Henry Wells (general)

On 15 May 1940, Wells transferred to the Second Australian Imperial Force for active service during the Second World War.[2] Promoted to major, he was posted to the headquarters of the 7th Division. Wells proceeded with the division to the Middle East, where, on arriving in December, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and posted as senior liaison officer to I Corps.[3] During this time, the Australian 6th Division and I Corps Headquarters were diverted for service in the Greek Campaign.[4]

Wells arrived in Greece on 7 March 1941, with an advance party of Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Blamey's I Corps staff.[4] On 10 April, a plan was formulated to withdraw Greek and Commonwealth troops from their positions in the Verria pass of the Vermion Mountains to the River Aliakmon. To carry this out, Blamey despatched Wells to coordinate the movement of the 12th Greek Division west to its new position.[5][6] The withdrawal began on 12 April, but the force's movement was hampered because of lack of vehicles and the division did not arrive until late evening the following day.[7] During this time, Wells travelled between I Corps Headquarters and the 12th Greek Division, organising and coordinating the division's movement, despite frequent air attacks on the roads.[3][6]

Colonel Henry Wells, GSO1 9th Division c. March 1942

On 24 April 1941, Wells embarked from Greece along with the remainder of the I Corps Headquarters during the British and Commonwealth withdrawal.[8] Commended for his "conspicuous skill, ability and energy" and fostering "mutual confidence and goodwill between the Allied forces",[6][9] Wells was recommended for the Distinguished Service Order, but was subsequently appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his services in Greece.[6][9][10] The announcement of the award was published in a supplement to the London Gazette on 30 December 1941.[10] Then Brigadier Stanley Savige later wrote of Wells during the campaign: "Tireless in his long journeys, helpful in every possible way, and courageous in all circumstances".[11] For his "gallant and distinguished services" during this time,[12] Wells was additionally Mentioned in Despatches.[13]

Following Greece, the headquarters of I Corps returned to Palestine.[14] Wells was made General Staff Officer, 2nd Grade (GSO2),[3] the deputy chief of staff in charge of planning operations.[15] I Corps was alerted to take part in the Syria-Lebanon Campaign, in spite of the fact that since Blamey had been promoted to Deputy Commander in Chief Middle East Command, the corps lacked a commanding officer. General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson—the British commander in Palestine and Transjordan—believed that I Corps' loss of transport and signal equipment precluded it from participating in the campaign from the outset.[16] Instead, Wilson attempted to exercise command from the King David Hotel. This proved to be a serious error, as his staff were preoccupied with political and administrative issues, and were too remote from the battlefields to exercise the close command required.[17] Following a series of reverses, I Corps headquarters was sent for on 18 June, and Lieutenant General John Lavarack assumed command that day. The headquarters was confronted by a difficult situation, with almost all reserves committed. Lavarack began regrouping his force, concentrating the 7th Division for a decisive thrust towards Beirut. Hard fighting was required before the campaign was brought to a successful conclusion.[18]

Colonel Henry Wells (right) converses with a captain during a respirator and gas drill at the 9th Australian Division's Headquarters in Tripoli, Syria.

Promoted to colonel, Wells became General Staff Officer, 1st Grade (GSO1), to the 9th Division in November 1941.[3] As such, he was the 9th Division's chief of staff, responsible for the full range of staff activities.[19] On 28 June 1942, Wells accompanied Lieutenant General Sir Leslie Morshead—Commander of the 9th Division—to Cairo, where they received orders tasking the 9th Division with the defence of Cairo. The pair spent that night and the following day organising plans for the move, before Morshead received further orders on 30 June cancelling his previous instructions and directing the division instead be dispatched to Alexandria; the move took place on 1 July.[20] Two days later, it was decided that the 24th Infantry Brigade would be sent forward to reinforce the position at El Alamein. The brigade was lacking in equipment, and Wells spent that day arranging equipment for the unit as well as overseeing its preparation; the brigade moved forward the next day.[21] The divisional headquarters proceeded to El Alamein on 7 July, and was posted to the northern flank of the British front line. The unit then spent the remainder of the month in action against Axis forces in the area.[22] For his "distinguished services" during this period, Wells was Mentioned in Despatches a second time.[23]

On 23 October 1942, the British and Commonwealth forces under Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery launched an offensive against Axis forces at El Alamein. The 9th Division took part in the battle, and was initially tasked with the seizure of a section of the Oxalic Line.[24] Over the proceeding twelve days, the Australians heavily contributed to the assault, with Morshead and his staff coordinating the 9th Division's operations; success was claimed on 4 November.[25] Praised for his "ability of high order",[26] Wells was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his efforts in training and preparing the division before the battle, in addition to his labours during the engagement.[27] The notification for the decoration was published in a supplement to the London Gazette on 11 February 1943.[28]

In late November 1942, the members of the 9th Division returned to Palestine.[29] In January, the unit embarked from North Africa and sailed home to Australia in preparation for service against the Japanese in the South West Pacific.[30]

Wells arrived back in Australia during February 1943.[3] On 15 March, Morshead was appointed to command II Corps, and Wells was transferred along with him to the unit's headquarters as Brigadier, General Staff.[31] He was promoted to temporary brigadier in April.[3] During this time, the combat forces of the corps undertook training in both jungle and amphibious warfare in preparation for its planned deployment to New Guinea.[32] Wells took an active hand in organising these exercises,[33] before he moved with the corps headquarters to New Guinea during October.[34]

Brigadiers Henry Wells and John Broadbent conferring during a staff and command course, Queensland c. 1944.

The movement of II Corps coincided with the vicious fighting around the Huon Peninsula and Finisterre Range.[35] Wells assisted in the planning and coordination of operations over the subsequent months, which culminated in the seizure of Madang during April 1944. Wells was awarded his third Mention in Despatches during this time for his "exceptional services in the field".[36][37]

In April 1944, II Corps was redesignated as I Corps and returned to Australia, where it established itself on the Atherton Tableland in Queensland.[3][38] The following month, Wells proceeded to Land Command Headquarters in Sydney, where he attended a conference on staff appointments. He returned to the corps eleven days later. During this period, Wells was once again active in organising the unit's training off the Queensland coast,[39] before he was granted a period of leave during August; he returned to duty on 26 September.[40] On 19 July 1945,[41] Wells was upgraded to a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his "exceptional ability and outstanding devotion to duty" in conjunction with the "valuable assistance" given throughout the New Guinea campaign to the General Officer Commanding New Guinea Force.[3][42][43]

During March 1945, Wells acted as one of the eight pallbearers for Major General George Alan Vasey at the latter's funeral. Vasey had been killed in a plane crash just off the coast of Cairns, while en route to assume command of the 6th Division in New Guinea.[44] That same month, it was decided that I Corps would lead an assault against the island of Borneo.[45] As a consequence, headquarters of I Corps moved to Morotai, where it opened on 24 April.[46] The initial Borneo landings took place on 1 May, with the Australian force in action at Tarakan.[47] Over the proceeding engagements, Wells assisted in the organisation and implementation of the operations in Borneo.[48] As the war drew to a close in September 1945, Wells returned to Australia and was posted to Army Headquarters in Melbourne.[3]