Later Liao
Later Liao (simplified Chinese: 后辽; traditional Chinese: 後遼; pinyin: Hòu Liáo) was a short-lived dynastic regime in Northeast China that existed between 1216 and 1219. It was ruled by the House of Yelü and was the last regime that sought to revive the Liao dynasty in China (the Eastern Liao had by this time become a vassal of the Mongol Empire).
Later Liao 後遼 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1216–1219 | |||||||||
| Capital | Chengzhou[1] | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Emperor, King | |||||||||
• 1216 | Yelü Sibu | ||||||||
• 1216–1217 | Yelü Jinshan | ||||||||
• 1217–1218 | Yelü Tong'guyu | ||||||||
• 1218–1219 | Yelü Hanshe | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Yelü Liuge establishes Eastern Liao | 1213 | ||||||||
• Yelü Sibu declares himself emperor | 1216 | ||||||||
• Later Liao defeated by Eastern Liao | 1219 | ||||||||
| Currency | Chinese cash, Chinese coin, copper coins etc. | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | China | ||||||||
History
In 1213, Yelü Liuge proclaimed the Eastern Liao after rebelling against the Jin dynasty. His pro-Mongol policy caused a split within the Eastern Liao court, eventually resulting in Yelü Sibu (the younger brother of Yelü Liuge) declaring himself emperor of an independent regime with the official dynastic title "Liao" (Chinese: 遼), known in retrospect as "Later Liao" (Chinese: 後遼).[2] Not long after proclaiming himself emperor, Yelü Sibu was killed. The premier Yelü Qinu was made regent.[3]
After suffering military defeat by the Jin dynasty, Yelü Qinu escaped and was subsequently killed by Yelü Jinshan. Yelü Jinshan ascended to the Later Liao throne in Goryeo. In 1217, Goryeo forces defeated Yelü Jinshan and forced him to abscond.
Yelü Jinshan's successor, Yelü Tong'guyu, was killed by Yelü Hanshe not long after becoming the ruler of Later Liao. As infighting erupted within Later Liao, an allied forces of Eastern Liao, the Mongol Empire and Goryeo encircled Later Liao. In 1219, Yelü Hanshe committed suicide in the aftermath of Later Liao's defeat, marking the end of the short-lived dynasty.[2] The territories once held by Later Liao were re-incorporated into Eastern Liao.
Monarchs
The only Later Liao monarch to use the title of emperor was Yelü Sibu. All subsequent rulers assumed the title of king.
| Personal name | Era name | Reign | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yelü Sibu (耶律廝不) | Tianwei (天威) | 1216 | [2] |
| Yelü Qinu (耶律乞奴)1 | Tianyou (天佑) | 1216 | |
| Yelü Jinshan (耶律金山) | Tiande (天德) | 1216–1217 | |
| Yelü Tongguyu (耶律統古與) | 1217–1218 | ||
| Yelü Hanshe (耶律喊舍) | 1218–1219 | ||
| 1 Regent | |||
References
- "海城曾是后辽国的都城".
- Pei, Yuanbo (2011). 契丹钱树鉴赏与投资. ISBN 9787539826783.
- Xie, Xuanjun (2017). 少数民族入主中国史略. ISBN 9781387255351.