Khmer Renovation

Khmer Renovation (Khmer: គណបក្ស កំណែទម្រង់ខ្មែរ; French: parti de rénovation Khmère), also translated as Khmer Renewal, was an anti-communist, nationalist and royalist political party founded in Cambodia in September 1947. In 1955, it became one of the core elements of the Sangkum political movement of Prince Norodom Sihanouk.

Khmer Renovation
LeaderSisowath Monipong
FounderLon Nol and Nhiek Tioulong
FoundedSeptember 1947
Dissolved1955
Merged intoSangkum
IdeologyKhmer nationalism
Monarchism[1]
Conservatism[1]
Political positionCentre-right
ReligionTheravada Buddhism
National affiliationSangkum

The party is mainly significant because key members Lon Nol and Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak would go on to lead the right-wing coup of 1970 against Sihanouk and his Sangkum regime.

History

The party was formed by the politician and soldier Nhiek Tioulong and police chief Lon Nol.[2] Its nominal leader was the respected Prince Sisowath Monipong, one of the two sons of King Sisowath Monivong and one of the candidates for the throne passed over in favour of Sihanouk in 1941. Other prominent members included Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum, who acted as an adviser to Tioulong and Nol in founding the party, and Chuop Hell.

The party, known informally as the "Renos",[3] had a socially conservative and royalist programme - albeit far more pro-independence than that of the similarly conservative Liberal Party of Prince Norodom Norindeth - and attracted high-ranking bureaucrats and several members of the royal family as well as military officers.[4] Khmer Renovation's "quasi-feudalist" perspective, which emphasised Cambodia and its monarchy's place in world history and the postcolonial order, was symbolised by its chosen symbol of the Earth Goddess superimposed on a map of the protectorate.[3] It published a newspaper, Khmera or Rénovation, in both French and Khmer versions.[3] Monipong was to become the Prime Minister of a 'unity' government between June 1950 and February 1951.

Lon Nol led the party to the polls in the 1951 elections, where - despite receiving 9.1% of the total vote - it won a total of 2 seats in the Assembly.[4]

Although the Khmer Renovation Party had only limited electoral success - neither Lon Nol nor Sirik Matak, later to become prominent politicians, won seats while a party member - it became one of the main political groupings behind the formation of the Sangkum of Prince Sihanouk.[5] Nhiek Tioulong was to become Prime Minister under the Sangkum, and was later to become a prominent figure in the pro-royalist FUNCINPEC organisation. Lon Nol was also to become Prime Minister, but along with Sirik Matak was to lead the 1970 coup deposing Sihanouk and instigating the Khmer Republic.

References
  1. "1955 polls: the Sangkum takes hold". phnompenhpost.com. 13 February 1998. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  2. Corfield, J. History of Cambodia, ABC-CLIO, 2009, p.57
  3. Corfield, J. and Summers, L. Historical Dictionary of Cambodia, Scarecrow Press, p.223
  4. Fukui, Haruhiro. Political parties of Asia and the Pacific, V.1, Greenwood Press, 1985, p.642
  5. Kiernan, B. How Pol Pot came to Power, Yale University Press, 2004, p.158
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