Kepler-16

Kepler-16 is an eclipsing binary star system in the constellation of Cygnus[7] that was targeted by the Kepler spacecraft. Both stars are smaller than the Sun; the primary, Kepler-16A, is a K-type main-sequence star and the secondary, Kepler-16B, is an M-type red dwarf. They are separated by 0.22 AU, and complete an orbit around a common center of mass every 41 days.

The Kepler-16 system.
Kepler-16 A/B

An artist's rendering of the Kepler-16 system, showing the binary star being orbited by Kepler-16b.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension 19h 16m 18.1759s[1]
Declination +51° 45 26.778[1]
Characteristics
Spectral type K / M[2]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ) RA: 14.041±0.054[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −48.601±0.051[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)13.2893 ± 0.0271[1] mas
Distance245.4 ± 0.5 ly
(75.2 ± 0.2 pc)
Orbit[3]
PrimaryKepler-16A
CompanionKepler-16B
Period (P)41.079220 (± 0.000078) d
Semi-major axis (a)0.22431 (± 0.00035) AU
Eccentricity (e)0.15944 (± 0.00062)
Inclination (i)90.30401 (± 0.0019)°
Longitude of the node (Ω)0°
Periastron epoch (T)BJD 2455212.12316
Argument of periastron (ω)
(secondary)
263.464 (± 0.027)°
Details
Kepler-16A
Mass0.6897 (± 0.0035) M
Radius0.6489 (± 0.0013) R
Luminosity0.148[4] L
Surface gravity (log g)4.6527 (± 0.0017) cgs
Temperature4450 (± 150) K
Metallicity [Fe/H]-0.3 (± 0.2) dex
Rotation35.1 ± 1.0 days[5]
Kepler-16B
Mass0.20255 (± 0.00065) M
Radius0.22623 (± 0.00059) R
Luminosity~0.0057[4] L
Surface gravity (log g)5.0358 (± 0.0017) cgs
Temperature~3311[4] K
Other designations
Gaia DR2 2133476355197071616, KOI-1611, KIC 12644769, GSC 03554-01147, 2MASS J19161817+5145267[6]
Database references
SIMBADdata
KICdata

The system is host to one known extrasolar planet in circumbinary orbit: the Saturn-sized Kepler-16b.

Planetary system

Kepler-16b is a gas giant that orbits the two stars in the Kepler-16 system.[3] The planet is a third of Jupiter's mass and slightly smaller than Saturn at 0.7538 Jupiter radii, but is more dense. Kepler-16b completes a nearly circular orbit every 228.776 days.

The Kepler-16 planetary system[8]
Companion
(in order from star)
Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)
Orbital period
(days)
Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 0.333 MJ 0.7048 228.776 0.0069 90.032° 0.7538 RJ

References

  1. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia Data Release 2 catalog entry
  2. Jean Schneider (2011). "Notes for star Kepler-16 (AB)". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  3. Doyle, Laurance R.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Slawson, Robert W.; Howell, Steve B.; Winn, Joshua N.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Prša, Andrej; Welsh, William F.; et al. (2011). "Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet". Science. 333 (6049): 1602–6. arXiv:1109.3432. Bibcode:2011Sci...333.1602D. doi:10.1126/science.1210923. PMID 21921192. S2CID 206536332.
  4. Haghighipour, Nader; Kaltenegger, Lisa (24 October 2013). "Calculating the Habitable Zone of Binary Star Systems. II. P-type Binaries". The Astrophysical Journal. 777 (2): 13. arXiv:1306.2890. Bibcode:2013ApJ...777..166H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/166. S2CID 118494204.
  5. Winn, Joshua N.; et al. (2011). "Spin-Orbit Alignment for the Circumbinary Planet Host Kepler-16 A". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 741 (1). L1. arXiv:1109.3198. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741L...1W. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/741/1/L1.
  6. "Kepler-16". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-08-09.
  7. Drake, Nadia. "On Kepler-16b, shadows come in pairs". Science News. Society for Science & the Public. Archived from the original on 28 August 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  8. Jean Schneider (2011). "Notes for Planet Kepler-16 (AB) b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2011.

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