Lak (tribe)

Lak or Laki (Kurdish: Lek ,لەک‎)[3][4] is a Kurdish[5][6] tribe[2] native to southwestern Iran. They speak Laki, which is considered a Kurdish dialect[2][7][8][9][10][11] by most linguists.[12]

Not to be confused with the Caucasus Laks of Dagestan, Russia.

Lak
لەک
Total population
c. 2.5 million (est. 2000)
Regions with significant populations
Western Iran:
  1,160,000[1] to 2,000,000,[2] Turkey, Iraq[2]
Languages
Laki
Religion
Mostly Shi'a Islam, a Yarsanism minority

Laks inhabit a huge part of northern Loristan province (Laks of Pishekuh), and most of south eastern regions of neighboring province of Kermanshah, and some parts of western Ilam province (Poshte-Kuhi Laks). The area to the east of Mount Kabir is known as Pishe-Kuh and west of the mountain is Poshte-Kuh.

Origins

Vladimir Minorsky, who wrote the entry "Lak" in the first edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam, referred to the Lak as "the most southern group of Kurd tribes in Persia" and stated that their language has the characteristics of Kurdish. Some of the Lak tribes live in Lorestān Province, among Lur tribes, although Minorsky quotes some evidence that they were brought there from further north. He mentions that they are often confused with the Lur, whom they resemble from an ethnic and somatic point of view, but are different.[6]

History

The Zand dynasty who ruled parts of southwestern Iran was of Laki origin (from the Zand tribe).[13] According to the third edition of the Encyclopedia of Islam, the Zands "were a branch of the Laks, a subgroup of the northern Lurs, who spoke Luri, a Western Iranian language".[14] According to the The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, the Zand tribe "spoke the Lakk dialect of the Lur language".[15]

Lak sub-tribes

List of Lak sub-tribes:[16]

  • Adinevand
  • Ahmedvand
  • Amrayi
  • Azadbakht
  • Baharvand
  • Balvand
  • Beiranvand
  • Bijanvand
  • Chahardoli
  • Dalvand
  • Dinarvand
  • Fouladvand
  • Geravand
  • Ghiasvand
  • Hassanvand
  • Itivand
  • Jalilvand
  • Kakavand
  • Kamalvand
  • Khalvand
  • Kolivand
  • Koushki
  • Kushvand
  • Mafivand
  • Mirvand
  • Mumiavand
  • Musavand
  • Nurali
  • Osmanvand
  • Padarvand
  • Papi
  • Rizavand
  • Romanvand
  • Sagvand
  • Shahivand
  • Şêxbizin
  • Tarkhan
  • Torkashvand
  • Yousefvand
  • Zola

Notable people

Notes
  1. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lki
  2. Hamzeh'ee, M. Reza (2015). "Lak Tribe". Iranica Online. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  3. ""بێڕێزیكردن بە كوردانی لەك" كاردانەوەی تووندی لێكەوتەوە". Rûdaw (in Kurdish). 30 July 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  4. "Radyoya Lekî li Kirmaşanê; Îran li çi digere?". Rûdaw (in Kurdish). 9 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  5. Hamzehʼee, M. Reza (1990). The Yaresan: A Sociological, Historical and Religio-historical Study of a Kurdish Community. p. 64. ISBN 9783922968832.
  6. Minorsky, Vladimir (2012). "Lak". BRILL. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0562. ISBN 9789004161214.
  7. "Laki". Ethnologue.
  8. Anonby, Erik John (29 September 2003). "Update on Luri: How many languages?" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. 13 (2): 171–197. doi:10.1017/S1356186303003067. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  9. Gernot Windfuhr (2009). The Iranian Languages. London & New York: Routledge. p. 587. ISBN 978-0-7007-1 131-4.
  10. Hulst, Harry van der; Goedemans, Rob; Zanten, Ellen van (2011). A Survey of Word Accentual Patterns in the Languages of the World. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110198966.
  11. Rüdiger Schmitt (2000). Die iranischen Sprachen in Gegenwart und Geschichte (in German). 200. p. 85. ISBN 3895001503.CS1 maint: location (link)
  12. "Atlas of the Languages of Iran A working classification". Languages of Iran. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  13. Zand dynasty
  14. Tucker, Ernest (2020). "Karīm Khān Zand". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
  15. Frye, Richard N. (2009). "Zand Dynasty". In Esposito, John L. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press.
  16. "تغییرات زیستی و اسمی قوم لک". Shahokhabar (in Persian). Retrieved 6 October 2020.
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