King John III Palace Museum, Wilanów

The Museum of King John III's Palace at Wilanów[1] (Polish: Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie) is a museum in Warsaw, Poland considered to be one of the oldest in the country and the repository of the country's royal and artistic heritage. The collection consists of valuables collected by subsequent owners of the Wilanów Palace, the Kings of Poland - John III Sobieski and Augustus II, as well as by representatives of noble families of Potocki, and Lubomirski and a collection of Sarmatian art.

Museum of King John III's Palace at Wilanów
Interior of the Wilanów Palace
Established1805
Locationul. Stanislawa Kostki Potockiego 10/16
Warsaw, Poland
Typepalace museum
DirectorPaweł Jaskanis
Websitewilanow-palac.pl

History

The Wilanów Palace was first opened to the public in 1805, when the owners of the Palace, Stanisław Kostka Potocki and his wife Aleksandra Lubomirska created a museum, one of the first public museums in Poland.[2] In 1877 the museum was popularized by the publication entitled Wilanów. Album widoków i pamiątek... edited by Hipolit Skimborowicz and Wojciech Gerson.[2] This was followed in 1893 by a guide over the Palace and its collections.[2]

After the Second World War, the palace was renovated, and most of the collection, which had been stolen by Nazi Germany, was repatriated.[2] Under the Communist agrarian reform, the Wilanów estate became the property of the state.[2] In 1954 the extensive revitalization palace and the park began in 1962 with the opening of the museum as a branch of the National Museum in Warsaw.[2] In following years the number of visitors to the palace and gardens reached 400,000 people per year.[2] In 1983, on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Battle of Vienna, the museum organized a jubilee exhibition "Glory and fame of John III in art and literature".[2] In 1995 the Palace Museum was established as an independent entity under the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage.[2]

The Museum regularly organizes temporary exhibitions, conferences and seminars, conducts research, publishes books and organizes educational activities dedicated to both cultural and natural values of the Wilanów residence.[2] In September 2013 the museum was renamed as the Museum of King John III's Palace at Wilanów.[2]

Collection

The palace's collection started with its establishment by King John III Sobieski, who collected works of art and objects of everyday use.[3] Only a fraction of King's collection survived to this day in the museum's current holdings, including two still life paintings by Abraham Mignon, portrait paintings and furnishings like Chinese quilt of Kings' wife Marysieńka.[3] Originally the Royal belongings included 6 paintings by Rembrandt[3] and Johannes Vermeer's Loveletter,[4] scattered after King's death. The subsequent owners re-estabslished and enriched the collection with paintings by Lucas Cranach the Elder, Peter Paul Rubens, Jan Lievens, Charles Le Brun, Pompeo Batoni, Angelika Kauffmann and Anton Graff, among others.[3] The Equestrian Portrait of Stanisław Kostka Potocki, painted in 1781 by Jacques-Louis David, is among the most precious paintings of the collection.[5] The acquisitions also included examples of European and Polish goldsmithery (e.g. Decorative platter by Hans Jacob Mair), biscuits, craft, objects from the Far East (e.g. Japanese nanban table adorned with mother-of-pearl), antiquities (e.g. Red - figure amphora by the Painter of the Louvre Gigantomachia and marble bust of a prince of the Julio-Claudian dynasty) and Royal memorabilia (e.g. dressing table of Queen Marysieńka).[3]

Collection highlights
  • Sculpture and Applied arts
  • Figurine of Shou Xing, Qing Dynasty
  • Tray with the triumph of John III, Johann Gottfried Holl
  • Bust of Marie Casimire Sobieska, Jacques Prou
  • Celestial globe, by Karl Christian Ludwig Adami

See also

Notes
  1. "Contact". wilanow-palac.pl. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  2. "Historia muzeum". wilanow-palac.pl. Retrieved 9 March 2014. "Muzeum wilanowskie jest najstarszym polskim muzeum sztuki. Zostało założone w 1805 roku z inicjatywy ówczesnych właścicieli Aleksandry i Stanisława Kostki Potockich. (...) W 1877 roku spopularyzowało je wydawnictwo Hipolita Skimborowicza i Wojciecha Gersona „Wilanów. Album widoków i pamiątek...”; w 1893 roku wydano zaś przewodnik po pałacu w Wilanowie i jego kolekcji. Po drugiej wojnie światowej, na mocy reformy rolnej, majątek wilanowski przeszedł na własność państwa. Od końca lat 40. aż do połowy lat 50. rewindykowano zbiory z terenów Niemiec, Austrii i ZSRR. Od 1954 roku w pałacu i parku rozpoczęły się szeroko zakrojone prace rewitalizacyjne. (...) Uroczystego otwarcia pałacu w Wilanowie jako oddziału Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie dokonano 10 września 1962 roku; dwa dni później, w rocznicę odsieczy wiedeńskiej, pałac udostępniono publiczności. W latach 70. XX wieku liczba odwiedzających pałac i ogrody wilanowskie sięgnęła 400 tysięcy osób rocznie. W 1983 roku w Wilanowie z okazji 300. rocznicy odsieczy wiedeńskiej zorganizowano jubileuszową wystawę „Chwała i sława Jana III w sztuce i literaturze”. W 1995 roku Muzeum Pałac w Wilanowie stało się niezależną od Muzeum Narodowego instytucją, podległą Ministerstwu Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego. Muzeum regularnie organizuje wystawy czasowe, konferencje i seminaria naukowe, prowadzi badania naukowe, wydaje książki naukowe i popularnonaukowe, organizuje zajęcia edukacyjne poświęcone zarówno wartościom kulturowym, jak i przyrodniczym wilanowskiej rezydencji. (...) We wrześniu 2013 roku muzeum zmieniło nazwę na Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie.
  3. "History of the collection". wilanow-palac.pl. Retrieved 9 March 2014. Already Jan III collected works of art and exquisite objects of everyday use. However, only a fraction of his collection – which included 6 paintings by Rembrandt, among others – survived to this day. Of the museum’s current holdings, only a few works can be tied to the sponsorship of the first owner of the palace. With a significant dose of probability, this list would include two marvellous still lifes by Abraham van Mignon (...) Among his possessions, one may find excellent examples of European and Polish painting, goldsmithery, biscuits, craft, including an imposing collection of objects from the Far East. Potocki also sought out memorabilia of the first owners of the Palace, the Sobieski family. (...) The rich collection of paintings at the palace included works of Lucas Cranach, Peter Paul Rubens, Jan Lievens, Eustache le Sueur, Pompeo Batoni, Angelika Kauffmann, and Anton Graff, among others.
  4. Wanda Drecka (1977). Na tropach obrazów ze zbiorów Jana III Sobieskiego (PDF). Studia Wilanowskie I. p. 135. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  5. "The most precious painting of the collection". wilanow-palac.pl. Retrieved 9 March 2014.

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