Billy Preston

William Everett Preston (September 2, 1946 – June 6, 2006)[2] was an American musician whose work encompassed R&B, rock, soul, funk, and gospel. Preston was a top session keyboardist in the 1960s, during which he backed artists such as Little Richard, Sam Cooke, Ray Charles, Everly Brothers, Reverend James Cleveland,[3] and the Beatles. He went on to achieve fame as a solo artist with hit singles such as "That's the Way God Planned It", the Grammy-winning "Outa-Space", "Will It Go Round in Circles", "Space Race", "Nothing from Nothing", and "With You I'm Born Again". Additionally, Preston co-wrote "You Are So Beautiful", which became a #5 hit for Joe Cocker.

For the American basketball player, see Billy Preston (basketball).

Billy Preston
Preston at the Oval Office in 1974
Background information
Birth nameWilliam Everett Preston
Born(1946-09-02)September 2, 1946[1]
Houston, Texas, U.S.
OriginLos Angeles, California, U.S.
DiedJune 6, 2006(2006-06-06) (aged 59)
Scottsdale, Arizona, U.S.
GenresR&B, rock, soul, funk, gospel
Occupation(s)
  • Musician
  • songwriter
  • producer
InstrumentsVocals, keyboards
Years active1956–2005
LabelsDerby, Vee-Jay, Capitol, Apple, Buddah, A&M, Motown
Associated actsLittle Richard, Sam Cooke, Ray Charles, The Beatles, Sly and the Family Stone, George Harrison, the Rolling Stones, Syreeta, Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band, Eric Clapton, John Lennon
Websitebillypreston.net

Preston was one of five musicians credited on a Beatles recording other than the group's four members. Preston continued to record and perform with other artists, notably George Harrison after the Beatles' breakup, and Eric Clapton, and he played keyboards for the Rolling Stones on many of the group's albums and tours during the 1970s.

Life and career

Early life

Preston was born September 2, 1946, in Houston[4] and moved to Los Angeles as a child with his mother, Robbie Lee Williams. Noted as a child prodigy, Preston was entirely self-taught and never had a music lesson. By the age of ten, he was playing organ onstage backing several gospel singers such as Mahalia Jackson.[2] At 11, Preston appeared on an episode of Nat King Cole's NBC TV show singing the Fats Domino hit "Blueberry Hill" with Cole.[5] He also appeared in St. Louis Blues, the 1958 W. C. Handy biopic starring Nat King Cole; Preston played Handy at a younger age.[2]

In 1962, Preston joined Little Richard's band as an organist, and it was while performing in Hamburg that he met the Beatles.[2] In 1963, he played the organ on Sam Cooke's Night Beat album and released his own debut album, 16 Yr. Old Soul, for Cooke's SAR label.[6] In 1965, he released the album The Most Exciting Organ Ever and performed on the rock and roll show Shindig! In 1967, he joined Ray Charles' band.[4] Following this exposure, several musicians began asking Preston to contribute to their sessions.[2]

Relationship with the Beatles

Preston first met the Beatles as a 16-year-old in 1962, while part of Little Richard's touring band, when their manager Brian Epstein organized a Liverpool show, at which the Beatles opened. The Washington Post explained their subsequent meeting:

They'd hook up again in 1969, when the Beatles were about to break up while recording the last album they released, Let It Be (they would later record Abbey Road, which was released prior to Let It Be). George Harrison, a friend of Preston, had quit, walked out of the studio and gone to a Ray Charles concert in London, where Preston was playing organ. Harrison brought Preston back to the studio, where his keen musicianship and gregarious personality temporarily calmed the tension.[7]

Preston is one of several people referred to as the "Fifth Beatle". At one point during the Get Back sessions, John Lennon proposed the idea of having him join the band (to which Paul McCartney countered that it was difficult enough reaching agreements with four).[8] Preston played organ and electric piano for the Beatles during several of the Get Back sessions; some of these sessions appeared in the film Let It Be and on its companion album. Preston also accompanied the band on electric piano for its rooftop concert, the group's final public appearance.[7] In April 1969, their single "Get Back" was credited to "The Beatles with Billy Preston", the only time such a joint credit had been given on an official Beatles-sanctioned release (as distinct from an unsanctioned reissue of some Hamburg-era recordings on which they were the backing group for Tony Sheridan). The credit was bestowed by the Beatles to reflect the extent of Preston's presence on the track; his electric piano is prominent throughout and he plays an extended solo. Preston also worked, in a more limited role, on the Abbey Road album, contributing organ to the tracks "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" and "Something".

In 1978, he appeared as Sgt. Pepper in Robert Stigwood's film Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, which was based on the Beatles' album of the same name, and sang and danced to "Get Back" as the penultimate song.[9]

Post-Beatles solo career
Preston singing at the piano in 1971

Signed to the Beatles' Apple label, in 1969, Preston released the album That's the Way God Planned It, produced by Harrison, the title song from which was a hit single in Britain. His relationship with Harrison continued after the Beatles' break-up in 1970; Preston was the first artist to record Harrison's subsequent international hit "My Sweet Lord", on his 1970 album Encouraging Words, which Harrison co-produced with him. He appeared on several of Harrison's 1970s solo albums, starting with All Things Must Pass; made a notable contribution to the Concert for Bangladesh, the Harrison-organized 1971 charity benefit; performed with the ex-Beatle on his 1974 tour of North America; and played at the 2002 Concert for George tribute, held at London's Royal Albert Hall. Preston also worked on solo releases by Lennon and Ringo Starr.

In 1971, Preston left Apple and signed with Herb Alpert's A&M Records. The previous year, he contributed to another hit single when Stephen Stills asked to use Preston's phrase "if you can't be with the one you love, love the one you're with", a song on Stills' self-titled debut solo album.[10]

Following the release of I Wrote a Simple Song on A&M, Preston's solo career peaked at this time, beginning with 1972's "Outa-Space", an instrumental track that further popularized the sound of the clavinet in funk music. The song reached number 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and topped Billboard's R&B chart, before going on to win the Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance. "Outa-Space" sold over 1 million copies in America, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA in June 1972.[11] Later that year, Preston contributed the title song to the hit blaxploitation film Slaughter starring Jim Brown.[12]

Over the next two years, Preston followed up with the US chart-topping singles "Will It Go Round in Circles" (which displaced Harrison's "Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth)" at the top on 7 July 1973) and "Nothing from Nothing", and the number 4 hit "Space Race". Each of the three singles sold in excess of 1 million copies.[11] American Bandstand host and executive producer Dick Clark enjoyed "Space Race" so much that he used the instrumental for the mid-show break for virtually the remainder of its run.

Preston (seated behind grand piano in foreground) performing with the Rolling Stones in 1975

From 1970, Preston played keyboards (including piano, organ, clavinet and various synthesizers) for the Rolling Stones, sometimes alongside pianists Nicky Hopkins and Ian Stewart, on their albums Sticky Fingers, Exile on Main St., Goats Head Soup, It's Only Rock 'n Roll and Black and Blue. As the band's primary touring keyboardist from 1973 to 1977, he also performed as a support act with his own band (including Mick Taylor on guitar) on their 1973 European tour. A Munich performance from this tour was documented on Preston's album Live European Tour 1973. In 1974, along with Bruce Fisher, one of his regular songwriting collaborators in the 1970s, he composed one of Joe Cocker's biggest hits, "You Are So Beautiful". On October 11, 1975, he was the first musical guest on Saturday Night Live's series premiere episode.[2] Preston's 1973 song "Do You Love Me" was the basis for the Rolling Stones' track "Melody", released on Black and Blue in 1976. Although two of his songs were included in the band's 1975 and 1976 live sets, the Stones and Preston parted company in 1977, mainly due to a disagreement over money. He continued to play on solo records by Stones members like Mick Jagger's Wandering Spirit, and made appearances on the band's Tattoo You and Bridges to Babylon.

After seven years with A&M, he signed with Motown. In 1979, he duetted with Syreeta Wright on the ballad "With You I'm Born Again",[2] which reached number 4 on the charts in the US. Preston's career lost momentum in the 1980s due to his cocaine and alcohol addictions. He left Motown in 1984 and focused on session work, contributing to works by artists such as Luther Vandross (his organ solos were included on Vandross' 1985 hit "Til My Baby Comes Home"), Whitney Houston and Patti LaBelle, among others. He served as musical director for Nightlife, a late-night talk show hosted by David Brenner that lasted one season from 1986 to 1987.[13]

Preston toured with Eric Clapton, recorded with Gary Walker, one of the vocalists in his Los Angeles-based band, and worked with a wide range of other artists. He also toured with Ringo Starr, appearing on his 1990 live album. He was invited to become a member of The Band in 1991, after the death of piano player Stan Szelest. He performed on tour with the group,[14] but the sentencing from his cocaine and sexual assault charges in 1991 ended the collaboration.

Later work

In 1997, Billy Preston recorded the album You and I, in Italy, with Italian band Novecento. The album was produced by Vaughn De Spenza and Novecento members Lino and Pino Nicolosi.[15] In 1998, Preston played organ during the choir numbers on the UPN comedy show Good News. The same year he sang and played synthesizer in the film Blues Brothers 2000, as part of the Louisiana Gator Boys supergroup.

On November 29, 2001, while touring and fighting his own health problems, Preston received the news that George Harrison had died, having long suffered from throat cancer. Preston, among many of Harrison's longtime friends, performed in the 2002 Concert for George at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Preston's performance of "My Sweet Lord" received critical acclaim. Additionally, he sang "Isn't It a Pity", provided backing vocals on most of the other songs, and played the Hammond organ for the show.

In 2002, Preston appeared on the Johnny Cash album American IV: The Man Comes Around, playing piano on "Personal Jesus" and "Tear-Stained Letter".

In 2004, Preston toured with the Funk Brothers and Steve Winwood in Europe, and then with Clapton in Europe and North America. After the Clapton tours, he went to France, where he was featured in one episode of the Legends Rock TV Show.[16] His performance included a duet with Sam Moore on "You Are So Beautiful"; this was Preston's last filmed concert.

In 2004, Preston performed as a jazz organist on Ray Charles' Genius Loves Company, an album of duets, on the song "Here We Go Again" with Charles and Norah Jones.

In March 2005, he appeared on the American Idol fourth-season finale. Playing piano, he performed "With You I'm Born Again" with Vonzell Solomon (who finished the contest in third place). The same year, he recorded "Go Where No One's Gone Before", the main title song for the anime series L/R: Licensed by Royalty.

Preston played clavinet on the song "Warlocks" for the Red Hot Chili Peppers album Stadium Arcadium (2006). Although very ill by this point, he jumped out of his bed after hearing a tape of the song given to him by the band, recorded his part, and went back to bed.[17] Preston's final recorded contributions were the gospel-tinged organ on the Neil Diamond album 12 Songs (2005), and his keyboard work on The Road to Escondido (2006) by Eric Clapton and J. J. Cale.

In late 2005, Preston made his last public performance, in Los Angeles, to publicize the re-release of the 1972 documentary film The Concert for Bangladesh. He played a set of three Harrison songs—"Give Me Love", "My Sweet Lord" and "Isn't It a Pity"—with Dhani Harrison and Starr joining on guitar and drums, respectively, for the last song.

Personal life

Preston lived in London for a time,[18] possibly around 1969–1971, but he moved back to the United States sometime in the early 1970s.

Religion

Preston was brought up in the African-American gospel tradition; he was a committed Christian throughout his life and he openly expressed his faith in works such as his 1970s hit "That's the Way God Planned It". However, his personal beliefs were sometimes at odds with the attitudes and musical expressions of the secular world of rock & roll in which he often worked; while he was apparently willing to put his religious views aside when working on tracks like John Lennon's openly atheistic song "God". Preston was also deeply attached to his mother, for whom he wrote the song that became his best-known composition, "You Are So Beautiful".[19]

Sexuality

Although the details did not become fully known to the general public until after his death, Preston struggled throughout his life to cope with his homosexuality, and the lasting effects of the traumatic sexual abuse he suffered as a boy. Although his sexual orientation became known to friends and associates in the music world (such as Keith Richards), Preston did not publicly come out as gay until just before he died, partly because he felt that it conflicted with his deeply held religious beliefs and his lifelong association with the church. He was in the closet until shortly before his death. In his autobiography, Life, Keith Richards mentioned Preston's struggles with his homosexuality.[20][21][22]

In an interview for a 2010 BBC Radio 4 documentary on his life and career, Preston's manager Joyce Moore revealed that after she began handling his affairs, Preston opened up to her about the lifelong trauma he had suffered as the result of being sexually abused as a child. Preston told Moore that at about the age of nine, after he and his mother moved to Los Angeles from Houston to perform in a touring production of Amos 'n' Andy, he was repeatedly abused by the touring company's pianist. When Preston told his mother about the abuse, she did not believe him, and failed to protect him.[19] The abuse went on for the entire summer, and Preston was also later abused by a local pastor.

Another traumatic incident, which reportedly affected Preston deeply, occurred in the early 1970s, while he was engaged to actress/model Kathy Silva. At this time Preston had become close friends with musician Sly Stone, and made many contributions to Stone's recordings of the period (including the landmark album There's a Riot Goin' On). According to Moore, Preston was devastated when he came home one day to find Stone in bed with Silva (who later famously married Stone on stage at Madison Square Garden). According to Moore, Silva's affair with Stone was the trigger that led Preston to stop having relationships with women. It was after this incident that he began abusing cocaine and having sex with men, and Moore has stated that she saw his drug abuse as his way of coping with the internal conflicts he felt about his sexual urges.[19][23]

In 1991, Preston checked into a drug rehabilitation program to treat his addictions.[24]

While on probation for a drunk driving conviction in August 1991,[25] Preston was arrested for sexually assaulting a 16-year-old Mexican boy, after picking him up at a gathering point for day laborers.[26] The boy told authorities that Preston took him to his Malibu home, smoked cocaine, showed him pornographic pictures and tried to assault him before he escaped.[27] Preston was also charged with assault with a deadly weapon involving a man he picked up to do work at his home, the day before his arrest in the case involving the boy.[27] After submitting to a drug test, Preston tested positive for cocaine. He entered no-contest pleas to the cocaine and assault charges. The sex charges which included misdemeanor charges of child molestation and exhibiting pornographic material to a minor were dismissed.[27] He was sentenced to nine months at a drug rehabilitation center and three months of house arrest.[2]

In 1992, Preston was sentenced to 30 days in jail for violating his probation on a drunk driving conviction.[25]

In 1997, Preston was sentenced to three years in a California prison for cocaine possession in violation of his probation.[2][28] He had been placed on three years' probation earlier that year after testing positive for cocaine use; under the terms he agreed to spend 90 days in jail and to remain drug-free.[29]

While in prison in 1998, Preston was indicted for a $1 million insurance fraud scheme after setting fire to his own house in Los Angeles.[2][30] He pleaded guilty and agreed to testify against other defendants involved in the scam.[31] His plea called for five years of probation, one year in jail, and $60,000 in restitution. The probation and jail time ran concurrent with his cocaine possession conviction.[31]

Death

Preston had suffered kidney disease in his later years, brought on by his hypertension. He received a kidney transplant in 2002, but his health continued to deteriorate. He had voluntarily entered a drug rehabilitation clinic in Malibu, California, at the suggestion of guitarist Is'real Benton, and suffered pericarditis there, leading to respiratory failure that left him in a coma from November 21, 2005.[1] Preston died on June 6, 2006, in Scottsdale, Arizona.[2]

Legacy

Miles Davis' 1974 album Get Up with It features a track called "Billy Preston" in his honor. Ringo Starr, speaking during the rehearsals for the Concert for George in 2002, called Preston one of the greatest Hammond players of all time.

His song "Nothing from Nothing" was featured on the soundtracks of 2003's Elf and 2008's Be Kind Rewind.

In his introduction to the 2010 BBC Radio program Billy Preston: That's the Way God Planned It, former Yes keyboardist Rick Wakeman said of Preston: "Every keyboard player I know loves Billy Preston. You can spot his playing a mile off, whether it's the Hammond organ, the Fender Rhodes or the piano. He had such a spiritual touch to his technique, it made him completely unique."[32]

On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Billy Preston among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.[33]

Awards and nominations

Preston was nominated for nine Grammy Awards and won two. He won a Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance for "Outa-Space" at the 15th Annual Grammy Awards in 1973. He also won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year for his participation in the album The Concert For Bangla Desh at the same ceremony.[34]

Discography

Studio albums
YearAlbum TitleRecord LabelNotes
196316 Yr. Old SoulDerby RecordsRecorded for Sam Cooke's SAR label (Derby was its sister imprint) while Preston was still at high school in Los Angeles. Re-released in the UK in 1969 by Soul City Records as Greazee Soul.
1965The Most Exciting Organ EverVee-Jay RecordsFully instrumental
Early Hits of '65Exodus RecordsRecorded in the same sessions as The Most Exciting Organ Ever
1966Wildest Organ in Town!Capitol RecordsArranged by Sly Stone. Re-released in 1970 with different packaging and track order by Pickwick Records as Organ Transplant.
1967Club MeetingCapitol RecordsA continuation of Wildest Organ in Town!
1969That's the Way God Planned ItApple RecordsDebut album on Apple, and featuring the European hit "That's the Way God Planned It"; guests include George Harrison, Eric Clapton and Keith Richards
1970Encouraging WordsApple RecordsFeaturing the first recording of Harrison's "My Sweet Lord"; guests include George Harrison, Eric Clapton, Ringo Starr and Delaney Bramlett
1971I Wrote a Simple SongA&M RecordsDebut album for A&M, includes the hit "Outa-Space" and features contributions from Quincy Jones and George Harrison
1972Music Is My LifeA&M RecordsIncludes the hit "Will It Go Round in Circles"
1973Everybody Likes Some Kind of MusicA&M RecordsIncludes the hit "Space Race"
1974The Kids & MeA&M RecordsIncludes the hit "Nothing from Nothing" and the future hit for Joe Cocker, "You Are So Beautiful"
1975It's My PleasureA&M RecordsIncorporates synthesizers more heavily than previous Preston album, features harmonica by Stevie Wonder on two tracks and a guest appearance from George Harrison
1976Billy PrestonA&M RecordsGuests include Jeff Beck and the Tower of Power horns
Billy's BagA&M RecordsCompilation album; includes the title track, own compositions and standards
1977A Whole New ThingA&M RecordsFinal album for A&M
1979Late at NightMotown RecordsIncludes the hit duet with Syreeta Wright, "With You I'm Born Again"
1981Billy Preston & SyreetaMotown RecordsAlbum features duets
The Way I AmMotown RecordsGuests include members of Toto
1982Pressin' OnMotown RecordsFinal album for Motown Records
1984On the AirMegatone RecordsAlbum features a Beatles tribute
1986You Can't Keep a Good Man DownD&K Records

D&K 86005

1995Billy's BackNuGroove Records733514051526
1997You and ICrislerFeaturing the Italian band Novecento

Studio EP
YearAlbum TitleRecord LabelNotes
2004Billy Preston's Beatles SaluteiFanz RecordsThis 4-song EP includes "Sgt. Pepper", "I'm Looking Through You", "Give Me Love", and "Here, There and Everywhere".

Live album

Gospel albums
  • 1965: Hymns Speak From the Organ (Vee Jay Records, VJLP-5083; 1966 reissue: Exodus Records, EX-53)
  • 1973: Gospel in My Soul (Peacock Records, PLP-179; reissue of Hymns Speak From the Organ)
  • 1978: Behold! (Myrrh Records, MYR-1070)
  • 1980: Universal Love (Myrrh Records, MYR-1080; MSB-6607)
  • 1985: Ministry of Music (King James, KJ-8502; D&K Records, D&K 86003)
  • 1996: Words and Music
  • 2001: Music From My Heart (MCG Records, MCG-7026)

Charted albums
Year Album Peak chart positions Record label
US
[35]		 US
R&B
[35]		 CAN
[36]
1965 The Most Exciting Organ Ever 143 5 — Vee-Jay
1966 Wildest Organ in Town! 118 9 — Capitol
1969 That's the Way God Planned It 127 — — Apple
1970 Encouraging Words — 50 —
1971 I Wrote a Simple Song 32 9 — A&M
1972 Music Is My Life 32 7 31
1973 Everybody Likes Some Kind of Music 52 3 76
1974 The Kids & Me 17 8 21
1975 It's My Pleasure 43 18 20
1977 A Whole New Thing — 49 —
1979 Late at Night 49 73 — Motown
1981 Billy Preston & Syreeta 127 48 —
"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.

Singles

Source:[37]

Year Title Peak chart positions Certifications Album
US
[35]		 US R&B
[35]		 US A/C
[35]		 AUS
[38]		 CAN
[36]		 UK
[39]
1961 "Volcano" — — — — — — N/A
1963 "Greazee" — — — — — — 16 Yr. Old Soul
"Billy's Bag" — — — — — — N/A
1966 "The Girl's Got "It"" — — — — — —
"In the Midnight Hour" — — — — — — Wildest Organ in Town!
"Sunny" — — — — — — Club Meetin'
"Can't She Tell" — — — — — — N/A
1968 "Hey Brother" — — — — — — That's the Way God Planned It
"The Split" — — — — — — The Split
1969 "Get Back" (with the Beatles) 1 — — 1 1 1 Let It Be
"Don't Let Me Down" (with the Beatles) 35 — — — — — N/A
"That's the Way God Planned It" 62 — — 22 61 11 That's the Way God Planned It
"Everything's Alright" — — — 76 — —
1970 "All That I've Got (I'm Gonna Give It to You)" 108 — — — — — N/A
1971 "My Sweet Lord" 90 23 — — — — Encouraging Words
1972 "I Wrote a Simple Song" 77 — — — — — I Wrote a Simple Song
"The Bus" — 43 — — — —
"Outa-Space" 2 1 23 — 13 44
"That's the Way God Planned It" (re-release) 65 — — — — — That's the Way God Planned It
"Slaughter (Theme from Slaughter)" 50 17 — — 63 — Slaughter
1973 "Will It Go Round in Circles" 1 10 — 99 1 — Music Is My Life
"Space Race" 4 1 34 — 6 — Everybody Likes Some Kind of Music
1974 "You're So Unique" 48 11 — — 42 —
"Nothing from Nothing" 1 8 15 60 5 — The Kids & Me
"Struttin'" 22 11 — — 24 —
1975 "Fancy Lady" 71 23 — — 83 — It's My Pleasure
"Do It While You Can" — 58 — — — —
1977 "I've Got the Spirit" — 48 — — — — Billy Preston
"Do What You Want" — — — — —
"Girl" — 44 — — — —
"Wide Stride" — 33 — — — — A Whole New Thing
1978 "I'm Really Gonna Miss You" — 59 — — — —
"Get Back" 86 — — — — — Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
1979 "Go for It" (with Syreeta) 108 — — — — — Fast Break
"It Will Come in Time" (with Syreeta) — — — — — 47 Late at Night
"With You I'm Born Again" (with Syreeta) 4 86 2 21 9 2
1980 "One More Time for Love" (with Syreeta) 52 72 — — — — Syreeta
"Please Stay" (with Syreeta) — — — — — —
1981 "Hope" — — — — — — The Way I Am
"A Change Is Gonna Come" — — — — — —
"Searchin'" (with Syreeta) 106 — — — — — Billy Preston & Syreeta
"Just for You (Put the Boogie in Your Body)" (with Syreeta) — — — — — —
1982 "I'm Never Gonna Say Goodbye" 88 64 38 — — — Pressin' On
1984 "And Dance" / "Kick-It" — — — — — — On the Air
1986 "Since I Held You Close" — — — — — — N/A
"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.

As a guest/session performer

References

Citations

  1. Pareles, Jon (June 7, 2006). "Billy Preston, 59, Soul Musician, Is Dead; Renowned Keyboardist and Collaborator". The New York Times. Retrieved June 28, 2008. Billy Preston, the splashy gospel-rooted keyboardist whose career included No. 1 solo hits and work with the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, died yesterday in Scottsdale, Ariz. He was 59.
  2. "Billy Preston, 59, Soul Musician, Is Dead; Renowned Keyboardist and Collaborator". The New York Times. June 7, 2006. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  3. McNeil, W. K. (April 13, 2005). Encyclopedia of American Gospel Music. Psychology Press. p. 84. ISBN 9780415941792 – via Google Books.
  4. Womack 2014, p. 741.
  5. "billy preston blueberry hill - Bing video". Bing.com. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
  6. "Billy Preston's 16-Year-Old Soul to be Digitally re-re-released on February 22, 2011". The Urban Music Scene. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013. "16 Year Old Soul is an album of percolating organ-infused instrumentals that offers insight into the roots of one of the music world's most innovative and genre-busting stars who died at the age of 59, in 2006. With songs covering a broad spectrum of styles from country ('Born to Loose') to R&B ('Good News') to jazz ('God Bless The Child') with pop and blues undertones aplenty, 16 Year Old Soul is a preserved-in-amber glimpse of an artist whose musical maturity belied his years."
  7. Harrington, Richard (June 8, 2006). "'Fifth Beatle' Billy Preston Made the Greats Even Greater". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
  8. The Beatles - A/B Road: The Complete Get back Sessions, January 24th
  9. Maslin, Janet. "Screen: Son of 'Sgt. Pepper':Many Forms Involved".
  10. "Song Stories: Love The One You're With". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
  11. Murrells, Joseph (1978). The Book of Golden Discs (2nd ed.). London: Barrie and Jenkins. pp. 319, 334, and 349. ISBN 0-214-20512-6.
  12. Tobler, John (2011). I Wrote a Simple Song/Music Is My Life (CD booklet). Billy Preston. BGO Records. pp. 4, 6.
  13. Chase, Donald (September 7, 1986). "He's On His Own In Late-night TV". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  14. Gehman, Geoff (July 20, 1991). "Billy Preston Makes The Band Born Again". The Morning Call. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
  15. "Collaborations - Novecento and Billy Preston". Web.tiscali.it. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  16. "Guest Artist of the Legends Rock TV Show". Legends-rock.com. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  17. "Red Hot Chili Peppers - Peppers Get Sick Preston Out Of Bed". Contactmusic.com. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  18. "SoulMusic.com". Soulmusic.info. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
  19. Billy Preston: That's The Way God Planned It, BBC Radio 4, December 21, 2010.
  20. Richards, Keith (2010). Life. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85439-5. And he was gay at a time when nobody could be openly gay, which added difficulties to his life. Billy could be, most of time, a bundle of fun. but sometimes he would get on the rag. I had to stop him from beating up his boyfriend in an elevator once.
  21. "Gay Singers". Unsung. TV One. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved March 15, 2012.
  22. Fisher, Bruce (July 25, 2011). "Billy Preston". Unsung. TV One.
  23. Press, Houston (March 11, 2015). "The Bitter Battle Over "Fifth Beatle" Billy Preston's Estate". Houston Press.
  24. "Singer Billy Preston To Seek Drug Treatment". Jet. Vol. 80 no. 25. Johnson Publishing Company. October 7, 1991. p. 65.
  25. "Billy Preston Sentenced To 30 Days In Jail". Jet. Vol. 82 no. 25. Johnson Publishing Company. October 12, 1992. p. 28.
  26. Boyer, Edward J. (August 19, 1991). "Singer Billy Preston Arrested in Sex Case". Los Angeles Times.
  27. "Musician Billy Preston Pleads No Contest to Assault and Drug Charges". Associated Press. September 4, 1992.
  28. MTV News Staff (November 5, 1997). "News Flash: Billy Preston Jailed After Cocaine Arrest". MTV News.
  29. "Billy Preston Sentenced To Three Years In Prison For Violating Porbation On Cocaine Possession". Jet. Vol. 93 no. 1. Johnson Publishing Company. November 24, 1997. p. 62.
  30. "Billy Preston Indicted in Alleged Insurance Scam". Los Angeles Times. November 10, 1998.
  31. "Preston Pleads Guilty To Fraud". Associated Press. December 15, 1998.
  32. Wakeman, Rick (presenter); Wilson, John (producer) (2010). Billy Preston: That's the Way God Planned It (Radio 4 on Music documentary). BBC. Event occurs at 1:26–1:42.
  33. Rosen, Jody (June 25, 2019). "Here Are Hundreds More Artists Whose Tapes Were Destroyed in the UMG Fire". The New York Times. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
  34. "Billy Preston". Recording Academy Grammy Awards.
  35. "US Charts > Billy Preston". Billboard. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  36. "CAN Charts > Billy Preston". RPM. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  37. "Billy Preston Discography - USA - 45cat". www.45cat.com.
  38. David Kent (1993). Australian Charts Book 1970—1992. Australian Chart Book Pty Ltd, Turramurra, N.S.W. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  39. "UK Charts > Billy Preston". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  40. "US Certifications > The Beatles". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  41. "US Certifications > Billy Preston". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  42. "UK Certified Awards Search > Billy Preston". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  43. "Donnie - The Colored Section". Discogs.com. Retrieved October 28, 2017.

Sources

  • Womack, Kenneth (2014). The Beatles Encyclopedia: Everything Fab Four [2 volumes]: Everything Fab Four. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-39172-9.
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