Lieutenant general (Australia)
Lieutenant general (abbreviated LTGEN and pronounced 'lef-tenant general') is the second-highest active rank of the Australian Army. It was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of lieutenant general, and is considered a three-star rank.
| Lieutenant general | |
|---|---|
 The LTGEN insignia of Crown of St Edward above a crossed sword and baton, with the word 'Australia' at the bottom. | |
| Country | Australia |
| Service branch | Australian Army |
| Abbreviation | LTGEN |
| Rank | Three-star |
| NATO rank code | OF-8 |
| Non-NATO rank | O-9 |
| Formation | 1917 |
| Next higher rank | General |
| Next lower rank | Major general |
| Equivalent ranks | Vice admiral (RAN) Air marshal (RAAF) |
The rank of lieutenant general is held by the Chief of Army. The rank is also held when an army officer is the Vice Chief of the Defence Force, the Chief of Joint Operations, or the Chief of Joint Capabilities. The Chief of Capability Development Group, disestablished in 2016, also carried three-star rank.
Lieutenant general is a higher rank than major general, but lower than general. Lieutenant general is the equivalent of vice admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force. The insignia for a lieutenant general is the Crown of St Edward above a crossed sword and baton.[1][Note 1]
Australian Army lieutenant generals
The first Australian lieutenant general was Sir Harry Chauvel in 1917.
- CGS/CA – Chief of the General Staff and Chief of Army
From 1 January 1909 to 18 February 1997, the most senior Australian Army position was named Chief of the General Staff. The first Australian to occupy this position was Colonel William Throsby Bridges. The first Australian lieutenant general to occupy this position was Sir Brudenell White, from 1 June 1920. Since August 1940, this position, and its successor (Chief of Army), have been held by Australian lieutenant generals.
- Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (1958–1965)
In March 1958, the role of Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee was created, but with no command authority. This was initially occupied by Lieutenant General Sir Henry Wells (March 1958 – March 1959), and was rotated through the three services, hence (briefly) providing a three-star position available to army officers. In 1968 this became a four-star position. It was replaced in February 1976 by a new position, Chief of Defence Force Staff, with command authority over the Australian Defence Force, and in October 1984 the position was renamed Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) to more clearly reflect the role and its authority.
- Vice Chief of the Defence Force (since 1986)
In June 1986, the three-star position Vice Chief of the Defence Force (VCDF) was created. As with CDF, this position rotates between the forces. Lieutenant General John Baker was the first army officer to occupy the position (October 1992 – April 1995).
- Chief of Capability Development Group (2003–2016)
A third three-star position, Chief of Capability Development Group (CCDG), which also rotates between the forces, was created in 2003. Lieutenant General John Caligari was the final officer of three-star rank to hold the position before it was disestablished in 2016
- Chief of Joint Operations (since 2007)
In September 2007, a fourth three-star position, Chief of Joint Operations, was created.
- Equivalents
There are two other permanent three-star positions in the Australian Defence Force, Chief of Navy and Chief of Air Force. There are also a number of other three-star-equivalent positions in the Australian Defence Organisation, but these are all held by civilians.
List of lieutenant generals
This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the officer was subsequently promoted to general.
This along with the + (plus sign) indicates that the officer retired with the honorary rank of lieutenant general.
This along with the ^ (arrowhead) indicates that the officer is a currently serving lieutenant general.
The following people have held the rank of lieutenant general in the Australian Army:
| Name | Year of promotion | Senior command(s) or appointment(s) in rank | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sir Harry Chauvel* | 1917 | Chief of the General Staff (1923–30),[Note 2] Inspector General of the Australian Army (1919–30), Desert Mounted Corps (1917–19) | [2] |
| Sir John Monash* | 1918 | Director General of Repatriation (1918–19), Australian Corps (1918) | [3] |
| Sir Brudenell White* | 1918 | Chief of the General Staff (1920–23, 1940) | [4] |
| Sir Talbot Hobbs | 1918 | Australian Corps (1918–19) | [5] |
| James Gordon Legge+ | 1924 | [6] | |
| Sir James McCay+ | 1926 | [7] | |
| Ernest Squires | 1938 | Chief of the General Staff (1939–40), Inspector General of the Australian Army (1938–39) | [8] |
| Sir Thomas Blamey* | 1939 | I Corps (1940–41) | [9] |
| Sir John Lavarack | 1939 / 1941[Note 3] | First Army (1942–44), I Corps (1941–42), Southern Command (1939–40) | [10] |
| Sir Vernon Sturdee | 1939 | Chief of the General Staff (1940–42, 1946–50), First Army (1944–45) | [10] |
| John Whitham+ | 1940 | Southern Command (1940) | [11] |
| Charles Miles | 1940 | Eastern Command (1940–41) | [12][13] |
| Edward Smart | 1940 | Southern Command (1940–42) | [10] |
| Sir Iven Mackay | 1941 | New Guinea Force (1943–44), Second Army (1942–44) | [10] |
| Henry Wynter | 1941 | Lieutenant General Administration at Allied Land Headquarters (1942–44), Eastern Command (1941–42) | [14] |
| Sir Leslie Morshead | 1942 | I Corps (1944–45), Second Army (1944), New Guinea Force (1944), II Corps (1943) | [10] |
| Gordon Bennett | 1942 | III Corps (1942–44) | |
| Sir Edmund Herring | 1942 | I Corps (1942–44), New Guinea Force (1942–43), II Corps (1942) | [15] |
| Sir Carl Jess | 1942 | Chairman of the Manpower Committee (1939–44) | [16] |
| Sir John Northcott | 1942 | British Commonwealth Occupation Force (1946), Chief of the General Staff (1940, 1942–45) | [10] |
| Sir Sydney Rowell | 1942 / 1946[Note 4] | Chief of the General Staff (1950–54), Vice Chief of the General Staff (1946–50), I Corps (1942) | [17] |
| Sir Frank Berryman | 1944 | Eastern Command (1946–53), I Corps (1944), II Corps (1943–44) | [10] |
| Sir Stanley Savige | 1944 | II Corps (1944–45), New Guinea Force (1944), I Corps (1944) | [10] |
| Sir Horace Robertson | 1945 | Southern Command (1953–54), British Commonwealth Forces Korea (1951), British Commonwealth Occupation Force (1946–51), First Army (1945–46) | [10] |
| Allan Boase | 1949 | Southern Command (1949–51) | [18] |
| Cyril Clowes+ | 1949 | [19] | |
| Sir William Bridgeford+ | 1951 | British Commonwealth Forces Korea (1951–53), Eastern Command (1951) | [20] |
| Sir Henry Wells | 1951 | Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (1958–59), Chief of the General Staff (1954–58), British Commonwealth Forces Korea (1953–54), Southern Command (1951–53) | [21] |
| Victor Secombe+ | 1951 | Northern Command (1952–54), Eastern Command (1951–52) | [22] |
| Sir Eric Woodward | 1953 | Eastern Command (1953–57) | [23] |
| Rudolph Bierwirth | 1954 | British Commonwealth Forces Korea (1954–56) | |
| Robert Nimmo | 1954 | United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (1952–66) | [24] |
| Sir Ragnar Garrett | 1954 | Chief of the General Staff (1958–60), Southern Command (1954–58) | [25] |
| Hector Edgar | 1958 | Eastern Command (1960–63), Southern Command (1958–60) | [26] |
| Sir Reginald Pollard | 1960 | Chief of the General Staff (1960–63), Eastern Command (1957–60) | [27] |
| Sir John Wilton* | 1963 | Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (1966–70),[Note 5] Chief of the General Staff (1963–66) | [28] |
| Sir Thomas Daly | 1966 | Chief of the General Staff (1966–71) | [29] |
| Sir Mervyn Brogan | 1971 | Chief of the General Staff (1971–73) | |
| Sir Francis Hassett* | 1973 | Chief of the General Staff (1973–75) | [30] |
| Sir Arthur MacDonald* | 1975 | Chief of the General Staff (1975–77) | [31] |
| Sir Donald Dunstan | 1977 | Chief of the General Staff (1977–82) | [32] |
| Sir Phillip Bennett* | 1982 | Chief of the General Staff (1982–84) | |
| Peter Gration* | 1984 | Chief of the General Staff (1984–87) | [33] |
| Lawrence O'Donnell | 1987 | Chief of the General Staff (1987–90) | |
| John Coates | 1990 | Chief of the General Staff (1990–92) | [34] |
| John Sanderson | 1992 | Chief of Army (1995–98),[Note 6] Commander Joint Forces Australia (1993–95), Commander United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (1992–93) | [35] |
| John Grey | 1992 | Chief of the General Staff (1992–95) | [36] |
| John Baker* | 1992 | Vice Chief of the Defence Force (1992–95) | [37] |
| Frank Hickling | 1998 | Chief of Army (1998–2000) | [38] |
| Desmond Mueller | 2000 | Vice Chief of the Defence Force (2000–02) | [39] |
| Peter Cosgrove* | 2000 | Chief of Army (2000–02) | [40] |
| Peter Leahy | 2002 | Chief of Army (2002–08) | [41] |
| David Hurley* | 2003 | Vice Chief of Defence Force (2008–11), Chief of Joint Operations (2007–08), Chief of Capability Development Group (2003–07) | [42] |
| Ken Gillespie | 2005 | Chief of Army (2008–11), Vice Chief of the Defence Force (2005–08) | [43] |
| Mark Evans | 2008 | Chief of Joint Operations (2008–11) | [44] |
| Ash Power | 2011 | Chief of Joint Operations (2011–14) | |
| David Morrison | 2011 | Chief of Army (2011–15) | [45] |
| Angus Campbell* | 2013 | Chief of Army (2015–18), Commander Operation Sovereign Borders (2013–15) | [46] |
| John Caligari | 2014 | Chief of Capability Development Group (2014–15) | [47] |
| Richard Burr^ | 2018 | Chief of Army (2018–) | |
| John Frewen^ | 2018 | Principal Deputy Director Australian Signals Directorate (2018–) | |
| Greg Bilton^ | 2019 | Chief of Joint Operations (2019–) | |
| Gavan Reynolds^ | 2020 | Chief of Defence Intelligence (2020–) | [48] |
See also
Notes
- Australian Army officer rank insignia are identical to British Army officer rank insignia, with the difference that Australian insignia have the word "Australia" below them.
- Chauvel was promoted to general in November 1929, the year prior to his retirement.
- Lavarack accepted a demotion to major general in 1940 to assume command of the 7th Division.
- Rowell was promoted lieutenant general on assuming command of I Corps in April 1942, but was dismissed from the command in September and subsequently reduced to major general. He was restored to lieutenant general in 1946 on appointment as Vice Chief of the General Staff.[17]
- Wilton was promoted to general in September 1968, halfway through his term as Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee.
- Sanderson was Chief of the General Staff until the position was re-titled as Chief of Army in February 1997.
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