List of Hammond organ players

The Hammond organ is an electric organ invented by Laurens Hammond and John M. Hanert.[1] The instrument was first manufactured in 1935.[2] It has two manuals along with a set of bass pedals.[3] A variety of models have been produced. The most popular is the B-3, produced between 1954 and 1974.[4]

A Hammond C-3 organ

The instrument was designed to replace the pipe organ in churches, and early adopters included Henry Ford and George Gershwin,[5] but it was not widely adopted for classical music.[6] However, it was played in African American churches, and its use spread to gospel music and then to jazz in the 1950s. After usage declined in the jazz world in the 1970s, it subsequently regained its popularity in the genre and has become the second most used keyboard instrument in jazz after the piano.[7] Jimmy Smith popularized the Hammond organ, and its technique of using drawbars and pedals.[8]

Having found success in jazz, the Hammond organ became popular in rhythm and blues, including Booker T. & the M.G.'s and other Stax Records artists.[9] From there, it became used in rock music, with users including Ian McLagan, Matthew Fisher, Steve Winwood,[10][11] Mike Finnigan, Gregg Allman[12] and Jon Lord.[13] It became a significant instrument in progressive rock during the early 1970s,[14] and became a featured instrument in ska and reggae.[15] Although the original Hammond Organ Company collapsed, it was purchased by the Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation, who continued to manufacture the instrument using several former staff for research and development.[16] Jazz organists, including Joey DeFrancesco and Barbara Dennerlein, have continued to feature the Hammond organ into the 21st-century.[17][18]


A

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Don Airey b. 1948 C-3
A-100
Rainbow,
Ozzy Osbourne,
Deep Purple[19]
Used Jon Lord's old C-3 upon joining Deep Purple, but prefers the A-100.[20]
Gregg Allman 1947–2017 B-3 The Allman Brothers Band Was given a brand new B-3 and Leslie 122RV when the band was formed.[21]
Tori Amos b. 1963 B-3 Y Kant Tori Read Played a Hammond on her 2005 album The Beekeeper.[22]
Rod Argent b. 1945 B-3 The Zombies,
Argent[23]
Solo on 1972 hit single "Hold Your Head Up" cited by Rick Wakeman as "the greatest organ solo ever".[24]
Brian Auger b. 1939 L-100
B-3
Julie Driscoll, The Trinity, The Oblivion Express Played without a Leslie speaker.[25]

B

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Joe Bagg b. 1967 B-3[26] Jeff Goldblum & The Mildred Snitzer Orchestra[27], Anthony Wilson Featured on downbeat's rising stars for organ (2011[28]-present[29])
Tony Banks b. 1950 L-122
T-102
Genesis Bought a L-122 when the band was formed,[30] which was replaced by a T-102.[31]
Hugh Banton b. 1949 E-100
C-3
Van der Graaf Generator Played a Hammond E-100 organ that he personally modified with customised electronics.[32]
Nickey Barclay b. 1951[33] TTR-100[34]
C-3
Fanny[35][36]
Peter Bardens 1944–2002 C-3 Shotgun Express,
Camel,
Van Morrison[37]
Graham Bond 1937–1974 Don Rendell Quintet,
Blues Incorporated,
The Graham Bond Organisation
An early adopter of the Hammond in the UK, playing it on stage as early as 1962.[38]
James Brown 1933–2006[39] B-3[40] Used the same model for 20 years, calling it "The Godfather", and played it on sessions for other artists.[41]
Milt Buckner 1915–1977 B-3[42] The Hammond Organ Trio Pioneered the use of the Hammond organ in jazz.[43] Always played alongside a bass player because he was simply too short to reach the bass pedals.[44]
John "Rabbit" Bundrick b. 1948 C-3,
XB-2
The Who
Free
Used a Hammond on loan from Pete Townshend when he started touring with The Who. Has since used a XB-2.[45]
Jerry Burke 1911–1965 Lawrence Welk Organist for Lawrence Welk from 1934 until his death. Published several volumes of organ arrangements.[46]

C

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Felix Cavaliere b. 1942 The (Young) Rascals,
Steven Van Zandt's 'Little Steven and the Disciples of Soul',
Ringo Starr's All-Starr Band[47]
Songwriters Hall of Fame inductee [48]
Bill Champlin b. 1947 Sk1-73 & B-3 Keyboard player with US band Sons of Champlin and Wunderground.[49] Worked with artists including Patti LaBelle, Lou Rawls, Elton John, Boz Scaggs, Donna Summer, Nancy Wilson, George Benson, Jimmy Smith, Amy Grant, Neil Diamond and Kenny Rogers[50]
Elbernita "Twinkie" Clark b. 1954 The Clark Sisters US gospel singer, composer, musician, and evangelist dubbed "The Queen of the B-3". Has performed in The Clark Sisters and as a solo artist.[51]
Rob Collins 1965–1996 The Charlatans[52]
Tom Coster b. 1941[53] B-3[54] Santana,
John McLaughlin[55]
Vincent Crane 1943–1989 C-3 The Crazy World of Arthur Brown,
Atomic Rooster[56]
Jesse Crawford 1895–1962 A US pianist and organist who performed in the 1920s as a theatre organist for silent films. In the 1930s, he switched to the Hammond, and also used the chord organ.[57]

D

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Jackie Davis 1920–1999 B-3[58]
Wild Bill Davis 1918–1995[59] C-3 Floyd Smith, Johnny Hodges American jazz pianist, organist, and arranger.[60]
Lenny Dee 1923–2006 A
B-3
transistor models
An American pop/easy listening/boogie-woogie/jazz organist whose career spanned six decades and 56 albums; he had a Top 20 hit in 1955 with "Plantation Boogie". Used various tonewheel and transistor Hammonds, and was a strong critic of the company.[61]
Joey DeFrancesco b. 1971 B-3, New B-3 An American jazz organist and trumpeter. Down Beat's 2003 Critics Poll selected him as "top jazz organist". Mentored by Jimmy Smith, he has performed with Miles Davis and John McLaughlin.[62]
"Papa" John DeFrancesco b. 1940 B-3[63] Father of Joey DeFrancesco.
Barbara Dennerlein b. 1964 B-3 Has achieved particular critical acclaim for use of the bass pedals,[17] and mixing the Hammond with samples. Has won the Down Beat "Talent Deserving of Wider Recognition" title five times, and is a three-time recipient of the German Critics Award.[64]
Bill Doggett 1916–1996 Billy Butler Co-wrote and recorded the instrumental "Honky Tonk" in 1956.[65]
Tyrone Downie b. 1956 Bob Marley and the Wailers Used on "No Woman, No Cry" on the album Live![66]

E

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Charles Earland 1941–1999[67][68] B-3 Grover Washington, Jr.
Keith Emerson 1944–2016 L-100
C-3
The Nice /
Emerson, Lake & Palmer /
Emerson, Lake & Powell
Infamously abused a L-100 on stage, sticking knives in the instrument.[69]
John Evan b. 1948 C-3 Jethro Tull[70]

F

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Georgie Fame b. 1943 M-100 Georgie Fame and the Blue Flames Pioneer of British rhythm and blues through his performances at the Flamingo Club, London in the mid-1960s.[71]
Danny Federici 1950–2008 B-3 Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band[72]
Mike Finnigan b. 1945 B-3 Jimi Hendrix,[12] Les Dudek, Taj Mahal, The Phantom Blues Band
Matthew Fisher b. 1946 M-102 Procol Harum Co-wrote and recorded "A Whiter Shade of Pale".[73]
Henry Ford 1863–1947 A[5]

G

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Mick Gallagher b. 1945 C-3 Ian Dury, The Blockheads, The Animals, Peter Frampton, The Clash[74]
George Gershwin 1898–1937 A[5]
Larry Goldings b. 1968 B-3[75] Maceo Parker, Peter Bernstein
Dave Greenfield (1949–2020) L-100 The Stranglers[76]
Dave Greenslade b. 1943 Greenslade,
Colosseum
Focused on Hammond organ in Greenslade while Dave Lawson played synthesizers.[77]

H

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Bo Hansson 1943–2010 Hansson & Karlsson A jam session featuring Hansson with Jimi Hendrix has been widely bootlegged.[78]
Atsuko Hashimoto b. 197? B-3 with one or two Leslie speakers Jeff Hamilton, Yutaka Hashimoto (jazz guitarist) Plays in jazz trios with a drummer and either a saxophonist or a guitarist.[79]
Alexander Hawkins b. 1981 As part of the trio Decoy.[80]
Isaac Hayes 1942–2008[81] B-3 Stax Records Used on Hot Buttered Soul.[82]
Cory Henry b. 1987 B-3 Cory Henry & The Funk Apostles[83]
Ken Hensley b. 1945 B-3 Uriah Heep[84]
Milt Herth[85] 1902–1969[86]
Christopher Holland[87] b. 196? Brother of Jools Holland.[88]
Richard "Groove" Holmes 1931–1991 B-3, X-77, Concorde[89] Gene Ammons, Les McCann, Gerald Wilson
John Hondorp b. 1964 A-100, B-3,
HX-3
Unit Records[90]

I

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Doug Ingle b. 1945 Iron Butterfly Started with a Vox organ and later moved to Hammond.[91]

J

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Booker T. Jones[92] b. 1944[93] M-1,
M-3,
B-3[94]
Booker T. & the M.G.'s, The Mar-Keys, Otis Redding, Stephen Stills, Dirty Dozen Brass Band, Drive By Truckers, Rancid Played a M-3 on the 1962 R&B hit "Green Onions".[92]
Melvyn "Deacon" Jones 1943–2017 B-3 Baby Huey & the Babysitters, The Impressions band, Freddie King band, John Lee Hooker band[95][96]
John Paul Jones b. 1946 M-100, C-3,
SK-1
Led Zeppelin[97] English multi-instrumentalist, best known as a bass player
Lonnie Jordan b. 1948 B-3 Eric Burdon, War [98]

K

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Tony Kaye b. 1946[99] M-100
C-3
Yes,
Badger[100]
Al Kooper b. 1944[101] Bob Dylan / Super Session /
Blood, Sweat & Tears
Played a Hammond on Dylan's "Like a Rolling Stone".[102]
Joe Krown b. 1962 A-100, B-3,
XK-2
Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown Played with Brown from 1992 to 2005.[103]

L

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Franz Lambert b. 1948 Also Wersi organs
Robert Lamm b. 1944 B-3[104] Chicago
Eddie Layton 1925–2004 Promoted the Hammond as a touring demonstrator, and played the organ at old Yankee Stadium for nearly 40 years.[105]
Ron Levy[106] b. 1951 B-3[107] B.B. King band, Roomful of Blues, Ron Levy's Wild Kingdom
Jon Lord 1941–2012 C-3 Deep Purple Founding member of Deep Purple, played a C-3 through a Marshall amplifier.[13]
Eddy Louiss 1941–2015[108] Jean-Luc Ponty

M

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Ray Manzarek 1939–2013 C-3[109] The Doors Used a C-3 on L.A. Woman and the band's post-Jim Morrison career.
Hank Marr 1927–2004[110] C-3, B-3
X-66[111]
Rusty Bryant [112]
Page McConnell b. 1963[113] B-3 Phish[114]
Jack McDuff[115] 1926–2001 B-3[116] Willis Jackson Also known as "Brother" Jack McDuff. An early collaborator with George Benson.[117]
Jimmy McGriff[118] 1936–2008 B-3 Hank Crawford Bought a B-3 in 1956, having already accomplished several other instruments.[119]
Goldy McJohn 1945–2017 M-3, B-3 Steppenwolf[120]
Ron "Pigpen" McKernan 1945–1973 B-3 Grateful Dead Upgraded from a Vox Continental to a B-3 in 1968.[121]
Ian McLagan 1945–2014[122] M-100 Small Faces,[10]
Faces,
Rolling Stones[123]
John Medeski[124] b. 1965[125] B-3 Medeski Martin & Wood, John Scofield
Lee Michaels[126] b. 1945 B-2 Often played as a duo, with the Hammond covering all sounds except drums.[127]
Money Mark Beastie Boys[128]
Brent Mydland 1952–1990[129] B-3 Grateful Dead[130]

N

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Christopher North b. 1951 B-3 Ambrosia[131]

O

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Spooner Oldham b. 1943 B-3 FAME Studios, Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, Dan Penn, Neil Young On The Box Tops' "Cry Like a Baby"[132] and on Keith Richards' Crosseyed Heart.[133]
Mike Oldfield b. 1953 On Tubular Bells,[134] and Tubular Bells II.[135]

P

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Don Patterson[136] 1936–1988[137] B-3 Booker Ervin, Sonny Stitt
Big John Patton[138] 1935–2002 B-3 Grant Green
Sonny Phillips b. 1936 B-3 Gene Ammons, Houston Person[139]
Billy Preston 1946–2006[140] B-3 The Beatles,[141]
The Rolling Stones,[140] Eric Clapton
Alan Price b. 1942[142] The Animals,
Alan Price Set[143]
Started off with a Vox Continental organ.

R

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Doug Riley 1945–2007 Famous People Players Known as "Dr. Music".[144][145]
Billy Ritchie b. 1944 '1–2–3',
Clouds[146]
Gregg Rolie b. 1947[147] B-3 Santana,
Journey[148]

S

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Merl Saunders 1934–2008 B-3, XB-2 Jerry Garcia[149]
Rhoda Scott[150] b. 1938 B-3, B-3000 (custom model)
Shirley Scott[151] 1934–2002 B-3[152] Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Stanley Turrentine
Paul Shaffer b. 1949[153] B-3 Saturday Night Live (SNL), The Blues Brothers,
David Letterman[154]
Beginning in 1982 through 2015 (33 years), Shaffer served as musical director/band leader for David Letterman's late night talk shows.
Dave Sinclair[155] b.1947 A-100 Caravan[156] Used a fuzz-box to achieve distorted guitar-like sound on solos.[157]
Ethel Smith 1902–1996[158][159] A Known as "The First Lady of the Hammond Organ".[160]
Jimmy Smith 1925–2005 B-3 Wes Montgomery His 1950s Blue Note recordings inspired countless organists of the 1960s and 1970s.[8]
Johnny "Hammond" Smith[161] 1933–1997[162] B-3[163] Houston Person
Lonnie Smith[164] b. 1942[165] B-3 George Benson, Lou Donaldson
Mark Stein b. 1947 B-3 Vanilla Fudge[166]
Dave Stewart b. 1950 L-100 Egg,
Hatfield and the North,
National Health,
Bruford[167]

T

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
James Taylor B-3 The Prisoners, James Taylor Quartet (JTQ) Credited with popularising the Hammond organ in acid jazz.[168]

V

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Earl Van Dyke 1930–1992[169] B-3 The Funk Brothers, Fred Jackson, Ike Quebec Backed many "hits" for the Motown Records label.[170]
Thijs van Leer b. 1948[171] L-100
XB-3[172]
Focus[173]
Marián Varga 1947–2017 T-262
X-77
Prúdy, Collegium Musicum

W

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Cherry Wainer 1935–2014 Lord Rockingham's XI[174] Hammond customised with quilted white-leather and diamanté studs.
Rick Wakeman b. 1949 L-100
C-3
Yes,
Strawbs,
English Rock Ensemble[175]
Fats Waller 1904–1943[176] A Started his career on pipe organ, then became an early adopter of the Hammond.[177]
Peter Weltner b. 1952 New B-3
soloist,
organ-drums duo[178]
Steve Winwood b. 1948 C-3, B-3 The Spencer Davis Group,
Traffic,
Blind Faith[179]
Rick Wright 1943–2008 M-100
C-3
Pink Floyd Founding member of Pink Floyd, upgraded from a Farfisa Compact Duo to a M-100 on stage in 1970.[180]
Winston Wright 1944–1993 Tommy McCook's Supersonics, Harry J Allstars Acknowledged as Jamaica's master of the Hammond organ.[181]

Y

Image Name Lifetime Models played Associated acts Notes
Larry Young 1940–1978 B-3[182] Tony Williams' Lifetime

References

Citations
  1. Bush & Kassel 2006, p. 168.
  2. Corbin 2006, p. 151.
  3. Faragher 2011, p. 33–34.
  4. Vail 2002, p. 33.
  5. Vail 2002, p. 15.
  6. Kirchner 2005, p. 384.
  7. Gioia, Ted (2011). The History of Jazz. Oxford University Press. pp. 293–295. ISBN 978-0-19-983058-9.
  8. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 1170.
  9. Vail 2002, p. 21.
  10. Johansen 2000, p. 65.
  11. Welch 1990, p. 73.
  12. Allman & Light 2012, pp. 67–68.
  13. Till 2010, p. 122.
  14. Macan 1997, p. 34.
  15. Masouri 2010, pp. 71, 596.
  16. Faragher 2011, pp. 14, 143.
  17. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 325.
  18. Faragher 2011, p. 248.
  19. Fortner, Stephen (1 November 2010). "Time Machine – Jon Lord and Don Airey". Keyboard Magazine. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  20. "CRR Interview – Don Airey: It's Deep Purple & There's a Hammond". Classicrockrevisited.com. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  21. Allman & Light 2012, p. 100.
  22. Brown, Jake (2011). Tori Amos: In the Studio. ECW Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-55490-970-4.
  23. Faragher 2011, p. 200.
  24. "Ron Galloway: Interview With the Zombie – Rod Argent On Gershwin, Bill Evans, Miles Davis & The Penny Lane Piano". Huffingtonpost.com. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  25. Faragher 2011, p. 203.
  26. "Bio". Joe bagg.com. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  27. Dansby, Andrew (11 September 2019). "Bet you didn't know Jeff Goldblum also leads a jazz combo that's coming to Houston next week?". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  28. Doerschuk, Bob (August 2011). "Illuminating Ideas" (PDF). Downbeat. 78: 43.
  29. "Index of /digitaledition". www.downbeat.com. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  30. "Beat Instrumental & International Recording". Beat Publications Ltd. 1976. Retrieved 23 July 2014. I went into a shop with the cash and came out with a Hammond L122 Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  31. Melbourne, Doug (April 2009). "ReGenesis : Early Genesis for the modern keyboardist". Sound on Sound. Retrieved 28 August 2013. I was the proud owner of a Hammond M-102 Spinet organ (similar to the T-102 Tony Banks used)
  32. Christopulos, Jim; Smart, Phil (2005). Van der Graaf Generator, The Book: A History of the Band Van der Graaf Generator 1967 to 1978. Phil and Jim Publishers. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-9551337-0-1.
  33. "Ten women who influenced rock 'n' roll more than you know". Goldmine. 13 February 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  34. "Fanny – 23 November 1971". Beat-Club. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  35. Fanny Hill (Media notes). Reprise Records. 1972. K 44174.
  36. "One Of Bowie's Favorite Bands Was The All Female Group "Fanny."". Ultimate Classic Rock. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  37. Salewicz, Chris (31 January 2002). "Peter Bardens – Obituaries – News – The Independent". The Independent. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  38. Shapiro, Harry (2009). Jack Bruce: Composing Himself : the Authorised Biography. Jawbone Publishing Corp. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-906002-26-8.
  39. Faragher 2011, p. 216.
  40. "Hammond B-3 organ owned by James Brown - Smithsonian Music". music.si.edu. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  41. Brown, Geoff (2009). The Life of James Brown. Omnibus Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-857-12032-8.
  42. All About Jazz. "Milt Buckner @ All About Jazz". Musicians.allaboutjazz.com. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  43. Ritz, David (2013). Faith In Time: The Life Of Jimmy Scott. Da Capo Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-7867-4989-8.
  44. "Jazz Organ History". Afana.org. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  45. McPherson, Douglas. "Key People". Keyboard Magazine. No. 266. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  46. Faragher 2011, p. 221.
  47. Faragher 2011, p. 223.
  48. "Songwriters Hall Of Fame - Felix Cavaliere". Songwriters Hall Of Fame (official website). Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  49. "Bill Champlin | Hammond USA".
  50. "About Bill | BillChamplin.com". website.
  51. "Elbertina "Twinkie" Clark". The Clark Sisters (official website). Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  52. "The Charlatans singer Tim Burgess tells all in new book". BBC News. BBC. 25 April 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  53. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 288.
  54. "Jazz Times". May 1998: 91. Retrieved 30 June 2014. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  55. Stump, Paul (2000). Go Ahead John: The Music of John McLaughlin. SAF Publishing Ltd. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-946719-24-2.
  56. Faragher 2011, p. 230.
  57. Faragher 2011, p. 232.
  58. Faragher 2011, p. 235.
  59. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 317.
  60. Harris, Craig. "Wild Bill Davis – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  61. Faragher 2011, pp. 242–245.
  62. Huey, Steve. "Joey DeFrancesco : Artist Biography". Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  63. Faragher 2011, p. 249.
  64. Enstice & Stockhouse 2004, pp. 96–110.
  65. Goldberg, Marv (1998). More Than Words Can Say: The Ink Spots and Their Music. Scarecrow Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-461-66972-2.
  66. Masouri, Jon (2010). Wailing Blues – The Story of Bob Marley's Wailers. Music Sales Group. p. 596. ISBN 978-0-85712-035-9.
  67. Faragher 2011, p. 260.
  68. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 363.
  69. Cateforis, Theo (2011). Are We Not New Wave?: Modern Pop at the Turn of the 1980s. University of Michigan Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-472-03470-3.
  70. Nollen, Scott Allen (2002). Jethro Tull: A History of the Band, 1968–2001. McFarland. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-7864-1101-6.
  71. Faragher 2011, p. 263.
  72. Williams, Richard (21 April 2008). "Obituary : Danny Federici". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  73. Faragher 2011, p. 266.
  74. "The Blockheads – Mick Gallagher". The Blockheads (official website). Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  75. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 479.
  76. Radcliffe, Mark (2012). Showbusiness – The Diary of a Rock 'n' Roll Nobody. Hachette UK. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-4447-5556-5.
  77. Romano, Will (2010). Mountains Come Out of the Sky: The Illustrated History of Prog Rock. Backbeat Books. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-61713-375-6.
  78. Gary Geldeart, Steve Rodham (2008). Jimi Hendrix – from the Benjamin Franklin Studios 3rd Edition Part 1: The Complete Guide to the Recorded Work of Jimi Hendrix. Jimpress. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-952-76865-4.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  79. Ramsey, Doug (10 October 2012). "The Atsuko Hashimoto Sets". Rifftides. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
  80. Marsh, Peter (22 July 2014). "Decoy & Joe McPhee – Spontaneous Combustion Review". BBC Music. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  81. "Soul icon Isaac Hayes dies at 65". BBC News. 11 August 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  82. Easlea, Daryl (2009). "Hot Buttered Soul Review". BBC Music. BBC. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  83. "Cory Henry – The Revival". Jazz Views. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  84. "Ken Hensley – credits". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  85. Faragher 2011, p. 277.
  86. Liebman, Roy (2008). Musical groups in the movies, 1929–1970. McFarland. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-7864-3484-8.
  87. "Chris Holland – Credits". Allmusic. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  88. "BBC Radio – Programmes : Jazz & Blues". BBC. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  89. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, pp. 610–612.
  90. "Transitions Organ Duo". Unit Records. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  91. Faragher 2011, p. 283.
  92. Faragher 2011, p. 214.
  93. Encyclopedia of African American Music. ABC-CLIO. 2010. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-313-34199-1.
  94. Bowman, Rob (1997). Soulsville, U.S.A.: The Story of Stax Records. Music Sales Group. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-8256-7284-2.
  95. "Blues Master Melvyn 'Deacon' Jones Dead At Age 73". 8 July 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  96. "Blues legend from Richmond dies in California". Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  97. Hoskyns, Barney (2012). Led Zeppelin: The Oral History of the World's Greatest Rock Band. John Wiley & Sons. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-118-22111-2.
  98. "War Stories by Lonnie Jordan". Barnes and Noble.
  99. Welch 2009, p. 65.
  100. Welch 2009, p. 188.
  101. "Al Kooper – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  102. Faragher 2011, p. 291.
  103. Faragher 2011, p. 295.
  104. "Robert Lamm Interview – (Contemporary Keyboard '79)". www.chicagohome.de. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  105. Faragher 2011, p. 296.
  106. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 762.
  107. "Ron Levy – Music biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  108. "Eddy Louiss, French Jazz Organist, Dead at 74". Billboard. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  109. Botnick, Bruce (2007). L.A. Woman (booklet). Rhino Records. R2-101155.
  110. "Hank Marr biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  111. Faragher 2011, p. 311.
  112. Faragher 2011, p. 306.
  113. "Page McConnell biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  114. "Hammond B3 organ". Page McConnell (official site). 23 February 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  115. Vail 2002, p. 168.
  116. Mason, S. Allmusic Review, 16 January 2013
  117. "Jack McDuff – biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  118. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 831.
  119. "Jimmy McGriff – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  120. Faragher 2011, p. 315.
  121. Scully, Rock; Dalton, David (1996). Living with the Dead: Twenty Years on the Bus with Garcia and the Grateful Dead. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 150–151. ISBN 978-0-8154-1163-5.
  122. "Ian McLagan biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  123. Bonanno, Massimo (2013). The Rolling Stones: the first 50 years. LA CASE Books. p. 118. ISBN 978-88-97526-88-9.
  124. Vail 2002, p. 18.
  125. "John Medeski – biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  126. Faragher 2011, p. 317.
  127. "Lee Michaels – biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  128. "CMJ New Music Monthly" (28). CMJ Network, Inc. December 1995: 64. ISSN 1074-6978. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  129. Talevski, Nick (2010). Rock Obituaries – Knocking On Heaven's Door. Omnibus Press. p. 454. ISBN 978-0-85712-117-2.
  130. Jackson, Blair (2000). Garcia: An American Life. pp. 304–305. ISBN 978-0-14-029199-5.
  131. BY  JON REGEN (8 May 2012). "Ambrosia's "Biggest Part of Me"". KeyboardMag. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  132. "Spooner Oldham : Songwriter Interviews". www.songfacts.com. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  133. Lewis, Randy. "First impression: Keith Richards' 'Crosseyed Heart' solo album". latimes.com. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  134. Tubular Bells (Media notes). Virgin Records. 1973. V2001.
  135. Tubular Bells II (Media notes). WEA. 1992. 4509906182.
  136. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 986.
  137. "Don Patterson – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  138. Faragher 2011, p. 324.
  139. "Sonny Phillips – Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  140. "Keyboard hero Billy Preston dies". BBC News. BBC. 7 June 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  141. Everett, Walter (1999). The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver Through the Anthology. Oxford University Press. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-19-512941-0.
  142. "Alan Price – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  143. Faragher 2011, p. 326.
  144. The Canadian Press (29 August 2007). "Dr. Music, Doug Riley, dies at 62". Charlottetown Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
  145. Forbes=Roberts, Ron (2006). One Long Tune: The Life and Music of Lenny Breau. University of North Texas Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-57441-230-7.
  146. "Billy Ritchie – credits". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  147. Sounds of Rebellion: Music in the 1960s. Britannica Educational Publishing. 2012. ISBN 978-1-61530-913-9.
  148. Faragher 2011, p. 338.
  149. "Merl Saunders – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  150. "Rhoda Scott – credits". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  151. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 1128.
  152. Enstice & Stockhouse 2004, pp. 287–288.
  153. "Paul Shaffer – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  154. "Paul Shaffer's Letterman keyboard rig". Keyboard Magazine. 16 December 2009. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  155. Buckley, P. (ed) (2003), The Rough Guide to Rock, Rough Guides, p.171.
  156. In The Land of Grey and Pink (Media notes). Deram. 1971. UICY-9058.
  157. Irvin, Jim, ed. (2007). The Mojo Collection: The Ultimate Music Companion. Canongate Books. p. 234. ISBN 978-1-841-95973-3.
  158. "Social Security Death Index : Ethel Smith". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  159. "Ethel Smith". Toledo Blade. 20 May 1996. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  160. Speed, Burgess; Anderson, Eleanor; Metcalf, Steve (2004). Leroy Anderson: A Bio-bibliography. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-313-32176-4.
  161. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 1173.
  162. "Johnny "Hammond" Smith – biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  163. "Artists & Music". Billboard. 9 August 1997. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  164. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 1174.
  165. "Dr Lonnie Smith – biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  166. Faragher 2011, p. 372.
  167. Bloom, Lee. "Bruford – Gradually Going Tornado". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  168. "James Taylor Quartet". AllMusic. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  169. "Earl Van Dyke – Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  170. Carson, David (2006). Grit, Noise, and Revolution: The Birth of Detroit Rock 'n' Roll. University of Michigan Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-472-03190-0.
  171. Fowles, Paul; Wade, Graham (2012). Concise History of Rock Music. Mel Bay Publications. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-61911-016-8.
  172. "Thijs van Leer" (in Dutch). Turning Wheel. January 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2014. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  173. Randall, David (2002). In and Out of Focus. SAF Publishing Ltd. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-946719-44-0.
  174. "Cherry Wainer – obituary". 30 November 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2018 via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  175. Faragher 2011, p. 374.
  176. "Fats Waller – Music Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  177. Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 1296.
  178. "Mr. Power of Hammond Sound". Stadt Magazin (in German) (55). October 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  179. Faragher 2011, p. 381.
  180. Mason, Nick (2004). Inside Out: A Personal History of Pink Floyd (New ed.). Widenfeld & Nicolson. p. 130. ISBN 0-297-84387-7.
  181. Bradley, Lloyd (2000). Bass Culture: When Reggae Was King. p. 226. ISBN 9780141928173. Harry J, who was there at the beginning with the Beltones, stuck with it to build a sound around the keyboard skills of Winston Wright and Winston Blake (aka Blake Boy) for a string of bubbling instrumentals by Harry J All-Stars or the Jay Boys ..."
  182. Faragher 2011, p. 385.
Bibliography
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.