List of Quercus species
The genus Quercus (oak) contains over 500 species,[1] some of which are listed here.
The genus, as is the case with many large genera, is divided into subgenera and sections, see Taxonomic ranks in botany.
Use of # in this list
Species with evergreen foliage ("live oaks") are tagged #. Note that the change from the deciduous to the evergreen term (or vice versa) has happened on numerous occasions in the genus Quercus, and does not necessarily indicate that the species concerned are closely related.
Subgenus Quercus
Section Quercus
The white oaks (synonym sect. Lepidobalanus or Leucobalanus). Europe, Asia, north Africa, North America. Styles short; acorns mature in 6 months, sweet or slightly bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless.
- Quercus ajoensis — Ajo Mountain shrub oak, Blue shrub oak — Arizona, New Mexico, Baja California
- Quercus alba — white oak — eastern and central North America
- Quercus aliena — Oriental white oak — eastern Asia
- Quercus arizonica — Arizona white oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
- Quercus austrina — bluff oak — southeastern North America
- Quercus × bebbiana — Bebb's oak — northeastern North America
- Quercus berberidifolia — California shrub oak — # California
- Quercus bicolor — swamp white oak — eastern and midwestern North America
- Quercus × bimundorum — two worlds oak
- Quercus boyntonii — Boynton's post oak — south central North America
- Quercus brandegeei — Brandegee oak- Baja California Sur
- Quercus carmenensis — Carmen oak — Coahuila and Texas
- Quercus chapmanii — Chapman oak — # southeastern North America
- Quercus chihuahuensis — Chihuahua oak — northern Mexico and Texas
- Quercus cornelius-mulleri — Muller oak — # southwestern North America
- Quercus conzattii — Mexico
- Quercus copeyensis — # Costa Rica, Panama
- Quercus dalechampii — southeastern Europe
- Quercus depressipes — Davis Mountain oak — northern Mexico and Texas
- Quercus deserticola — # Mexico
- Quercus diversifolia — Mexico
- Quercus douglasii — blue oak — California
- Quercus dumosa — coastal shrub oak — # southern California, Baja California, Arizona
- Quercus durata — leather oak — # California
- Quercus engelmannii — Engelmann oak — # southern California, Baja California
- Quercus fabrei — Faber's oak — central to southern China
- Quercus faginea — Portuguese oak — # southwestern Europe
- Quercus fulva — Mexico
- †Quercus furuhjelmi — Eocene to Miocene - Alaska, Kazhakstan
- Quercus fusiformis — Texas live oak or plateau live oak — # south central North America
- Quercus gambelii — Gambel oak — southwestern North America
- Quercus garryana — Oregon white oak or Garry oak — western North America
- Quercus geminata — sand live oak — # southeastern United States
- Quercus glaucoides — # Mexico
- Quercus greggii — # Mexico
- Quercus griffithii — southeast Asia
- Quercus grisea — gray oak — # southwestern North America
- Quercus hartwissiana — Strandzha oak — southeastern Bulgaria, northern Turkey, western Georgia, southwestern Russia
- Quercus havardii — Havard oak, shinnery oak, shin oak — south central North America
- †Quercus hiholensis — Miocene — # Washington State[2]
- Quercus hinckleyi — Hinckley oak — # Texas, northwestern Mexico
- Quercus hondurensis — Honduras oak — # Honduras
- Quercus insignis — Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama
- Quercus intricata — Coahuila scrub oak — # two isolated localities in west Texas, northern Mexico
- Quercus john-tuckeri — Tucker's oak — California
- Quercus laceyi — lacey oak — Edwards Plateau of Texas, northern Mexico
- Quercus laeta — Mexico
- Quercus lanata — woolly-leaved oak — # Himalayas, southeast Asia
- Quercus lancifolia — southwestern North America, Mexico, South America
- Quercus leucotrichophora — Banj oak, blackjack oak, grey oak — # Himalayas
- Quercus liebmannii — Mexico
- Quercus lobata — valley oak or California white oak — California
- Quercus lusitanica — gall oak or Lusitanian oak — Iberia, North Africa
- Quercus lyrata — overcup oak — eastern North America
- Quercus macrocarpa — bur oak — eastern and central North America
- Quercus margarettae — sand post oak — southeastern North America
- Quercus magnoliifolia — Mexico
- Quercus martinezii — # Mexico
- Quercus mohriana — Mohr oak — # southwestern North America
- Quercus montana — chestnut oak — eastern North America (= Quercus prinus)
- Quercus michauxii — swamp chestnut oak — eastern North America
- Quercus microphylla — Mexico
- Quercus minima — dwarf live oak — # southeastern North America
- Quercus mongolica — Mongolian oak — eastern Asia
- Quercus muehlenbergii — Chinkapin oak — eastern, central, and southwestern US (West Texas and New Mexico), northern Mexico
- Quercus oblongifolia — Arizona blue oak, Southwestern blue oak, or Mexican blue oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
- Quercus obtusata — Mexico
- Quercus oglethorpensis — Oglethorpe oak — southeastern North America
- Quercus oleoides — # from Costa Rica into Mexico
- Quercus oocarpa — Mexico
- Quercus pacifica — # Channel Islands, California
- Quercus peduncularis — # Central America
- Quercus petraea — sessile oak, durmast oak — Europe, Anatolia
- Quercus polymorpha — Monterrey oak, Mexican white oak — # Mexico and extreme S. Texas
- Quercus praeco — Mexico
- Quercus prinoides — dwarf chinkapin oak — eastern North America
- Quercus pubescens — downy oak — Europe, Anatolia
- Quercus pungens — Sandpaper oak or Pungens oak — southwestern U.S., Mexico
- Quercus robur — pedunculate oak, English oak or French oak — Europe, West Asia
- Quercus rugosa — netleaf oak or Rugosa oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
- Quercus sadleriana — deer oak — # southwestern Oregon, northern California
- Quercus sagraeana — Cuban oak — # western Cuba
- Quercus × schuettei — Schuette's oak — US, Canada
- Quercus sebifera — # Mexico
- Quercus serrata — Bao Li — # China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea
- Quercus similis — swamp post oak — southeastern North America
- Quercus sinuata — bastard oak or Durand oak — southern North America (= Quercus durandii)
- Quercus stellata — post oak — eastern North America
- Quercus subspathulata — Mexico
- Quercus tarahumara — northwestern Mexico
- Quercus toumeyi — Toumey oak — # southwest New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, northern Mexico
- Quercus tuberculata — Mexico
- Quercus turbinella — Turbinella oak, Arizona Blue Shrub oak, Shrub live oak or scrub live oak — # southwestern North America
- Quercus × turneri — Turner's oak — Spain
- Quercus vaseyana — Vasey oak — # southwestern North America
- Quercus vincentensis — El Salvador, Guatemala, and southern Mexico
- Quercus virginiana — southern live oak — # southeastern North America
- Quercus welshii — havard oak, Utah sand oak, wavy leaf oak — # southwestern North America
- Quercus wutaishanica — Liaoning oak — China, Mongolia
Section Mesobalanus
Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 6 months, bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless (closely related to sect. Quercus and sometimes included in it).
- Quercus canariensis — Mirbeck's oak or Algerian oak — # North Africa & Spain
- Quercus dentata — daimyo oak — eastern Asia
- Quercus frainetto — Hungarian oak or Italian oak — southeastern Europe
- Quercus macranthera — Caucasian oak or Persian oak — western Asia
- Quercus pontica — Pontine oak — western Asia
- Quercus pyrenaica — Pyrenean oak — southwestern Europe
- Quercus vulcanica — Kasnak oak — southwestern Asia
Section Cerris
Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless or slightly hairy.
- Quercus acutissima Carruth. — sawtooth oak — # China (including Tibet), Korea, Japan, Indochina, the Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, northeastern India).
- Quercus alnifolia — golden oak — # Cyprus
- Quercus aquifolioides Rehder & E.H.Wilson — # China (including Tibet)
- Quercus brandisiana Kurz Upland Indochina, Bangladesh
- Quercus brantii — Persian oak — southwestern Asia
- Quercus calliprinos — Palestine oak — # southwestern Asia
- Quercus castaneifolia — chestnut-leaved oak — Caucasus, Iran (Persia)
- Quercus cerris — Turkey oak — southern Europe, southwestern Asia
- Quercus chenii Nakai — SE China
- Quercus coccifera — kermes oak — # southern Europe
- Quercus floribunda — Moru oak — # Himalayas
- Quercus franchetii — China, eastern Asia
- Quercus ilex — holly oak or holm oak — # southern Europe, northwestern Africa
- Quercus infectoria — Aleppo oak, Cyprus oak — southern Europe, southwestern Asia
- Quercus infectoria Olivier var. veneris (C.K. Schneider) Meikle, or Quercus boissieri Reut./Boissier oak — Mount Hermon, Golan Heights, and Jordan
- Quercus ithaburensis — Mount Tabor's oak — southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia
- Quercus libani — Lebanon oak — southwestern Asia
- Quercus macrolepis — Vallonea oak — # southwestern Asia
- Quercus miyagii — Ryukyus
- Quercus pannosa # — China
- Quercus semecarpifolia — brown oak or Kharshu oak — # Himalayas
- Quercus spinosa # — China, Myanmar
- Quercus suber — cork oak — # southwestern Europe, northwestern Africa
- Quercus trojana — Macedonian oak — # southeastern Europe
- Quercus variabilis — Chinese cork oak — eastern Asia
Section Protobalanus
The intermediate oaks. Southwest USA and northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.
- Quercus cedrosensis — Cedros Island oak — # California + Baja California
- Quercus chrysolepis — canyon live oak — # southwestern North America
- Quercus palmeri — Palmer oak — # California, western Arizona
- Quercus tomentella — island oak — # offshore islands of California + Baja California
- Quercus vacciniifolia — huckleberry oak — # southwestern North America
Section Lobatae
The red oaks (synonym sect. Erythrobalanus). North, Central and South America. Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months(in most species),[3] very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.
- Quercus acerifolia — maple-leaved oak or mapleleaf oak — Arkansas
- Quercus acutifolia — Mexico
- Quercus agrifolia — coast live oak — # California, northern Baja California
- Quercus albocincta — Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental)
- Quercus aristata — Mexico
- Quercus arkansana — Arkansas oak — southeastern North America
- Quercus buckleyi — Texas red oak — south central North America
- Quercus canbyi — Canby oak or Mexican red oak — # Mexico
- Quercus candicans — Mexico
- Quercus castanea — # Mexico
- Quercus coccinea — scarlet oak — eastern North America
- Quercus coccolobifolia — Mexico
- Quercus coffeicolor — Mexico
- Quercus conspersa — Mexico
- Quercus costaricensis — # Costa Rica, Panama
- Quercus crassifolia — Mexico
- Quercus crassipes — Mexico
- Quercus cualensis — # Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur)
- Quercus delgadoana — Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental)
- Quercus depressa — Mexico
- Quercus dysophylla — Mexico
- Quercus eduardii — Mexico
- Quercus ellipsoidalis — northern pin oak — eastern North America
- Quercus elliptica — Mexico
- Quercus emoryi — Emory oak — # southwestern U.S., northern Mexico
- Quercus falcata — southern red oak or Spanish oak — southeastern North America
- Quercus frutex — Mexico
- Quercus gentryi — Mexico
- Quercus glabrescens — Mexico
- Quercus gravesii — Chisos red oak or Graves oak — Mexico, southwestern North America (Texas)
- Quercus graciliformis — Chisos oak — western Texas
- Quercus georgiana — Georgia oak — southeastern North America
- Quercus hemisphaerica — laurel oak or Darlington oak — # southeastern North America
- Quercus hintonii — Mexico
- Quercus hintoniorum — # Mexico
- Quercus hirtifolia — # Mexico
- Quercus humboldtii — Andean oak — # northern South America (Colombia & Panama)
- Quercus hypoleucoides — silverleaf oak — # southwestern North America
- Quercus hypoxantha — # Mexico
- Quercus ilicifolia — bear oak — eastern North America
- Quercus iltisii — western Mexico
- Quercus imbricaria — shingle oak — eastern North America
- Quercus incana — bluejack oak — southeastern North America
- Quercus inopina — sandhill oak — Florida
- Quercus kelloggii — California black oak — California, southwestern Oregon
- Quercus laevis — turkey oak — southeastern North America
- Quercus laurifolia — laurel oak — # southeastern North America
- Quercus laurina — # Mexico
- Quercus marilandica — blackjack oak — eastern North America
- Quercus martinezii — Mexico
- Quercus mexicana — Mexico
- Quercus myrtifolia — myrtle oak — # southeastern North America
- Quercus nigra — water oak — # eastern North America
- Quercus pagoda — cherrybark oak — southeastern North America
- Quercus parvula — Shreve oak, Santa Cruz Island oak — # coastal California
- Quercus palustris — pin oak — eastern North America
- Quercus phellos — willow oak — eastern North America
- Quercus planipocula — western Mexico
- Quercus potosina — Mexico
- Quercus pumila — runner oak — # southeastern North America
- Quercus rapurahuensis — Talamanca oak — # Costa Rica, Panama
- Quercus resinosa — Mexico
- Quercus robusta — Chisos Mountains of Texas
- Quercus rysophylla — loquat-leaf oak — # Mexico
- Quercus rubra — northern red oak — eastern North America
- Quercus salicifolia — # Mexico
- Quercus sapotifolia — # southern Mexico, Central America
- Quercus scytophylla — Mexico
- Quercus shumardii — Shumard oak — eastern North America
- Quercus sideroxyla — Mexico
- Quercus splendens — Mexico
- Quercus skinneri — Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras
- Quercus tardifolia — lateleaf oak — # two small clumps in Chisos Mountains of Texas
- Quercus texana — Nuttall's oak — south central North America (Lower Mississippi River Valley)
- Quercus urbanii — Mexico
- Quercus uxoris — Mexico
- Quercus velutina — black oak or eastern black oak or dyer's oak — eastern North America
- Quercus viminea — # Mexico
- Quercus wislizeni — interior live oak — # California
- Quercus xalapensis — Mexico, Central America
Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis
Illustration of Quercus lamellosa, showing acorns in clusters, with visible rings on their cups
The ring-cupped oaks (synonym genus Cyclobalanopsis). Eastern and southeastern Asia. They are distinct from subgenus Quercus in that they have acorns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales; they commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species. About 150 species.
- Selected species
- Quercus acuta — Japanese evergreen oak. # Japan, Korea
- Quercus albicaulis — # China
- Quercus annulata Sm. — # The Himalayas to Vietnam
- Quercus arbutifolia Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
- Quercus argentata — # Malaysia, Indonesia
- Quercus argyrotricha — # Guizhou (China)
- Quercus asymmetrica Hickel & A.Camus — # China, northern Vietnam
- Quercus augustinii — # China, Vietnam
- Quercus auricoma A.Camus — # China, Vietnam (synonym Quercus hui)
- Quercus austrocochinchinensis — # China, Thailand, Vietnam
- Quercus austroglauca — # China.
- Quercus bella — # China
- Quercus blakei — # China, Laos, Vietnam
- Quercus braianensis A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
- Quercus championii — # China, Taiwan
- Quercus chapensis — # China, Vietnam
- Quercus chevalieri — # China, Vietnam
- Quercus chingsiensis — # China
- Quercus chrysocalyx Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam
- Quercus chungii — # China
- Quercus daimingshanensis — # China
- Quercus dankiaensis A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
- Quercus delavayi — # China
- Quercus delicatula — # China
- Quercus dinghuensis — # China
- Quercus disciformis — # China
- Quercus edithiae — # China, Vietnam
- Quercus elevaticostata — # Fujian (China)
- Quercus fleuryi — # China, Laos, Vietnam
- Quercus gambleana — # China, India
- Quercus gemelliflora — # Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam
- Quercus gilva — # Japan, Taiwan, China
- Quercus glauca — ring-cupped oak. # From Afghanistan to Japan and Vietnam
- Quercus gomeziana A.Camus — # Vietnam
- Quercus helferiana — # China, India, Burma/Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam
- Quercus hondae — # Kyūshū (Japan)
- Quercus hypophaea — # Taiwan
- Quercus jenseniana — # China
- Quercus jinpinensis — # China
- Quercus kerrii — Kerr's oak. # Vietnam, Thailand, possibly China
- Quercus kiukiangensis — # China
- Quercus kouangsiensis — # China
- Quercus lamellosa — # Himalayas
- Quercus lanata Sm. — # Vietnam
- Quercus langbianensis — # Cambodia, China, Vietnam. (synonym: Quercus camusiae)
- Quercus lineata — # Malaysia, Indonesia
- Quercus litoralis — # China
- Quercus litseoides — # China
- Quercus lobbii — # China, India
- Quercus longinux — # Taiwan
- Quercus lowii — # Borneo
- Quercus lungmaiensis — # Yunnan (China)
- Quercus macrocalyx Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam
- Quercus merrillii — # Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Palawan (Philippines)
- Quercus mespilifolia Wall. ex A.DC — # Vietnam
- Quercus morii — # Taiwan
- Quercus motuoensis — # China
- Quercus multinervis — # China
- Quercus myrsinifolia — bamboo-leaf oak. # China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam (synonym: Quercus neglecta)
- Quercus ningangensis — # China
- Quercus oblongata D.Don — # Vietnam
- Quercus obovatifolia — # China
- Quercus oxyodon — # Assam, Myanmar, China, Bhutan, Nepal, northern Vietnam (synonym Q. songtavanensis)
- Quercus pachyloma — # China, Taiwan
- Quercus patelliformis — # China
- Quercus pentacycla — # China
- Quercus petelotii A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
- Quercus phanera — # China
- Quercus poilanei — # China, Thailand, Vietnam
- Quercus quangtriensis Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam
- Quercus rex — # China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam
- Quercus rupestris Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
- Quercus salicina — # Japan, South Korea
- Quercus saravanensis — # China, Laos, Vietnam
- Quercus schottkyana — # China
- Quercus semiserrata — # China, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand
- Quercus sessilifolia — # Japan, Taiwan, China
- Quercus setulosa Hickel & A.Camus — # Laos, Vietnam
- Quercus sichourensis — # Yunnan (China)
- Quercus stenophylloides — # Taiwan
- Quercus stewardiana — # China
- Quercus subhinoidea — # China
- Quercus subsericea — # Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines (Palawan)
- Quercus sumatrana — # Indonesia
- Quercus thorelii — # China, Laos, Vietnam
- Quercus tomentosinervis — # China
- Quercus treubiana — # Sumatra, Borneo
- Quercus xanthotricha — # China, Laos, Vietnam
- Quercus yingjiangensis — # China
- Quercus yonganensis — # China
External links
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). "Quercus". Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- "Quercus". Flora of China – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- "Cyclobalanopsis". Flora of China – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Sources
References
- "Quercus L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
- Borgardt, S. J.; Pigg, K. B. (1999). "Anatomical and developmental study of petrified Quercus (Fagaceae) fruits from the Middle Miocene, Yakima Canyon, Washington, USA". American Journal of Botany. 86 (3): 307–325. doi:10.2307/2656753. JSTOR 2656753. PMID 10077494.
- Kershner, Bruce, and Craig Tufts. National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America. New York: Sterling Pub., 2008. Print.
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus. |
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.