Kanyarkali

Kanniyar Kali (Malayalam: കന്നിയാർ കളി) is a folk dance ritual performed in Temples of villages in Alathur and Chittur Taluk of Palakkad district of Kerala. The event is usually a part of Vishu celebrations of the village and usually succeeds the Vela ( Village Fair) and is usually performed during the months of April and May. It is an agricultural festival dance of Nair community.[1] Kanniyar Kali, despite the name of the Virgin, does not have anything to do with the Kannaki cult.[2]

The Erattakudan purattu of kanyarkali

Vattakali being performed

Kanniyar Kali is in no way connected with the Kaniyar community, a community of authentic astrologers of Kerala. [3]

The Dance

The dance is performed at night and ends at dawn and is conducted for four consecutive nights .In certain villages it is conducted only for three consecutive nights.

The dances start every night with the men of the community gathering in the temples and performing a rhythmic circular dance called vattakali(vattakali literally means a circular dance). The vattakali is followed by several 'puraattu[4]' , which literally means farce. The purattu does not have a standard format and each purattu lasts for an hour approximately. The purattu depicts the life and social customs of various castes and tribes of medieval Kerala and Tamil Nadu.Since the purattu depict various heterogeneous castes and tribes , the various purattus have different costumes,style of dancing and songs with different tempos.Certain purattu which depict fierce tribes or warrior tribes have performances resembling stick fights and martial movements whereas certain other purattus have slow and rhythmic movements. Certain purattus are laced with humor and depict a scenario wherein a long lost husband and wife have a reunion.[5]

It is performed in a specially made square stage called as pandal. The pandal is located in front of the temple or its premises. It consists of a lighted lamp in the centre and consists of a roof supported by nine pillars. The singers occupy the central position of the stage and the dancers dance along the periphery of the pandal in a circular manner.

The songs are mostly in Malayalam and certain purattus have songs in which there is a heavy influence of Tamil.

The accompanying instruments are the Elatalam, Chenda and the chengalam. Maddalam is an accompaniment in vattakali.

The participants are solely men and women are represented by cross-dressing men who imitate the body language and way of speaking of women.

References
  1. Malayalam Literary Survay, Volume 1, Issue 2-4. Kerala Sahithya Akademi, 1977. p. 185.
  2. T. Madhava Menon. A Handbook of Kerala, Volume 2. International School of Dravidian Linguistics, 2002. p. 423.
  3. Chummar Choondal. Studies in Folklore of Kerala. College Book House. p. 78.
  4. "http://bp2.blogger.com/_pPLZpYqWVgY/SIMjFHRJY2I/AAAAAAAAABw/1zW7qQv-Gm0/s1600-h/1.jpg". External link in |title= (help)
  5. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00520537/

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