Howard

14. Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford

7. Lady Margaret Leveson-Gower

15. Lady Louisa Egerton

References

"Manners, Lord John James Rutland (MNRS836LJ)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
Fletcher, Walter Morley (2011) [1935]. The University Pitt Club: 1835–1935 (First Paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-1-107-60006-5.
Manners, John. England's Trust and Other Poems, 'Haddon Hall Books, 1841, accessed 20 October 2010
Manners, John. English Ballads and Other Poems, 'Haddon Hall Books, 1850, accessed 20 October 2010
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rutland, John James Robert Manners, 7th Duke of". Encyclopædia Britannica. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 943–944.
Beale, Catherine (2011). Born out of Wenlock, William Penny Brookes and the British origins of the modern Olympics. DB Publishing. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-85983-967-6.
Chisholm 1911.
"National Archives Currency Converter".
Beale, Catherine (2011). Born out of Wenlock. p. 88.
Beale, Catherine (2011). Born out of Wenlock. pp. 108, 184.
"Court Circular". The Times (36927). London. 17 November 1902. p. 6.
SCOTT, Lord George (William Montagu-Douglas-), Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2016 (online edition, Oxford University Press, 2014)
Perth Post Office Directory 1865: Noblemen and Country Gentlemen's Seats

External links

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Duke of Rutland

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by William Ewart Gladstone Thomas Wilde	Member of Parliament for Newark 1841–1847 With: William Ewart Gladstone 1841–1846 John Stuart 1846–1852	Succeeded by John Stuart Hon. John Manners-Sutton
Preceded by Sir George Smyth Joseph Hardcastle	Member of Parliament for Colchester 1850–1857 With: Joseph Hardcastle 1850–1852 William Hawkins 1852–1857	Succeeded by William Hawkins John Rebow
Preceded by Edward Farnham Marquess of Granby	Member of Parliament for Leicestershire North 1857–1885 With: Edward Farnham 1857–1859 Edward Hartopp 1859–1868 Samuel Clowes 1868–1880 Edwyn Burnaby 1880–1883 Hon. Montagu Curzon 1883–1885	constituency divided
New constituency	Member of Parliament for Melton 1885–1888	Succeeded by Henry Manners
Political offices
Preceded by Lord Seymour	First Commissioner of Works 1852	Succeeded by Sir William Molesworth
Preceded by Benjamin Hall	First Commissioner of Works 1858–1859	Succeeded by Hon. Henry Fitzroy
Preceded by Hon. William Cowper	First Commissioner of Works 1866–1868	Succeeded by Austen Henry Layard
Preceded by Lyon Playfair	Postmaster General 1874–1880	Succeeded by Henry Fawcett
Preceded by George Shaw-Lefevre	Postmaster General 1885–1886	Succeeded by The Lord Wolverton
Preceded by The Viscount Cranbrook	Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1886–1892	Succeeded by James Bryce
Honorary titles
Preceded by William Ewart Gladstone	Senior Privy Counsellor 1898–1906 With: Spencer Horatio Walpole (1898)	Succeeded by The Earl Spencer The Earl of Ducie
Peerage of England
Preceded by Charles Manners	Duke of Rutland 1888–1906	Succeeded by Henry Manners
Preceded by Charles Manners	Baron Manners (descended by acceleration) 1888–1896
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Baron Roos of Belvoir 1896–1906		Succeeded by Henry Manners

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[Venn-1] "Manners, Lord John James Rutland (MNRS836LJ)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.

[2] Fletcher, Walter Morley (2011) [1935]. The University Pitt Club: 1835–1935 (First Paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-1-107-60006-5.

[3] Manners, John. England's Trust and Other Poems, 'Haddon Hall Books, 1841, accessed 20 October 2010

[4] Manners, John. English Ballads and Other Poems, 'Haddon Hall Books, 1850, accessed 20 October 2010

[EB1911-5] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rutland, John James Robert Manners, 7th Duke of". Encyclopædia Britannica. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 943–944.

[Beale-6] Beale, Catherine (2011). Born out of Wenlock, William Penny Brookes and the British origins of the modern Olympics. DB Publishing. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-85983-967-6.

[FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-7] Chisholm 1911.

[8] "National Archives Currency Converter".

[Beale2-9] Beale, Catherine (2011). Born out of Wenlock. p. 88.

[Beale3-10] Beale, Catherine (2011). Born out of Wenlock. pp. 108, 184.

[11] "Court Circular". The Times (36927). London. 17 November 1902. p. 6.

[WWW-12] SCOTT, Lord George (William Montagu-Douglas-), Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2016 (online edition, Oxford University Press, 2014)

[13] Perth Post Office Directory 1865: Noblemen and Country Gentlemen's Seats

Cabinet of Prime Minister The Marquess of Salisbury (July 1885 – February 1886)
Prime Minister Foreign Secretary Leader of the House of Lords	The Marquess of Salisbury (1885–1886)
First Lord of the Treasury	The Earl of Iddesleigh (1885–1886)
Lord Chancellor	The Lord Halsbury (1885–1886)
Lord President of the Council	The Viscount Cranbrook (1885–1886)
Lord Privy Seal	The Earl of Harrowby (1885–1886)
Home Secretary	Sir Richard Cross (1885–1886)
Secretary of State for the Colonies	Sir Frederick Stanley (1885–1886)
Secretary of State for War	William Henry Smith (1885–1886) The Viscount Cranbrook (1886)
Secretary of State for India	Lord Randolph Churchill (1885–1886)
First Lord of the Admiralty	Lord George Hamilton (1885–1886)
Chancellor of the Exchequer Leader of the House of Commons	Sir Michael Hicks Beach (1885–1886)
President of the Board of Trade	The Duke of Richmond (1885) Edward Stanhope (1885–1886)
Chief Secretary for Ireland	William Henry Smith (1886)
Postmaster General	Lord John Manners (1885–1886)
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland	The Earl of Carnarvon (1885–1886)
Lord Chancellor of Ireland	The Lord Ashbourne (1885–1886)
Secretary for Scotland	The Duke of Richmond (1885–1886)
Vice President of the Council	Edward Stanhope (1885)