Kingdom of Loathing

Kingdom of Loathing (abbreviated KoL) is a browser-based multiplayer role-playing game designed and operated by Asymmetric Publications, including creator Zack "Jick" Johnson with a small team. The game was released in 2003, with ongoing small updates continually released.

Kingdom of Loathing
The Kingdom of Loathing logo.
Developer(s)Asymmetric Publications
Publisher(s)Asymmetric Publications
Designer(s)Zack "Jick" Johnson
Platform(s)Web browser
Release10 February 2003 (2003-02-10)
Genre(s)Turn-based role-playing game
Mode(s)Single-player with some multiplayer interaction

It uses hand-drawn stick figure graphics and writing characterized by surreal humor, word play, parody and references to popular culture. In KoL, a player's character fights monsters for experience, and acquiring meat (the game's currency), and/or items, through a turn-based system. Players may also interact with each other through player versus player competition, participate in the in-game economy by trading goods and services, organize their characters into clans, work together to complete clan dungeons, and speak to each other in many different chat channels.

The game is also particularly notable for managing to be financially successful purely from donations and the purchase of merchandise rather than from advertising or subscription fees, which are used by many online games. In 2008, the game had between 100,000 and 150,000 regular players. These players form an active community which frequently organizes fan meet-ups and runs an internet radio station. The game has been generally well received by critics. In 2012, Mr. Card Game, a tabletop game based on Kingdom of Loathing, was launched on Kickstarter.[1] On August 10, 2017, Asymmetric launched West of Loathing, a Kingdom of Loathing spin-off single-player role-playing video game for Linux, macOS, and Windows.[2]

Gameplay and features
A screenshot of combat against scarab beatles.

Gameplay involves fighting monsters, completing quests, gaining skills and stats, and accumulating items and meat.

In KoL's turn-based gameplay, a player's character is supplied with a number of adventures each day, at a base of 40, although this can be increased.[3] The game day resets at a time called "rollover". Characters are allotted forty adventures every rollover, though they can increase that number with various equipment and items. Additional adventures can be acquired by consuming food and booze.[4] However, only a limited amount of each can be consumed each day,[4] and drinking too much booze puts the character into a drunken stupor for the remainder of the day.[5] During rollover, drunkenness and fullness levels are reset, and minor amounts of health points and magic points are restored. Although a character can accumulate a large number of adventures, the number is reduced to 200 at rollover.[6]

Most actions in the game use up adventures, including crafting items and exploring the game world (adventuring).[3] When exploring, players experience combat encounters, in which they fight monsters, as well as non-combat encounters.[7] Combat is turn-based, meaning that the player and the monster take turns attacking one another using weapons, skills and items.[5] Players who successfully defeat a monster receive experience points, pieces of meat (the game's currency), and various items.[3] Non-combat encounters simply present the reader with a text description of an event, occasionally allowing the player to choose how to respond to that event.[7]

After gaining enough experience points, players will gain levels,[3] allowing them to access new areas and quests. Characters can combine items by using "meat paste" (a substance analogous to glue),[7] and can also cook food, mix cocktails and smith weapons and armor. Characters may also earn trophies or tattoos for various in-game achievements.[4] Puzzle-solving is an important part of the game, with the solutions often involving a certain item combination or the completion of tasks in different zones.[5]

Player interaction

While Kingdom of Loathing's player versus environment content is largely single-player, some features allow multiplayer interaction.

Player versus player (PvP) combat is voluntary,[4] features a randomized selection of non-interactive minigames, and is subdivided into seasons. The winner of the PvP battle can take fame or items from the loser.[8]

The game features an integrated chat system which is available only after completing a basic test of English grammar and spelling.[5] There are many chat channels, including a channel in which all chat must follow the syllabic conventions of English haiku.[5] Most of the chat channels are moderated; those who violate the chat rules are banned. Players can also send messages and gift packages to each other in-game, and the official Kingdom of Loathing forums are another active venue for discussion among players.

Upon reaching level 3, characters may join a clan, a band of cooperating characters.[4] A clan has a clan hall which can be furnished with beneficial equipment as well as a clan stash for sharing useful items.[5] Clan members can chat with each other in a private chat channel. In 2008, a multiplayer dungeon was added which allows clan members to raid cooperatively in Hobopolis, the underground city of hobos.[5] Eurogamer likened Hobopolis to World of Warcraft instances.[9] Additional clan dungeons have since been added, including the Slimetube, Dreadsylvania, and the limited-time Haunted Sorority House.

Players can buy a store in The Mall of Loathing and sell their character's items to other players.[10] Direct trading between two players is also possible, and in the trade chat channel users can auction items and advertise shops.[6] This functionality has created a complex in-game economy which author Ted Friedman, in his book Electric dreams: computers in American culture, described as "vibrant".[11] The Kingdom of Loathing economy was the subject of an academic study, Economics in the Kingdom of Loathing: Analysis of Virtual Market Data in 2011.[10]

Character classes

Players choose from six classes when they create a character.[4] Each class has various items that characters obtain by completing class-specific quests. Characters also receive non-tradable class-dependent items as a reward for completing harder ascensions. The classes can be split into groups based on the primary character attribute associated with them.

  • Muscle classes: The two muscle classes are Seal Clubber and Turtle Tamer. Muscle classes depend on strength and fighting ability. A character's Max HP is determined by his/her muscle, and Muscle classes gain an innate +50% boost to their Max HP.[4]
  • Mysticality classes: The mysticality classes are Pastamancer and Sauceror. Gameplay for mysticality classes is focused on spellcasting and the use of magic. A character's Max MP is determined by his/her Mysticality, and Mysticality classes gain an innate +50% to their Max MP.[4]
  • Moxie classes: The moxie classes, Disco Bandit and Accordion Thief, use charm and dexterity to achieve success.[4]

Familiars

Familiars are creatures that can accompany players in combat, performing (usually) helpful actions.[4] Familiars are often instrumental in the completion of quests.[4] Familiars possess many abilities;[5] for example, a Sabre-Toothed Lime attacks monsters, a Leprechaun grants extra meat after combat, and a Hovering Sombrero increases stat gains from combat. Some familiars, such as the Ninja Pirate Zombie Robot,[5] are very difficult to acquire.[4]

Ascension

Ascension is a feature that allows characters to start the game over and play through it again from the beginning,[4] similar to a New Game Plus feature.[12] This feature becomes available after the game's final quest is completed.[5] Players who ascend have their character's experience levels reset to one, but they retain their currency and items.[4] Ascending players can also choose to make their ascension more difficult by taking on various restrictions, such as not being able to eat or drink,[4] in exchange for special rewards.[5] In addition, the game features a leaderboard system which allows players to see one another's ascension speeds and compete for the fastest ascensions.[10]

Plot and setting

The player takes on the role of an adventurer who is tasked with solving problems and killing monsters in a fantasy-based kingdom. The game is humorous in nature, and most quests, battles and individual item descriptions include jokes, witticisms, or references to popular culture.[13] Many quests parody the tropes found in other role-playing games.[14]

The premise is that the Naughty Sorceress has captured and "imprismed" (imprisoned in a prism) the Kingdom's ruler, King Ralph XI. The ultimate objective of the game is to defeat the Naughty Sorceress and free King Ralph. In King Ralph's absence, most of the power in the Kingdom of Loathing is held by the Council of Loathing, which gives quests to characters as they increase in level,[15] from finding a mosquito larvae to starting (and finishing) a war between the Hippies and the Frat Boys. The final quest is given when the character has reached level 13 and finished the other quests.[4]

While on the final quest, it is revealed from the skull of a barely alive adventurer named Frank that the council is corrupted and has been pulling the same thing of sending adventurers to the Naughty Sorceress's tower only to be killed for four thousand years (time is screwy there). [16] After many trials to the top of the Sorceress's tower, the player comes face to face with the sorceress herself, only to be beaten in her third form (a sausage). The player will have to go back to find the Wand of Nagamar to properly beat her.

Upon freeing King Ralph XI, an astral gash appears, allowing the player to ascend (it is also revealed that the monster problem is also due to the player's presence, as they hate them that much). Players can also unlock quests from other sources, some of which are available only after ascending.[13]

Development
Zack Johnson at the 2018 Game Developers Conference

Zack Johnson, the game's creator, developed several games before Kingdom of Loathing but did not feel that they were good enough to release online.[13] Deciding that he was taking the games he created too seriously, Johnson then set himself the challenge of creating one within a week and publishing the result online.[12] The result was more of a joke than a game, and the initial content including classes and even the name of the game were stream of consciousness.[13] The game was released in early 2003,[17] and Johnson soon invited his childhood friend Josh Nite to contribute content as a writer and designer.[17][18] Within a year, 300,000 player accounts had been created,[19] far exceeding Johnson and Nite's expectations; Johnson has referred to the game's success as "a never ending series of astonishments".[20] In 2008, the game had between 100,000 and 150,000 regular players.[13]

In the game's early days, Johnson worked on the game during breaks while at work, but eighteen months or so after launch, the game was bringing in enough money for Johnson to quit his day job as a programmer and develop the game full-time.[12] He then began to pay Nite for his work[13] and after approximately two years hired two more developers.[18] There are currently eight full-time employees working on Kingdom of Loathing, as well as three other employees who are working on a separate game. The game's creative process is fluid and loosely structured.[12] According to Johnson, "At this point, I provide the overall direction. I do about a quarter of the writing, a quarter of the coding, and almost all of the artwork."[12] The bulk of the writing is done by Nite, who also contributes design ideas,[21] while two other developers, known in the game as Riff and HotStuff, work on writing, design, and coding.[20]

According to Nite, the game's writing style owes itself to a humorous email exchange between himself and Johnson that began when the two separated after high school. These emails "helped us develop the shared comedic voice that KoL's written in".[21] The game's developers cite text-based games such as Zork and Legend of the Red Dragon as creative influences, and Nite has compared the game to the Choose Your Own Adventure series of children's books.[15]

The game has been in open beta since its initial release, and is continuously being worked on.[21] New content is released weekly or monthly,[12][21] and there is also unique holiday-themed content every Christmas, known as Crimbo.[20] Occasionally, the developers stage world events such as the Gray Plague, which was similar to the Corrupted Blood incident in World of Warcraft.[22]

In November 2014, Nite left Asymmetric Publications.[23]

Business model

Kingdom of Loathing is advertising-free and does not charge subscription fees.[18]

Maintenance and development of the game is supported primarily through donations[24] and players who donate US$10 to the game receive a powerful item known as a Mr. Accessory. Mr. Accessories can be equipped to give stat boosts or spent in the "Mr. Store" to buy powerful items (including special monthly items).[10] Mr. Accessories and Mr. Store items may be traded freely between players.[10] According to an interview with Zack Johnson from 2010, Johnson originally established the Mr. Accessory revenue model as "kind of an afterthought", but it became lucrative enough to allow him to work on the game full-time and eventually to hire several permanent employees.[12]

Community

Kingdom of Loathing has been praised for its welcoming and active player community.[25][26] One of the most unusual aspects of the community is the large number of female players: according to Johnson, approximately 40% of players are female.[24] Fans often gather at both official conventions, run by Asymmetric, and unofficial player-organized meet-ups,[12] including the annual KoLumbus event.[21] Players support the game by writing scripts to perform various in-game functions, using Greasemonkey, Java, Perl, and Lua, and have also developed a player-run wiki which offers puzzle solutions and walkthroughs.[4][27] Longtime player and nerdcore rapper MC Frontalot is active in the community[28] and included a Kingdom of Loathing-themed song on his 2010 album Zero Day.[29]

Brett Bixler, founder of the Educational Gaming Commons at Pennsylvania State University, has hypothesized that the Kingdom of Loathing community is successful because it accounts for Richard Bartle's model of player personality types in massively multiplayer online roleplaying games, creating a balanced gameplay system that appeals to a wide variety of players.[4] Researcher Martin Oliver addressed similar issues in a 2009 study of the Kingdom of Loathing player community, "Playing Roles in the MMORPG Kingdom of Loathing".[30]

A Web-based SHOUTcast radio station, Radio KoL, is the "official unofficial" radio station of KoL. It is a 24/7 DJ-hosted station, with volunteer DJs drawn from the KoL user base.[12][31] Twice weekly, development team members host shows on Radio KoL in which they discuss the state of the game and answer questions from players.

Reception

Critical response for Kingdom of Loathing has been generally positive, with consistent praise for the game's humor and surrealism. The gameplay and content have been praised as "well designed" and having a "huge amount of content".[25] Matt Gallant of Gizmodo said that the game is "actually very full-featured" with "a lot of content",[34] and according to Worlds in Motion, "Kingdom of Loathing isn't just a great game, but a really unique and interesting MMO."[8] Jay Is Games called it "a 'must play' game for RPG fans who want something different".[35] Gamezebo criticized the interface, calling it "clunky",[3] and several reviewers expressed concern that the game might be confusing to new players.[3]

See also

References
  1. "Mr. Card Game". Kickstarter.
  2. O'Connor, Alice (10 August 2017). "Cowboys and clowns ride out with West of Loathing". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
  3. Barry White (31 December 2009). "Kingdom of Loathing Review". Gamezebo. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  4. Brett Bixler (15 January 2009). "Kingdom of Loathing – Analysis of a Great Game". Pennsylvania State University. Archived from the original on 5 March 2010. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  5. Justin Olivetti (2 November 2010). "The Game Archaeologist's fear and loathing in the Kingdom: The highlights". Massively. Archived from the original on 8 May 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  6. Hecht, Eliah (5 November 2007). "Time is money, friend!". Massively. Archived from the original on 8 February 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  7. Remy van Ruiten (18 November 2011). "Review: Kingdom of Loathing". Guerrilla Geek. Archived from the original on 29 November 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  8. Simon Carless (26 July 2008). "Worlds in Motion Atlas: Inside Kingdom Of Loathing". Worlds in Motion. Archived from the original on 30 July 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  9. Pearson, Dan (18 June 2008). "Kingdom of Loathing expands". Eurogamer.net. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2008.
  10. Safferling, Christoph; Lowen, Aaron (2011). "Economics in the Kingdom of Loathing: Analysis of Virtual Market Data" (PDF). Working Paper Series of the Department of Economics, University of Konstanz. University of Konstanz. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  11. Ted Friedman (2005). Electric dreams: computers in American culture. NYU Press. p. 155. ISBN 0814727395. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  12. Justin Olivetti (16 November 2010). "The Game Archaeologist's fear and loathing in the Kingdom: Joshing with Jick". Massively. Archived from the original on 8 May 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  13. Janelle, Robert (5 August 2008). "Stumbling Into the Kingdom of Loathing". Escapist Magazine. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
  14. Chris Barylick (3 October 2006). "Making the Most of a Simple Thing: Kingdom of Loathing". The Mac Observer. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  15. Brett E. Shelton (2009). "Extensions of Interactive Fiction to the Social Sphere: Zork to the Kingdom of Loathing". Well Played 1.0: Video Games, Value and Meaning. Archived from the original on 22 October 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  16. User:Dentarthurdent (January 2015). "Meet Frank". TheKingdomofLoathing wiki. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  17. "Kingdom of Loathing: An interview with Jick". Planet Geek. 9 July 2004. Archived from the original on 30 September 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  18. Cooper, Park (13 April 2007). "An Adventurer Is You: The Zack Johnson/Kingdom of Loathing Interview". Silver Bullet Comics. Archived from the original on 6 June 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2008.
  19. James Bishop (6 April 2010). "On One's Own: Kingdom of Loathing". DIY Gamer. Archived from the original on 18 June 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  20. Peter Eykemans (14 May 2010). "Seven Years Later: Kingdom of Loathing [Interview]". DIY Gamer. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  21. Justin Olivetti (9 November 2010). "The Game Archaeologist's fear and loathing in the Kingdom: Interrogating Mr. Skullhead". Massively. Archived from the original on 8 May 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  22. Magnus Boman; Stefan J. Johansson (2007). "Modeling Epidemic Spread in Synthetic Populations – Virtual Plagues in Massively Multiplayer Online Games". arXiv:0705.4584. Bibcode:2007arXiv0705.4584B. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  23. "A Sad Announcement from Mr. Skullhead". Forums of Loathing. 10 November 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  24. John Borland (1 October 2004). "Dare you fight the possessed tomatoes?". CNET. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  25. Hamblin, Jon (15 April 2008). "Browser RPG Roundup Review". EuroGamer. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2008.
  26. "Kingdom of Loathing". GameAxis Unwired. August 2005. p. 12. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  27. James Bishop (23 March 2010). "On One's Own: For the Love of Community". DIY Game. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  28. "MC Frontalot: Attendance is Mandatory!". Buzzbin Magazine. 12 August 2011. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  29. Doug Gross (8 April 2010). "Geek Out!: M.C. Frontalot talks nerdcore hip-hop, geekery". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 April 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  30. Martin Oliver (2009). "Playing Roles in the MMORPG Kingdom of Loathing". Handbook of Research on Effective Electronic Gaming in Education. London Knowledge Lab.
  31. "UpFront – March 1, 2005". Linux Journal. 1 March 2005. Archived from the original on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  32. Grieser, Andy (27 September 2007). "Kingdom of Loathing – ESCMag Review". ESCMag. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2008.
  33. "Kingdom of Loathing - Website Review". Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  34. Matt Gallant. "Pickup Games, Vol. 4 – Kingdom of Loathing". Gizmodo. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
  35. Preston (12 September 2005). "Kingdom of Loathing". Jay Is Games. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
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