Lifford

Lifford (Irish: Leifear, historically anglicised as Liffer)[2] is the county town of County Donegal, Ireland. It is the administrative capital of the county and the seat of Donegal County Council, although the town of Letterkenny is often mistaken for fulfilling this role.

This article is about the town in County Donegal, Ireland. For other uses, see Lifford (disambiguation).
Lifford

Leifear
Town
The Three Coins sculpture, Lifford
Lifford
Location in Ireland
Coordinates: 54.832850°N 7.485639°W / 54.832850; -7.485639
CountryIreland
ProvinceUlster
CountyCounty Donegal
Dáil ÉireannDonegal
Elevation
6 m (20 ft)
Population
 (2016)[1]
 • Total1,626
Time zoneUTC±0 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (IST)
Eircode routing key
F93
Telephone area code+353(0)74
Irish Grid ReferenceH330984
Websitedonegalcoco.ie

Lifford lies in the Finn Valley area of East Donegal where the River Finn meets the River Mourne to create the River Foyle. The Burn Dale (also spelt as the Burn Deele), a burn (small river), flows into the River Foyle just north of Lifford.

History
The Main Street in Lifford.

The town grew up around a castle built there by Manghus Ó Domhnaill, ruler of Tír Chonaill (mostly modern County Donegal), in the 16th century. It later became a British Army garrison town until Ireland won independence as a dominion in early December 1922. It lies across the River Foyle from Strabane (in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland) and is linked to that town by Lifford Bridge. Manus O'Donnell began building the castle in 1527[3] on the Wednesday after St. Brendan's day (Saint Brendan's feast day is celebrated on 16 May). He completed the masonry and woodwork by the end of that summer even though the O’Neill’s of Tír Eoghain were at war with him. In 1543 the castle of Leithbher was given to Cahir (the son of Donnell Balbh) O'Gallagher to be guarded for the O’Donnell clan. He then proceeded to banish the people loyal to the O’Donnell’s from the castle so that he could keep it for himself. In 1544 Calvagh, the son of O'Donnell, went to the English Lord Justice, and brought back English soldiers with him to Tirconnell, the olden name for County Donegal. O'Donnell, Calvagh, and these men went with ‘ordnance and engines for taking towns’ to the castle of Lifford to take it back from the descendants of the O'Gallaghers.

Cahir, the son of Tuathal Balbh & Turlough, the son of Felim Fin O'Gallagher, who had been taken hostage earlier, was brought to the castle to see if the O’Gallagher’s would surrender. Which they wouldn’t. As the English attacked one was killed instantly so they killed Cahir, the son of Tuathal on the spot. The castle was then surrendered to O’Donnell to spare the life of Turlough, the son of Felim Fin and another son of Tuathal Balbh.

St. Lugadius Church of Ireland Church in Lifford.

Sadly, Lifford Castle is no longer standing but here is a poem[4] from the late 16th century about the castle, it describes the owners and surroundings at the time.

"A beloved dwelling is the castle of Lifford, homestead of a wealth abounding encampment; forge of hospitality for the men of Ulster, a dwelling it is hard to leave.
Beloved are the two who keep that house without excess, without lack; the ward of the stout, even-surfaced tower are the supporting pillars of the province.
Short is the day, no matter what its length, in the company of the royal warrior of Conchobhar's Plain; fleet are the long days from the lady of bright-walled Tara.
The daughter of noble Shane O'Neill, and the son of O'Donnell of Dún Iomgháin—they are in the ancient, comely dwelling as entertainers of guests.
Dear the hostel in which these are wont to be, dear the folk who dwell in the hostel; the people of the house and the house of that people happy is any who shall get honor such as theirs.
Beloved the delightful, lofty building, its tables, its coverlets, its cupboards; its wondrous, handsome, firm walls, its smooth marble arches.
Beloved is the castle in which we used to spend a while at chess-playing, a while with the daughters of the men of Bregia, a while with the fair books of the poets.
The fortress of smooth-lawned Lifford no one in the world can leave it once it is found; that dwelling is the Durlas of the north.
Or else it is Eamhain which used to vary in form, or Croghan of the children of Mágha, or Tara of the race of Cobhthach—this bright castle, rich in trees and horses.
Or it is Naas, the fortress of Leinster, as it was first fashioned; or the fertile, ancient abode of the children of Corc, green, conspicuous Cashel.
Or it is fair Lifford itself—hardly is any of these castles better—which hath of yore assumed those shapes ye are wont to hold dear".

The Battle of Lifford was fought in 1600 during Tyrone's Rebellion.

Following the defeat of O'Doherty's Rebellion at the Battle of Kilmacrennan in 1608, a number of captured rebels were brought to Lifford where they were tried by Irish civilian courts and executed. The most notable rebel to be executed was Phelim Reagh MacDavitt.

In 1611[5] Lifford came into the possession of Sir Richard Hansard during the Plantation of Ulster. One of the conditions of his grant was that a ferry crossing be provided over the River Finn. This service continued until 1730 when the first bridge linking Lifford and Strabane was built.

In the 19th century a curious custom existed when if, by the end of the Assizes in Lifford or Omagh courthouses, a jury could not reach a unanimous verdict in a case, they were sent to the "verge" of the county to be dismissed.[6] In some of the cases of counties Donegal and Tyrone this would have been the middle of Lifford Bridge.

The present bridge was constructed by engineering company Farrans in 1964, jointly funded by Donegal County Council and the old Tyrone County Council.[7]

Lifford achieved national recognition in the 2008 Tidy Towns Awards [8] as the best newcomer to the competition in Category 'C'.

Politics
Ogham stone in the Diamond, Lifford.

National Government

Lifford was once a constituency that elected two M.P.s (Members of Parliament) from the area to the Irish House of Commons from the years 1692 until 1800. More information on who represented the area can be found here at Lifford (Parliament of Ireland constituency).

Lifford is now part of the county-wide five-seat Donegal constituency. Prior to that, it was in the Dáil constituency of Donegal South-West. It had formerly been in Donegal North-East, but due to the population shift within the County, an electoral boundary review in 2008 moved the town and environs to Donegal SW. The town also moved from the Letterkenny Electoral Area to the Stranorlar Electoral Area as part of that boundary review.[9] In the 2016 General Election, the constituency returned Charlie McConalogue (Fianna Fáil), Pearse Doherty (Sinn Féin), Pat "the Cope" Gallagher (Fianna Fáil), Joe McHugh (Fine Gael) and Thomas Pringle (Independent).

Local Government

The town is part of the Stranorlar Municipal District which returns local residents to Donegal County Council. Currently, there are two local residents who are councillors with Donegal County Council, namely Gerry Crawford (Fianna Fáil) and Gary Doherty (Sinn Féin).[10]

Demographics

Lifford Town has a population of 1,626 as of 2016 census,[11] an increase of 178 on the 2006 census.[12] Of the 1,626 residents 794 were male and 832 female.[13]

Lifford is part of the Parish of Clonleigh with a population of 3,547, the parish is subdivided for electoral purposes into two separate Electoral Districts, Clonleigh North and Clonleigh South, in 2016 the population of Clonleigh North was 1,374 (711 male and 663 female)[14] and in Clonleigh South the 2016 population was 2,173 (1,078 male and 1,095 female).[15]

Education

Lifford is served by several schools all of which are Primary/National Schools. For Second level education students must travel to either, Raphoe, Stranorlar or Strabane in Northern Ireland. Primary schools cater for children from age 5 to 13 in yearly classes from Junior Infants to sixth class. All children must receive an education in the Republic of Ireland between the ages of five and sixteen. More information can be found by clicking HERE.

Primary Schools in Lifford are:

  • St. Patrick’s, (Murlog National School). A 162 pupil school (Enrolment: Boys: 99 Girls: 63 (2012/13)).[16]
  • Scoil Mhuire gan Smal, (Lifford National School). A 102 pupil school (Enrolment: Boys: 52 Girls: 50 (2012/13)).[17]
  • Scoil Cholmcille Naofa, (Ballylast National School). A 68 pupil school (Enrolment: Boys: 34 Girls: 34 (2012/13)).[18]
  • Scoil Bhrighde, (Boyagh National School). A 35 pupil school (Enrolment: Boys: 17 Girls: 18 (2012/13)).[19]
  • Scoil Cholmcille, (Cloughfin National School). A 32 pupil school (Enrolment: Boys: 11 Girls: 21 (2012/13)).[20]

There were other primary schools in the parish but are long since gone, namely Blackrock National School and Ballindrait National School.[21] The Prior Endowed School and The Hansard Grammar School were fee-paying schools in Lifford and are now also closed; see below for further information on these schools.

Historical Buildings & Places of Interest
The Old Courthouse, Lifford.

Lifford Courthouse

The courthouse is now a restaurant and heritage centre and is located across from the County House, the HQ of Donegal County Council, in The Diamond area of the town. The courthouse was designed by Michael Priestly of Dublin and built in 1746. The museum houses a permanent display of O'Donnell clan documents and artefacts, as well as minute books from various institutes in County Donegal. It also houses some of the original cells belonging to the Courthouse.

Lifford Gaol was formerly the County Gaol for County Donegal. It was located on the north-eastern side of The Diamond. The old gaol was demolished in the first decade of the twentieth century.

Cavanacor House

Cavanacor House is located just off the N14 on the outskirts of the town - which is the ancestral home of the 11th President of the United States of America, James Knox Polk. His great, great, great grandmother (Magdelene Tasker) was born here[22] in 1634, she later married Capt. Robert Bruce Pollock and emigrated to the US. King James II & VII dined at Cavanacor House on his way to the Siege of Derry in 1689.[22]

Prior Endowed School

The school was built in 1880 to cater for local Protestant children with monies bequeathed by Miss Eleanor Prior from nearby Ballindrait. The Prior School closed in 1972, being amalgamated with The Royal School in Raphoe to create The Royal & Prior Comprehensive School.[23] The school and grounds were first taken over by the then Irish Department of Posts and Telegraphs, and later (from 1974) by the Irish Defence Forces for use as a military barracks. The Barracks has since closed along with Rockhill House Military Post in Letterkenny, on 31 January 2009.

St. Lugadius Church

Clonleigh (Church of Ireland) Parish Church was built in 1621. Sir Richard Hansard who had been granted land at Lifford directed in his will that a church be built in Lifford. There is a monument to Sir Richard and his wife Dame Anne inside the church with a plaque on the wall detailing his wishes and who the executors of his will were. In the graveyard George Gardiner is buried, he won a Victoria Cross during the Crimean War in 1855.

St. Patrick’s (Roman Catholic) Church
St. Patrick's Roman Catholic church at Murlog, Lifford

St. Patrick’s is the second church on the present site. The first church was built here at Murlog in the 18th century after the Earl of Erne saw Catholic worshippers praying in the open. The church was later demolished to make way for the new church which was built in 1963. A three-stage gothic tower dating from about 1820 was attached to the old church and was saved by the parish; it is still standing next to the new church. The church is in the parish of Clonleigh, formerly Clonleigh and Camus until it was established as an independent parish in 1974.

Lifford Community Hospital

The Hospital was once the County Hospital catering for all of County Donegal. It is located on the banks of the River Foyle just before you cross the bridge into Northern Ireland. Although this is not the first location of the County Hospital, It was originally in the diamond area of the town in a place called the Barrack yard. The Hospital first opened in this location in 1773. The first surgeon was a man called Mr. William Hamilton from nearby Strabane. In 1780 it was proposed to move to new premises with the Cavalry Barracks and stables in the town being sought, it was not until 1799 that the premises were renovated and ready to be occupied. In the early 1900s the hospital was operating at full strength with the Maternity and Surgical wards treating on average 400 patients and carrying out around 350 operations annually.[24] The hospital today caters for long and short term residents by providing a convalescent and respite service. Physiotherapy and chiropody services are also provided in the hospital for the in-patients and out-patients from the greater East Donegal area.[25]

Hansard's Grammar School

The will of Sir Richard Hansard in 1619, endowed a private school,[26] in Lifford. The will provided for 30 pounds sterling a year for a master, and 20 pounds sterling a year for an usher. The school was intended to cater for classical studies. All children of Clonleigh parish were to be entitled to attend for free education. Hansards' Grammar School commenced operations in 1697. In 1791, the Commissioners of Education reported that there were no free scholars in the school out of an attendance of 18, of whom 6 were boarders. The Commissioners of 1807–1812 reported the school as being in a very unsatisfactory condition. While the headmaster and usher were being paid salaries according to the endowment, the teaching had been handed off to a third person on a wage of 6 pounds sterling a year. Furthermore, classical subjects were not being taught, only arithmetic. The school continued in decline until 1840, until an inspection by the Commissioners precipitated the resignation of the master, who was accused of major neglect. Attendance which had been as low as three pupils rapidly increased under a new classical teacher. Sometime before 1856, the Earl Erne (whose family, the Creightons / Crichtons, had originally settled in Ulster at Lifford before moving south to County Fermanagh), on behalf of the Church of Ireland Bishop of Derry and Raphoe, converted the school into an English-style school, and hired a master and mistress. Both were dismissed in 1856. At this time there was a dwelling house attached to the school, lived in by a previous master. In 1857, the school was reopened as an English school under the management of the Bishop of Derry and Raphoe.

Transport

Road

Lifford is known as the "Gateway to Donegal"; this is because it is the first town you enter in County Donegal when travelling from Dublin on the N2 (A5/A38 through County Tyrone). As you enter you cross Lifford Bridge. Two national primary routes, the N15 to Sligo via Stranorlar, Donegal Town and Ballyshannon and also the N14 to Letterkenny, take travellers to all parts in the County. There is also the R265/R236/A40 national secondary route to Derry City. Lifford has several daily bus services operated by Bus Éireann to Dublin Airport / Dublin City Centre (Busáras). They also serve Letterkenny and Ballybofey, where connections can be had for travelling onwards to Sligo with its railway station and bus station. Lifford is also very close to Strabane Bus Depot, located on Bradley Way in Strabane. From here, Ulsterbus operate services to Derry, Belfast, Omagh and other places in Northern Ireland.

Air

City of Derry Airport is the nearest major airport to Lifford, approximately a 40-minute drive (22 Miles/35 km). Daily flights to and from the airport include London Stansted, Glasgow, Liverpool.

Donegal Airport is a regional airport located at Carrickfinn in West Donegal, approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes from Lifford, (52 Miles/83 km). Flights from here go to Dublin and Glasgow several times weekly.

Belfast International Airport is located 62 Miles/100 km to the east of Lifford near the town of Antrim in Northern Ireland. Driving time to here is approximately an hour and a half.

Dublin Airport (The busiest airport in Ireland)[27] lies 128 Miles/206 km South-East of Lifford. Driving time from here is just under 3 hours.

Canal

Railway

The nearest railway station is Waterside Station in Derry. This station is operated by Northern Ireland Railways (N.I.R.) and runs from Derry, via Coleraine, to Central Station and Great Victoria Street Station in Belfast. The strategically important Belfast-Derry railway line is to be upgraded to facilitate more frequent trains and improvements to the permanent way, such as track and signalling, to enable faster services.

Sport
Lifford Greyhound Stadium

Lifford is home to a number of sporting clubs, including:

  • Naomh Pádraig GAA Club.[29] Founded in 1953 as Lifford GAA (Gaelic Athletic Association) Club, in 1992 the club was renamed Naomh Padraig, Leifear. The club play in the Donegal Football League Division 5,[30] they play their home games at McDermott Park in the Roughan.
  • Lifford Celtic Football Club The club play in Division One (Second Tier) of the Donegal Junior Football League,[31] their home ground is at Greenbrae Park. Lifford Celtic have won the Donegal League Premier Division in the 2012/2013 season.
  • Deele Harps Football Club The club play in the Division Two (Third Tier) of the Donegal Junior Football League.[32]
  • Lifford Strabane Athletic Club [33] train at their athletic track[34] and grounds in the Roughan.
  • The Three Rivers Shotokan Karate Club, The karate club train all age groups from beginner to black belt in the Lifford/Clonleigh Community Resource Centre on the Gallows Lane.
  • St. Patrick's (Clonleigh) Bowling Club. They play in the Donegal Indoor Bowling League Division Two.[35]

Voluntary organisations
  • Strabane/Lifford Rotary Club is a non-political, non-religious charitable organisation run by the business and professional leaders of the community. The main objective of Rotary is "service—in the community, in the workplace, and throughout the world". Its aim also is to raise funds to help the disadvantaged of the local area and around the world. Rotary International has over 1.2 million members, known as Rotarians, around the world that belong to more than 30,000 clubs. The Rotary motto is Service Above Self.[36]
  • Lifford Youthreach is part of Donegal Education and Training Board. It provides training and education for early school leavers from the area. The Youthreach programme began in the town in May 2000, it started as an outreach from the Letterkenny Youthreach centre and then operated as an independent centre from 2001. Its premises are in the Diamond in the town centre. Various training programmes offered are up to FETAC Level 4.[37]
  • Lifford Scout Group. The full title of the Scout group is the 19th Donegal (Lifford) Scout Group.[38] The group was formed in 1985 to cater for the children of the parish. Lifford Scouts are members of Errigal Scout County which encompass all the Scout groups from County Donegal and parts of Counties Tyrone and Londonderry. The county group is, in turn, part of the Northern Scout Province, this group then is part of Scouting Ireland. Scouting Ireland covers Scouting on the island of Ireland, although it operates alongside The Scout Association in Northern Ireland.
  • The Lifford Circle Group. This voluntary community group was set up in 2009 by five people from the local area who had participated in an International Fund for Ireland (IFI) funded programme called ‘Experiences of the Troubles’. The aim of this group is to ‘channel the knowledge, skills, ideas and networks that have been forged to invigorate a stronger sense of community spirit’. The group has been instrumental in the setting up of community allotments for use by the people of the town and wider community.
  • Lifford Clonleigh Resource Centre. The Resource Centre was founded by a group of people from Croaghan Heights, a local housing estate. Local people had been frustrated by a lack of resources and proper facilities in the area; they wanted to make Lifford a better place in which to live. In the beginning, the group worked from a portacabin but soon realised that a larger more suitable premises would be needed. Funding was sought from the then North-Western Health Board who appointed a part-time Community Worker. Later, In December 1992, the Project was included in the Community Development Programme (CDP), funded by the Department of Social Welfare. The CDP assisted the Resource Centre to pay the staff and purchase equipment. The centre is run on a Voluntary Management Committee basis backed up by volunteers who assist in running various projects within the Resource Centre. The aim of the Centre is ‘To promote changes collectively in the Lifford / Clonleigh area to enhance people’s quality of life by bringing about equality of opportunity and justice in a holistic way’.

Notable people

See also

References
  1. "Sapmap Area - Settlements - Lifford". Census 2016. CSO. 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  2. Placenames Database of Ireland (see archival records)
  3. (p665)
  4. "The bardic poems of Tadhg Dall Ó Huiginn (1550–1591)" CELT, the Corpus of Electronic Texts. Retrieved 16 May 2013
  5. Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command - Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons - Google Books. Books.google.ie. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
  6. The Second Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England, Page 547
  7. "Lifford Bridge". Sabre. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  8. "Welcome to TidyTowns Ireland". Tidytowns.ie. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
  9. Electoral Area Committees - Home Page Archived 1 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  10. "Donegal County Council". donegalcoco.ie.
  11. http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ST2016&Geog_Code=DD76B555-DBAE-400C-AA6D-A9826998CA55#SAPMAP_T1_100
  12. Beyond 20/20 WDS - Table View Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  13. http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ST2016&Geog_Code=DD76B555-DBAE-400C-AA6D-A9826998CA55#SAPMAP_T1_110
  14. http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ED3409&Geog_Code=2AE19629209A13A3E055000000000001#SAPMAP_T1_100
  15. http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ED3409&Geog_Code=2AE19629209B13A3E055000000000001#SAPMAP_T1_100
  16. St Patricks National School, Donegal on. Schooldays.ie (3 February 2014). Retrieved on 2014-02-03.
  17. Scoil Mhuire Gan Smál, Donegal on. Schooldays.ie (3 February 2014). Retrieved on 2014-02-03.
  18. Scoil Cholmcille Naofa, Donegal on. Schooldays.ie (3 February 2014). Retrieved on 2014-02-03.
  19. Scoil Bhrighde, Donegal on. Schooldays.ie (3 February 2014). Retrieved on 2014-02-03.
  20. Scoil Cholmcille / Cloughfin National School, Donegal on. Schooldays.ie (3 February 2014). Retrieved on 2014-02-03.
  21. http://eppi.dippam.ac.uk/images/pages/15228/0000061.jpg%5B%5D
  22. ©Searc.ie. "Donegal County.com & Dún na nGall.com - Cavanacor House". Dun-na-ngall.com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
  23. "Royal and Prior Comprehensive School, Raphoe". Royalandprior.ie. Archived from the original on 30 January 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
  24. History Links Project. Accessed 08 July 2013
  25. "my Home from Home". myhomefromhome.ie. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  26. Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Endowments, Funds and Actual Condition of all Schools Endowed for the Purposes of Education in Ireland, 1858
  27. Overview. Dublinairport.com. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
  28. "Lifford Halt station" (PDF). Railscot - Irish Railways. Retrieved 28 October 2007.
  29. Official Website of Naomh Padraig Lifford Archived 3 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  30. http://donegalgaa.ie/fixtures-results/?countyBoardID=8&compID=103247&leagueTable=y |date=07 April 2018
  31. http://www.donegaljuniorleague.ie/league/120897/temple_domestic_appliances_d1 |date=07 April 2018
  32. http://www.donegaljuniorleague.ie/league/120898/donegal_physiotherapy&performance_centre_d2 |date=07 April 2018
  33. https://www.facebook.com/liffordac/ |date=07 April 2018
  34. Lifford Athletic Club and Gym Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  35. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) /Donegal Bowling League
  36. The Rotary Club of Strabane Lifford. Strabaneliffordrotary.org. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
  37. Lifford Youthreach Centre | VEC. Donegalvec.ie (1 October 2012). Retrieved on 2013-07-23.
  38. 19th Donegal (Lifford) Scout Group. Facebook. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
  39. Friends of the Metropolitan Archives Archived 13 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com (26 July 2005). Retrieved on 2013-07-23.
  40. Horse Music. Bloodaxe Books. 2013. p. 96.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.