John Murray (publishing house)

John Murray (1745–1793), the eponymous founder of the publishing house

The business was founded in London in 1768 by John Murray (1737–1793),[1] an Edinburgh-born Royal Marines officer, who built up a list of authors including Isaac D'Israeli and published the English Review.[2]

John Murray the elder was one of the founding sponsors of the London evening newspaper The Star in 1788.[3]

He was succeeded by his son John Murray II, who made the publishing house important and influential. He was a friend of many leading writers of the day and launched the Quarterly Review in 1809. He was the publisher of Jane Austen, Sir Walter Scott, Washington Irving, George Crabbe, Mary Somerville and many others. His home and office at 50 Albemarle Street in Mayfair was the centre of a literary circle, fostered by Murray's tradition of "Four o'clock friends", afternoon tea with his writers.

Murray's most notable author was Lord Byron, who became a close friend and correspondent of his. Murray published many of his major works, paying him over £20,000 in rights. On 10 March 1812 Murray published Byron's second book, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, which sold out in five days, leading to Byron's observation "I awoke one morning and found myself famous".

On 17 May 1824 Murray participated in one of the most notorious acts in the annals of literature. Byron had given him the manuscript of his personal memoirs to publish later on. Together with five of Byron's friends and executors, he decided to destroy Byron's manuscripts because he thought the scandalous details would damage Byron's reputation. With only Thomas Moore objecting, the two volumes of memoirs were dismembered and burnt in the fireplace at Murray's office.[4] It remains unknown what they contained.

John Murray III (1808–1892) continued the business and published Charles Eastlake's first English translation of Goethe's Theory of Colours (1840), David Livingstone's Missionary Travels (1857), and Charles Darwin's Origin of Species (1859). Murray III contracted with Herman Melville to publish Melville's first two books, Typee (1846) and Omoo (1847) in England; both books were presented as nonfiction travel narratives in Murray's Home and Colonial Library series, alongside such works as the 1845 second edition of Darwin's Journal of Researches from his travels on HMS Beagle.[5] John Murray III also started the Murray Handbooks in 1836, a series of travel guides from which modern-day guides are directly descended. The rights to these guides were sold around 1900 and subsequently acquired in 1915 by the Blue Guides.

His successor Sir John Murray IV (1851–1928) was publisher to Queen Victoria. Among other works, he published Murray's Magazine from 1887 until 1891. From 1904 he published the Wisdom of the East book series.[6] Competitor Smith, Elder & Co. was acquired in 1917.

His son Sir John Murray V (1884–1967), grandson John Murray VI (John Arnaud Robin Grey Murray; 1909–1993) and great-grandson John Murray VII (John Richmond Grey Murray; 1941–) continued the business until it was taken over.

In 2002, John Murray was acquired by Hodder Headline, which was itself acquired in 2004 by the French conglomerate Lagardère Group. Since then, it has been an imprint under Lagardère brand Hachette UK.[7]

In 2015, business publisher Nicholas Brealey became an imprint of John Murray.[8]

The John Murray Archive was offered for sale to the nation by John Murray VII for £31 million and the National Library of Scotland has acquired it, including the manuscript of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species. On 26 January 2005, it was announced that the National Library was to be given £17.7m by the Heritage Lottery Fund towards the £31.2m price offered by John Murray on condition the Library digitise the materials and make them available. The Scottish Government agreed to contribute £8.3m, with the Library setting a £6.5m fundraising target for the remainder.[9][10][11][12][13]

• 1768 – John MacMurray, a former lieutenant of the Marines, buys a bookselling business at 32 Fleet Street. He changes his name to Murray and uses his naval contacts to build up a thriving business
• 1806 – The first bestseller, A New System of Domestic Cookery, by A Lady (Maria Rundell), was published, with a second edition two years later.[14]
• 1809 – The influential periodical the Quarterly Review founded
• 1811 – Childe Harold's Pilgrimage by Lord Byron published
• 1812 – John Murray moved to 50 Albemarle Street, its home for the next 191 years
• 1815 – Jane Austen decides she would like to move to Murray with Emma, published in 1815
• 1816 – Coleridge moved to John Murray for Christabel and Other Poems, which included 'Kubla Khan'
• 1836 – The first guide books, Murray's Handbooks, published by John Murray III
• 1849 – A groundbreaking observational study on the Sikh people is published.[15] This comprehensive account arguably foreshadowed the British Empire's first large-scale attempt at using the scientific method to civilise populations; this methodological approach later became known as Eugenics.
• 1857 – David Livingstone's Missionary Travels, published – one of the many great 19th-century publications of exploration from John Murray
• 1859 – On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin published
• 1859 – The first self-help book, Samuel Smiles's Self Help, published
• 1863 – Henry Walter Bates's The Naturalist on the River Amazons published
• 1865 – Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and its Tributaries; and of the Discovery of the Lakes Shirwa and Nyassa. 1858-1864 by David and Charles Livingstone published[16]
• 1871 – Edward Whymper Scrambles Amongst the Alps in the Years 1860-69, The first ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865
• 1891 – Edward Whymper Travels Amongst the Great Andes of the Equator, Two volumes recording ascents in the Ecuadorian Andes of Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Cayambe_(volcano), and other Andean Peaks
• 1912 – June, Published Behind The Night Light by Nancy Price, which was reprinted in June, 1912, September,1912, January, 1913.
• 1921 – An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English by Ernest Weekley published[17]
• 1934 – Dr. Julius Kugy Alpine Pilgrimage (1st edition (English) 1934), Klugy's literary masterpiece on the Julian Alps of Slovenia as translated by H. E. G. Tyndale (Henry Edmund Guise Tyndale)
• 1938 - Daniele Varè's biography The Laughing Diplomat is published
• 1958 – John Betjeman's Collected Poems published and has sold over 2 million copies to date
• 1967 – Last issue of the Quarterly Review published
• 1969 – The first TV tie-in, Kenneth Clark's Civilisation, published
• 1975 – Ruth Prawer Jhabvala's Heat and Dust wins the Man Booker Prize[18]
• 1977 – The "greatest travel book of the twentieth century", A Time of Gifts by Patrick Leigh Fermor published
• 2002 – John Murray leaves family hands after seven generations
• 2002 – Peacemakers by Margaret MacMillan wins the Samuel Johnson Prize, the Duff Cooper Prize and the Hessell-Tiltman Prize
• 2003 – The first new acquisition since the company became part of Hodder Headline (now Hachette), A Million Little Pieces by James Frey, becomes a perennial and controversial bestseller
• 2004 – Rebirth of the John Murray fiction list with Neil Jordan's Shade
• 2005 – Beasts of No Nation by Uzodinma Iweala wins John Llewellyn Rhys Prize
• 2007 – Mister Pip by Lloyd Jones becomes a global bestseller, wins the Commonwealth Writers' Prize[19] and is shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize[20]
• 2008 – Amitav Ghosh launches his epic Ibis trilogy with Sea of Poppies, shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize[21]
• 2008 – Down River by John Hart wins Edgar Award for Best Novel[22]
• 2008 – The Secret Life of Words by Henry Hitchings wins the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize
• 2009 – The Last Child by John Hart wins CWA Ian Fleming Steel Dagger/ITV Thriller of the Year Award, and the Edgar Award for Best Novel
• 2009 – Martyr by Rory Clements, special mention in CWA Ellis Peters Historical Fiction Award
• 2009 – Up in the Air by Walter Kirn turned into a film starring George Clooney
• 2010 – Revenger by Rory Clements wins CWA Ellis Peters Historical Fiction Award
• 2010 – Film Sarah's Key, starring Kristin Scott Thomas, released, based on Tatiana de Rosnay's novel of the same name
• 2010 – Wait For Me! by Deborah Devonshire shortlisted for the British Book Awards Biography of the Year
• 2011 – Mistaken by Neil Jordan wins Irish Book of the Year Award
• 2012 – Icelight by Aly Monroe wins CWA Ellis Peters Historical Fiction Award[23]
• 2012 – Lloyd Jones's Mister Pip adapted into a film starring Hugh Laurie
• 2012 – Patrick Leigh Fermor: An Adventure by Artemis Cooper shortlisted for the Costa Biography Award, the Waterstone's Book of the Year Award and the National Book Awards Biography of the Year
• 2020 – The Stonemason (book): A History of Building Britain by Andrew Ziminski.

• Up in the Air (2009) – based on the novel by Walter Kirn, starring George Clooney and Anna Kendrick
• Sarah's Key (2010) – based on the novel by Tatiana de Rosnay, starring Kristin Scott Thomas
• Mister Pip (2012) – based on the novel by Lloyd Jones, starring Hugh Laurie

• Smiles, Samuel (1891). A Publisher and His Friends: Memoir and Correspondence of the Late John Murray. London: John Murray. ISBN 1-4068-0582-3.
• Zachs, William (1998). The first John Murray: and the late eighteenth-century London book trade. British Academy postdoctoral fellowship monographs. Oxford: British Academy/Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-726191-4.
• Carpenter, Humphrey (2008). The Seven Lives of John Murray: The Story of a Publishing Dynasty. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-6533-5.
• Cutmore, Jonathan (2008). Contributors to the Quarterly Review: A History 1809–1825. London: Pickering and Chatto. ISBN 978-1-85196-952-4.
• McClay, David (2018). Dear Mr Murray: Letters to a Gentleman Publisher. London: Hodder. ISBN 978-1-47366-269-8.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Murray Publishers.

• Official website
• John Murray's channel on YouTube
• National Library of Scotland - John Murray archive (accessed 20 October 2016)
• Works by John Murray III (1808–1892) at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about John Murray at Internet Archive
• Works by John Murray at Hathi Trust
• Darwin Project, a project to publish all of the correspondence of Charles Darwin, including his correspondence with Murray.