Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri

Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri
Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri
	الجنيد بن عبد الرحمن المري
Governor of Sindh
	In office; 725-726
Monarch	Hisham
Preceded by	Ubaydallah ibn 'Ali al-Sulami
Succeeded by	Tamim ibn Zaid al-Utbi
Personal details
Died	734/735
Parents	Abd al-Rahman al-Murri (father)
Military service
Battles/wars	Muslim conquest of Sindh and Multan; Battle of Aror

Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri Al.Raie (Arabic: الراعي الجنيد بن عبد الرحمن المري‎) was the Arab governor of Sindh from 723-726 A.D.[1] He started invading Indian kingdoms. After subduing Sindh, Junayd sent campaigns to various parts of India. The justification was that these parts had previously paid tribute to Bin Qasim but then stopped. The first target was al-Kiraj (possibly Kangra valley), whose conquest effectively put an end to the kingdom. A large campaign was carried out in Rajasthan which included Mermad (Maru-Mala, in Jaisalmer and north Jodhpur), al-Baylaman (Bhillamala or Bhinmal) and Jurz (Gurjara country—southern Rajasthan and north Gujarat). Another force was sent against Uzayn (Ujjain), which made incursions into its country (Avanti) and some parts of it were destroyed (the city of Baharimad, unidentified). Ujjain itself may not have been conquered. A separate force was also sent against al-Malibah (Malwa, to the east of Ujjain[2]), but the outcome is not recorded; probably unsuccessful.

Towards the North, the Arabs attempted to expand into Punjab, but they could not advance beyond Multan. While the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate was a factor in this, art historian Hermann Goetz theorizes that the resistance from Lalitaditya Muktapida, the emperor of Kashmir, may also have played a part in this.[3] Historian Mohibbul Hasan theorizes that Junayd marched towards Kashmir, but was defeated by Lalitaditya.[4] Another force was dispatched south. It subdued Qassa (Kutch), al-Mandal (perhaps Okha), Dahnaj (unidentified), Surast (Saurashtra) and Barus or Barwas (Broach). The kingdoms weakened or destroyed included the Bhattis of Jaisalmer, the Gurjaras of Bhinmal, the Mauryas of Chittor, the Guhilots of Mewar, the Kacchelas of Kutch, the Maitrakas of Saurashtra and the Gurjaras of Nandipuri.

References

Wink, André. Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Volume 1: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th Centuries. 3rd ed. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996. ISBN 90-04-09249-8
Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). Malwa through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D. Motilal Banarsidas. p. 10. ISBN 9788120808249.
- Hermann Goetz (1969). Studies in the History and Art of Kashmir and the Indian Himalaya. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. p. 11. OCLC 586049160.
Hasan, Mohibbul (1959). Kashmir Under the Sultans. Delhi: Aakar Books. p. 30. In the reign of Caliph Hisham (724–43) the Arabs of Sindh under their energetic and ambitious governor Junaid again threatened Kashmir. But Lalitaditya (724–60), who was the ruler of Kashmir at this time, defeated him and overran his kingdom. His victory was, however, not decisive for the Arab aggression did not cease. That is why the Kashmiri ruler, pressed by them from the south and by the Turkish tribes and the Tibetans from the north, had to invoke the help of the Chinese emperor and to place himself under his protection. But, although he did not receive any aid, he was able to stem the tide of Arab advance by his own efforts.

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[1] Wink, André. Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Volume 1: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th Centuries. 3rd ed. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996. ISBN 90-04-09249-8

[2] Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). Malwa through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D. Motilal Banarsidas. p. 10. ISBN 9788120808249.

[3] Hermann Goetz (1969). Studies in the History and Art of Kashmir and the Indian Himalaya. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. p. 11. OCLC 586049160.

[4] Hermann Goetz (1969). Studies in the History and Art of Kashmir and the Indian Himalaya. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. p. 11. OCLC 586049160.

[4] Hasan, Mohibbul (1959). Kashmir Under the Sultans. Delhi: Aakar Books. p. 30. In the reign of Caliph Hisham (724–43) the Arabs of Sindh under their energetic and ambitious governor Junaid again threatened Kashmir. But Lalitaditya (724–60), who was the ruler of Kashmir at this time, defeated him and overran his kingdom. His victory was, however, not decisive for the Arab aggression did not cease. That is why the Kashmiri ruler, pressed by them from the south and by the Turkish tribes and the Tibetans from the north, had to invoke the help of the Chinese emperor and to place himself under his protection. But, although he did not receive any aid, he was able to stem the tide of Arab advance by his own efforts.