Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd

The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (Arabic: مملكة الحجاز ونجد‎, Mamlakat al-Ḥijāz wa-Najd), initially the Kingdom of Hejaz and Sultanate of Nejd (مملكة الحجاز وسلطنة نجد, Mamlakat al-Ḥijāz wa-Salṭanat Najd), was a dual monarchy ruled by Ibn Saud following the victory of the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd over the Hashemite Kingdom of the Hejaz in 1925. It was the third iteration of the Saudi state.

Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd

مملكة الحجاز ونجد
Mamlakat al-Ḥijāz wa-Najd
1926–1932
Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
StatusDual monarchy of the Hejaz and Nejd
CapitalMecca (Hejaz)
Riyadh (Nejd)
Common languagesArabic
Religion
Sunni Islam
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
King 
• 1926-1932
Abdul Aziz ibn Saud
Viceroy 
• 1926-1932
Faisal (Hejaz)
• 1926-1932
Saud (Nejd)
Historical eraInterwar period
19 December 1925
• Ibn Saud crowned King of Hejaz
8 January 1926
• Nejd decreed a kingdom
29 January 1927
• Saudi Arabia established
23 September 1932
Area
19322,149,690 km2 (830,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1932
2,439,000
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Sultanate of Nejd
Kingdom of Hejaz
Saudi Arabia
Today part of Saudi Arabia
 Yemen
 Oman
 United Arab Emirates
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In 1932 the two kingdoms were unified as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

History

On 8 January 1926, Ibn Saud, the Sultan of Nejd, was crowned King of the Hejaz in the Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, and he elevated Nejd to the status of a kingdom on 29 January 1927.[1] At the Treaty of Jeddah on 20 May 1927, Ibn Saud's realm was recognised by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and was addressed as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.

For the next five years, Ibn Saud administered the two parts of his dual kingdom as separate units. On 23 September 1932, Ibn Saud proclaimed the union of the main Saudi dominions of al-Hasa, Qatif, Nejd and the Hejaz as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Foreign policy

The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd could pursue its expansionist policy by British arms supplies because of its close relations with the United Kingdom. Under Ibn Saud, the Hejaz withdrew from the League of Nations.

In 1926, the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd was recognised by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, followed by the United States of America in 1931. By 1932, the United Kingdom, the USSR, Turkey, the Imperial State of Iran and The Netherlands maintained legations in Jeddah; The French Third Republic, the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Egypt maintained unofficial consular representatives.

King of Nejd and Hejaz (1926–1932)

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Abdulaziz
  • Ibn Saud
  • عبد العزيز
(1876-11-26)26 November 1876 – 9 November 1953(1953-11-09) (aged 76)8 January 192622 September 1932Son of Abdul Rahman bin Faisal and Sarah Al SudairiSaud

Notes
  1. Joseph Kostiner, The Making of Saudi Arabia, 1916–1936: From Chieftaincy to Monarchical State (Oxford University Press US, 1993), ISBN 0-19-507440-8, p. 104.

Sources

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