Jonas Mukamba Kadiata Nzemba

Jonas Mukamba Kadiata Nzemba (born January 4, 1931) is a politician from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and former CEO of the state-run diamond company. Between August 1965 and October 1968 he was governor in turn of South Kasai, Kasaï-Oriental, Équateur and Orientale Province. He was again governor of Équateur Province between 27 August 1980 and 19 March 1983.[1]

Jonas Mukamba Kadiata Nzemba
Governor of Sud-Kasaï Province
In office
August 1965  25 April 1966
Preceded byJoseph Ngalula
Succeeded by.
Governor of Kasaï Oriental Province
In office
25 April 1966  3 January 1967
Preceded by.
Succeeded byHenri-Désiré Takizala
Governor of Équateur Province
In office
3 January 1967  9 August 1968
Preceded byLéon Engulu
Succeeded byDenis Paluku
Governor of Orientale Province
In office
9 August 1968  19 October 1968
Preceded byMichel Denge
Succeeded byAnaclet Kaniki
Governor of Équateur Province
In office
27 August 1980  19 March 1983
Preceded byMpambia Musanga Bekaja
Succeeded byKititwa Tumansi Benga Tundu

Biography

MIBA

Zaire's president Mobutu Sese Seko appointed Nzemba the chief executive officer of the state's main diamond mining company, the Societé minière de Bakwanga (MIBA) in 1986. Based in the city of Mbuji-Mayi, formerly Bakwanga, the company provided as much as 80 percent of the world's industrial diamonds, but other than mining operations which provided much-needed hard currency, the region was widely neglected by Mobutu and the central government. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Zaire and Mobutu paid little attention to Mbuji-Mayi, offering almost no money to build roads, schools or hospitals.

In the political vacuum, MIBA, stepped in. In the place of the federal government, MIBA invested heavily in the region - repairing roads, paying soldiers and supplying water and electricity to the city from its own power station. The company set up a social fund of $5 to $6 million a year, or roughly 8 percent of its annual budget. This money not only went for infrastructure repair, but also to fund a new university.[2]

These investments and position as largest employer made Nzemba one of the most powerful men in the region, and de facto governor of Mbuji-Mayi. Nzemba was considered one of the more powerful players in Mobutu's political party, the Mouvement Populaire pour le Revolution (MPR), but also called himself a "brother" of Étienne Tshisekedi, a popular local political figure and Mobutu's most significant political opposition.[3]

During his time as head of MIBA, Nzemba is credited with creating the Conference pour le Developpement Economique de Kasai Oriental (CDEKO), a regional economic development group in the early 1990s.[4] Nzemba also backed the creation of the University of Kasai, which was jointly sponsored by MIBA and the local Catholic church, and which became the home base of CDEKO. The new organization spearheaded economic growth in Mbuji-Mayi, helping support the development of new agricultural and beer industry expansion around the city, and launched Wetrafa, a locally owned airline.[3]

But, Mobutu's willingness to let Nzemba control the province through MIBA came at a price - Nzemba may have skimmed as much as $1.5 to $2 million a month to send to Mobutu's personal bank accounts.[5]

As the First Congo War broke out, Nzemba initially sided with Mobutu against the rebels led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila, but as Kabila's Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire (AFDL or ADFLC) approached the city, Nzemba quickly switched sides. Nzemba declared that he was ready to work with AFDL a week before the fall of Mbuji-Mayi.[6]

When the city fell to the rebels on April 4, 1997, Nzemba was summoned to Goma to speak with Kabila, who held him for several days, prompting his family to purchase advertising in newspapers publicizing their concerns for his safety.[7] Nzemba was released shortly after, but MIBA began making "voluntary contributions" to Kabila's war effort - totaling an estimated $5.5 million in 1997 and 1998.[8]

Post Civil War

He ran for president in the 2006 presidential election.

References

  1. "Congo (Kinshasa) Provinces", Rulers.org, retrieved 2020-08-05
  2. "The diamond city". The Economist. London. 15 March 1997. pp. 42–43.
  3. United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs Integrated Regional Information Network for the Great Lakes (21 March 1997). "Zaire: IRIN Briefing Part VI: Kasai, 3/21/97". University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
  4. "Who's Who No. 129 - Jonas M. Kadiata Nzemba". Africa Mining Intelligence. Indigo Publications. 29 March 2006. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
  5. Wrong, Michela (2002), "5", In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo, HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-093443-3
  6. Prunier, Gérard (2009). Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan genocide, and the making of a continental catastrophe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-19-975420-5.
  7. United Nations Integrated Regional Information Networks (17 April 1997). "IRIN Emergency Update No.152 on the Great Lakes". Archived from the original on 19 October 2011.
  8. Misser, F (2000). "Democratic Republic of the Congo: Kabila turns diamonds to dust". African Business. London: IC Publications. pp. 31–32. Archived from the original on 2012-06-14. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
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