Lagardère Group

Louis Hachette’s 1826 acquisition of Parisian bookstore Brédif was the starting point for what would one day be the Lagardère Group. Hachette published magazines dedicated to public entertainment (Le Journal pour Tous ["Everyone's Newspaper"], 1855), and also took part in publishing the Dictionnaire de la Langue française ("Dictionary of the French Language") with his friend Littré beginning in 1863. In 1953, Hachette launched Le Livre de Poche with Henri Filipacchi.

Created in 1945, Matra (Mechanics/Aviation/Traction) was the company behind several technological projects: creating a twin-engine airplane prototype able to travel at 800 km/h, breaking the sound barrier at Mach 1.4 in vertical flight for the first time in Europe. In 1990, Matra Espace and the aerospace division of Gec Marconi came together to create Matra Marconi Space. Matra Hautes Technologies joined the aerospace industry, and officially became Aerospatiale Matra on June 11, 1999. EADS, or the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company, later Airbus, was founded on July 10, 2000, from the merger of Aérospatiale Matra SA, Aeronauticas SA, and DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG. It officially launched the A380 program that same year. The aircraft would make its first flight in 2005.

In 1963, Jean-Luc Lagardère was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Matra, with 1,450 employees. In 1981, he became head of Hachette. In 1988, the group's first overseas acquisition was of Grolier Encyclopedias in the United States. In 1992, after a major year-long restructuring, Matra Hachette and Lagardère group were created. In 1990, Jean-Luc Lagardère turned to television, and became head of La Cinq, which had been suffering from financial problems since it began operations in 1986. The network's financial problems would worsen after Lagardère took control, and La Cinq ultimately ceased operations on 12 April 1992 (it would be replaced by France 5 in late 1994).

In 1994, Hachette Livre launched the first multimedia encyclopedia, Axis. Also in 1994, Matra Hachette Multimedia presented EPSIS, the first image-substitution process for advertising. In 1998, Hachette Multimedia was born of the consolidation of the multimedia division of Hachette Livre and Grolier Interactive (online educational services). A strategic agreement signed in 2000 by Lagardère and Deutsche Telekom to provide Internet service led to the merger of T-Online and Club-Internet.

In 1995 Hachette acquired UCS, Canada's leading newsstand chain,[4] and became the third largest operator in the international retail press trade. In 1996, Hachette Livre acquired the Hatier Group. In 1997, Hachette Livre won a string of literary prizes, including the Prix Goncourt and the Prix de l'Académie française with La Bataille (The Battle) by Patrick Rambaud (Grasset). That same year, Europe 1 and Club-Internet launched Europe Info. In 2000, Hachette Distribution Services created Relay, an international brand specializing in selling media products at public points of sale. That same year, Lagardère and Canal+ got into digital television. In 2001, Lagardère acquired the Virgin Stores brand and Virgin Megastore in France. Hachette Filipacchi Médias has continued its growth by taking a 42% stake in the Marie-Claire Group.

With the death of Jean-Luc Lagardère on March 14, 2003, Arnaud Lagardère was appointed General Partner of Lagardère SCA. That same year, Lagardère sold off its interest in Renault as well as its automotive engineering business. In 2004, the Group acquired Vivendi Universal Publishing. After antitrust review, Lagardère kept 40% of the company, including the imprints Larousse, Dalloz, Dunod, Nathan, Armand Colin, and Sedes, and the Spanish division Grupo Anaya.[5] The remainder was sold in 2004 under the name of Editis. Lagardère took advantage of the growth of TNT to launch the youth channel Gulli in partnership with France Télévisions.

In 2006, Arnaud Lagardère created Lagardère Sports, a new subsidiary of the Group specializing in sports economics and sporting rights. Lagardère also became the new franchisee of the Croix-Catelan (Bois de Boulogne, Paris) and the Rue Eblé sports and recreation sites, for a twenty-year period. On May 31, 2010, Lagardère Sports changed its name and became Lagardère Unlimited, a new branch of the group specializing in sport industry and entertainment.[6]

On July 8, 2015, Lagardère Services was renamed Lagardère Travel Retail. On September 15, 2015, agencies of the Lagardère Group announced that they are being renamed under a common corporate brand: Lagardère Sports and Entertainment. This new brand will replace the brand of Lagardère Unlimited as one of the four divisions of the Lagardère Group. In addition, all sports marketing agencies within this division, including Sportfive, World Sport Group, IEC in Sports, Sports Marketing and Management and Lagardère Unlimited Inc., will now be unified under a single commercial brand, being Lagardère Sports with all entertainment businesses under the brand Lagardère Live Entertainment.[7]

Seventeen years after the creation of the limited partnership disputed by an American activist, the SCA (the French limited partnership with shares) was confirmed by nearly 80% of shareholders at the Shareholders Meeting on April 27, 2010.[8]

On March 28, 2011, Lagardère SCA signed a contract for the sale of its international magazine business totaling 102 titles to Hearst Corporation for €651 million.[9] The transaction includes a Master License Agreement (MLA) relating to the ELLE trademark in the 15 countries affected by the transfer, in return for which the Group will receive an annual recurring royalty payment. Lagardère will retain complete ownership of its magazine business operations in France and of its ELLE trademark throughout the world. The closing of the transaction remains subject to approval by local partners in certain countries as well as to certain customary governmental approvals and antitrust clearances in certain jurisdictions.

In January 2016, Lagardère sold the endurance sports division to the World Triathlon Corporation. The transaction includes the ITU World Triathlon Series races in Hamburg, Abu Dhabi, Kapstadt, Leeds, and Stockholm; other running events like the Hamburg-Marathon, Hawkes Bay International Marathon, Marathon de Bordeaux, Queenstown Marathon and The Music Runs; and cycling events like the Cyclassics Hamburg, Velothon Berlin, Velothon Wales, Velothon Copenhagen, Velothon Stockholm, Velothon Stuttgart.[10]

Lagardère Publishing acquired Perseus Books[11] (2016), Bookouture[12] (2017), La Plage[13] (2018) and Worthy Publishing Group[14] (2018), Gigamic,[15] Blackrock Games[16] and Short Books (2019).[17] Lagardère Travel Retail completed the acquisitions of Paradies[18] (2015) as well as Hojeij Branded Foods[19] (2018) and International Duty Free (2019).[20]

Since the first half of 2018, a plan to sell the Group's media assets (excluding Paris Match, Le Journal du Dimanche, Europe 1, Virgin Radio, RFM and the Elle brand licence) has been underway at Lagardère Active. The Group has already divested a large number of assets, including international radio operations, the main digital assets (including e-Health), the interest in Marie Claire. In 2019, Lagardère finalised the sale of most of the magazine publishing titles in France,[21][22] the TV businesses[23] as well as the stake in Mezzo[24] and Disney Hachette Presse.[25]

As part of its strategic refocusing, and as announced on 16 December 2019, the Lagardère group finalized, on 22 April 2020, the sale of 75 per cent of Lagardère Sports (excluding Lagardère Live Entertainment) to Hamburg-based private equity firm H.I.G. Capital.[26]

In May 2020, the Group resisted a demand for the replacement of most of the board members, which was submitted by Amber Capital, its new largest shareholder.[27] In August, a peer French media conglomerate Vivendi raised its stake in the Group to 23.5 percent, the highest among all shareholders including Amber having raised its own by 2 percent to 20 percent, and made a pact with the fund, in which the two jointly request four seats, three for Amber and one for Vivendi, on the board.[28]

In November 2020, Lagardere Studios was sold to Mediawan.[29]