List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches
The St. Louis Cardinals, based in St. Louis, Missouri, are a professional baseball franchise that compete in the National League of Major League Baseball (MLB). The club employs coaches who support – and report directly to – the manager. Coaches for various aspects of the game, including pitching, hitting, baserunning and fielding, give instruction to players to assist them in exercising the major disciplines that must be successfully executed to compete at the highest level. These specialized roles are a relatively new development, as coaches initially did not have specific roles and instead had titles such as "first assistant", "second assistant", etc. St. Louis Cardinals coaches have played an important role in the team's eleven World Series titles. Many are retired players who at one time played for the team. Coaching is often part of the path for Major League managerial hopefuls, as a coach's previous experiences typically include managing and/or coaching at the minor league level. Charley O'Leary and Heinie Peitz, both former Cardinals players, became the first coaches the Cardinals employed as positions separate from the manager in 1913.
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The longest-tenured coach in Cardinals' franchise history is Red Schoendienst, who has filled a variety of roles for the St. Louis Cardinals. First, he played 15 seasons as a second baseman for the Cardinals before becoming an on-field coach in 1962 in his penultimate season as an active player. He continued to coach through 1964, and the next season, became the Cardinals' manager. Returning as an on-field coach for the Cardinals in 1979, Schoendienst remained in that capacity until 1995. From 1996 until his death in 2018, he served as a special assistant to the general manager as a coaching advisor. In all, Schoendienst coached for St. Louis for 38 total seasons.[1] He has also worn a St. Louis Major League uniform in eight different decades, won four World Series titles as part of on-field personnel and two more World Series titles since moving into his role as an advisor.[2][3]
The current longest-tenured coach through 2015 is third-base coach José Oquendo, who has been coaching for the Cardinals since 1999. The latest addition is assistant hitting coach Bill Mueller, who was hired before the 2015 season. The longest-tenured on-field coach in franchise history is Buzzy Wares; he is also the only coach for the Cardinals with a consecutive on-field season streak of 20 or more seasons with 23. Schoendienst is the only other with 20 or more total seasons; he also had a streak of 17 consecutive seasons. Dave Duncan and Dave McKay are both tied for third with 16 total seasons and both with a streak of 16 consecutive seasons. Jose Oquendo is also tied with Duncan and McKay with 16 years during the 2015 season as it marks his 16 consecutive season as an on field coach. Others with ten or more seasons include Mike González, Johnny Lewis, Marty Mason, Gaylen Pitts and Dave Ricketts. Dal Maxvill is the only former Cardinals coach to have become a general manager for the Cardinals. Ray Blades, Ken Boyer, González, Johnny Keane, Jack Krol, Marty Marion, Bill McKechnie, Schoendienst and Harry Walker have all also managed the Cardinals. Cardinals coaches who have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum include Bob Gibson, McKechnie and Schoendienst.
Current coaching staff
- Manager: Mike Shildt, (#8) [interim, 2018] (July 15, 2018 - present)[4]
- Bench: Ron ("Pop") Warner, (July 19, 2018- ), (#75)
- First base: Oliver Marmol, (2019–present) (#37)
- Third base: Jose Oquendo, 17th season (2000-2015) (#11)[5][6]
- Batting coach: Mark Budaska, (July 14, 2018- ), (#XX)[4][7]
- Hitting coach: George Greer, (July 14, 2018- ), (#XX)[4][6][8]
- Pitching coach: Mike Maddux, (2018–present) (#31)[9]
- Bullpen coach: Bryan Eversgerd, (2018–present) (#72)[9]
- Bullpen catcher: Jamie Pogue, fourth season (#94)[10]
- Quality control:
- Other: Willie McGee, (2018–present) (#51)[5]
Lists of coaches
# | Ordinal number in the succession of coaches |
Prior role, other notes: | Previous Cardinal coaching assignment or assignment in another organization: M (Manager), BN (Bench coach), PT (Pitching), BP (Bullpen), H (Hitting), AH (Assistant hitting), 1BC (First base), 3BC (Third base), QC (Quality Control), SA (Special assistant), MI (Coached or managed in minor leagues) |
Ref | Reference(s) |
Roles | Also a player (*), manager (M), or executive (E) for the Cardinals |
Awards | Former Gold Glove (G), Silver Slugger (S), Cy Young (C) or MVP (V) Award winner |
∂ | Former MLB All-Star (1933–present only) |
§ | Inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame as a Cardinal |
†, ‡ | Inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame primarily as a player (†) or as a manager and/or an executive (‡) |
Bench coaches
![](../I/Red_Schoendienst1983.jpg.webp)
![](../I/Jos%C3%A9_Oquendo_2009.jpg.webp)
![](../I/Buzzy_Wares_1946_World_Series.jpg.webp)
![](../I/DSC00876_2_Dave_Duncan.jpg.webp)
![](../I/Mike_Gonzalez_NY_Giants.jpg.webp)
# | Coach | Seasons | Prior role, other notes: | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jim Riggleman | 1989–90 | MI (1983–88) | [11][12] | |
Ron Hassey | 1996 | Vars. coaching pos, Colorado Rockies (1993–95) | [13][14] | |
Carney Lansford S∂ | 1998 | St. Louis Cardinals coach, 1997 | [15] | |
José Oquendo * | 1999 | MI (1998) | [16] | |
Joe Pettini | 2002–2011 | MI (1989–2001) | [17][18] | |
Mike Aldrete | 2012–2014 | AH (2008–11) | [19] | |
David Bell * | 2015–2017 | AH (2014) | [20] | |
Mike Shildt | 2018–July 14, 2018[4] | QC / 3BC (2017); MI Cardinals' farm system 8 yrs, (2009-2016) | [5] | |
Oliver Marmol | 2019–Present | MI A-Palm Beach (2015-2016), R-JC Cardinals (2012-2014); H GCL Cardinals (2011) | [21] |
Hitting coaches
# | Coach | Seasons | Prior role, other notes: | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stan Hack ∂ | 1957–58 | [13] | ||
Mickey Vernon ∂ | 1965 | [22] | ||
Gaylen Pitts | 1991 | MI (1980–90) | [23] | |
Don Baylor SV∂ | 1992 | [13] | ||
Chris Chambliss G∂ | 1993–95 | [13] | ||
George Hendrick *S∂ | 1996–97 | MI (1993–95) | [13][24] | |
Dave Parker GSV∂ | 1998 | Coach, Anaheim Angels (1997) | [25] | |
Mike Easler ∂ | 1999–2001 | H (Boston Red Sox, 1993–94) | [26][27] | |
Mitchell Page | 2001–04 | MI (1997–2001) | [28][29] | |
Hal McRae S∂ | 2005–09 | Special assistant to GM, Tampa Bay Devil Rays | [30] | |
Mark McGwire *GS∂ | 2010–12 | Major League player (1986–2001) | [31][32] | |
John Mabry * | 2013–July 14, 2018[4] | AH (2012) | [7] | |
Jeff Albert | 2019 | [21] |
Assistant hitting coaches
# | Coach | Seasons | Prior role, other notes: | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mike Aldrete | 2008–11 | H (Arizona Diamondbacks, 2005–06) | [33] | |
John Mabry * | 2012 | [7] | ||
Bengie Molina G | 2013 | Major League player (1998–2010) | [34] | |
David Bell * | 2014 | 3BC (Chicago Cubs, 2013) | [20][35] | |
Bill Mueller S | 2015–July 14, 2018[4] | Major League player (1996–2006) | [8] | |
Mark Budaska | 2018–present | [21] | ||
Pitching coaches
# | Coach | Seasons | Prior role, other notes: | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Joe Becker | 1965–66 | [13] | ||
Hub Kittle | 1981–83 | MI (1977) | [36][37] | |
Joe Coleman ∂ | 1991–94 | BP (California Angels, 1987–90) | [13][38] | |
Bob Gibson *GCV∂†§ | 1995 | PT (Atlanta Braves, 1982–84) | [39] | |
Mark Riggins | 1995 | MI (1979–94) | [40] | |
Dave Duncan ∂ | 1996–2011 | PT (Oakland Athletics, 1987–95) | [41][42][43] | |
Derek Lilliquist | 2011–17 | BP (2011) | [44][45] | |
Mike Maddux | 2018–present | PT (Washington Nationals, 2016-2017) | [9] |
Bullpen coaches
# | Coach | Seasons | Prior role, other notes: | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tom Zimmer | 1976 | MI (1971–75) | [46][47][48] | |
Gaylen Pitts | 1992–95 | H (1991) | [23] | |
Mark DeJohn | 1996–2001 | MI (1986–95) | [49] | |
Marty Mason | 2000–10 | MI (1986–99) | [50][51] | |
Derek Lilliquist | 2011 | MI (2002–10) | [52] | |
Dyar Miller | 2012 | MI (1985–86; 1996–2011) | [53] | |
Blaise Ilsley | 2013–17 | MI (2008–12) | [54][55] | |
Bryan Eversgerd | 2018–present | PT (AAA-Memphis, 2013-2017) | [9] |
First base coaches
# | Coach | Seasons | Prior role, other notes: | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nick Leyva | 1984–85 | MI (1978–83) | [56][57] | |
Rich Hacker | 1986–88 | MI (1982–85) | [13][58] | |
Dave Collins * | 1991–92 | Major League player (1975–90) | [13][59] | |
José Cardenal * | 1994–95 | [13] | ||
Dave McKay | 1996–2011 | 1BC (Oakland Athletics, 1989–95) | [17][60][61] | |
Chris Maloney | 2012–2016 | MI (1991–96; 1998–2001; 2005–11) | [62][63] | |
Oliver Marmol * | 2017-2018 | MI A-Palm Beach (2015-2016), R-JC Cardinals (2012-2014); H GCL Cardinals (2011) | [64] | |
Stubby Clapp | 2019–Present | [21] | ||
Third base coaches
# | Coach | Seasons | Prior role, other notes: | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
George Kissell | 1969–75 | MI (1946–57, 1961–68) | [65][66][67] | |
Chuck Hiller | 1983 | Coach (1981–82) | [13][68] | |
Rich Hacker | 1988–90 | 1BC (1986–87) | [13][58] | |
Nick Leyva | 1986–88 | 1BC (1984–85) | [56][57] | |
Bucky Dent ∂ | 1991–94 | M (New York Yankees, 1989 & 1990) | [13][69] | |
Rene Lachemann | 1997–99 | M (Florida Marlins, 1993–96) | [70] | |
José Oquendo * | 2000-2015, 2018 | BN (1999), MI (1998) | [5][6] | |
Ron 'Pop' Warner | 2019–Present | [21] |
Special assistants
# | Coach | Seasons | Prior role, other notes: | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gaylen Pitts | 2009–present | Assistant for player development; MI (2008) | [71][72] | |
Willie McGee * G,S, MVP ∂ | 2018-present | Assistant to GM John Mozeliak (2013-2017) | [5] | |
Unspecified roles
Related lists
References
Source notes
- Jove, Dave (January 18, 2013). "Red Schoendienst's 90th birthday". Fox2Now, KTVI St. Louis. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- "Red Schoendienst". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- "Red Schoendienst". Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- "Cardinals fire manager Mike Matheny". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. July 14, 2018.
- "McGee among adds to Cards' coaching staff". MLB.com. October 23, 2017.
- "Cards' 3B coach Oquendo taking medical leave". MLB.com. March 27, 2016.
- "John Mabry #47". www.stlouis.cardinals.mlb.com. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
- Galanis, Sam (November 17, 2014). "Bill Mueller hired as St. Louis Cardinals' assistant hitting coach". New England Sports Network. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
- "Mike Maddux hired to be Cards pitching coach". MLB.com. October 26, 2017.
- "Jamie Pogue #39". www.stlouis.cardinals.mlb.com. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
- "Jim Riggleman". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- "Jim Riggleman minor league statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- Broeg 1998: 276
- "Ron Hassey". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- "Carney Lansford". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- "José Oquendo bio". MLB.com. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
- Springer, Will (November 16, 2011). "Cardinals set coaching staff". KMOX, CBS St. Louis. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
- Goold, Derrick (May 10, 2011). "Meet Joe Pettini". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
- "Cards bench coach Aldrete moving on to A's". MLB.com. October 27, 2014.
- "David Bell". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- "Coaching Staff". St. Louis Cardinals. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
- "Mickey Vernon". sabr.org. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- "Gaylen Pitts profile". Scout.com. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- "George Hendrick". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- "Dave Parker". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- "Mike Easler". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- "Easler sues Cardinals for wrongful termination". Sports Illustrated. Associated Press. July 26, 2001. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- "Mitchell Page". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- Schudel, Matt (March 18, 2011). "Mitchell Page, hitting coach for Nationals and Cardinals, dies at 59". Washington Post. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- "Hal McRae profile". Scout.com. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
- Gurnick, Ken (November 2, 2012). "McGwire to become Dodgers' hitting coach". MLB.com.
- "Mark McGwire statistics and history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
- "Mike Aldrete". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- Sullivan, T. R. (November 12, 2013). "Texas Rangers hire Bengie Molina to round out coaching staff". MLB.com. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
- Goold, Derrick (December 10, 2013). "Cards to hire David Bell as assistant hitting coach". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- "Hub Kittle". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
- "Hub Kittle minor league statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
- "Joe Coleman". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- "Bob Gibson". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- Cubs Press Release (December 6, 2010). "Cubs name Riggins Major League pitching coach". MLB.com. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- Kramer, Staci D. (October 26, 1995). "Brewery stuns St. Louis with plan to sell the Cardinals". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
- Staff report (January 6, 2012). "Cardinals hire Derek Lilliquist as Dave Duncan's replacement". The Sporting News. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
- "Dave Duncan". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- "Derek Lilliquist #34". www.stlouis.cardinals.mlb.com. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
- "Derek Lilliquist". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
- "Tom Zimmer". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
- "Tom Zimmer minor league statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
- "Twins pick Tom Zimmer to manage farm club". Kingsport Post. December 30, 1976. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
- "Mark DeJohn". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- "Marty Mason". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
- Strauss, Joe (October 18, 2010). "Cardinals dismiss bullpen coach". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
- Browne, Ian (November 2, 2010). "Cardinals finalize 2011 coaching staff". stlouis.cardinals.MLB.com. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
- Walton, Brian (October 25, 2012). "(The other) Miller time ends with Cardinals". The Cardinal Nation.com. Archived from the original on December 19, 2012. Retrieved November 6, 2013 – via Scout.com.
- "Blaise Illsley #49". www.stlouis.cardinals.mlb.com. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
- "Cardinals promote John Mabry". ESPN.com. Associated Press. November 5, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
- "Nick Leyva". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
- "Nick Leyva minor league statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
- Vincent, Dave. "Rich Hacker". Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
- "Dave Collins". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
- Goold, Derrick (April 16, 2012). "McKay believes Cubs will 'get good quickly'". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
- "Dave McKay". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- "Chris Maloney #77". www.stlouis.cardinals.mlb.com. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
- Leach, Matthew (November 16, 2011). "Cards retain Duncan, McGwire, Oquendo". www.stlouis.cardinals.mlb.com. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
Aldrete takes over as bench coach, Maloney new first-base coach
- "Cardinals, manager Mike Matheny agree to 3-year contract extension". ESPN. November 3, 2016.
- Goldstein, Richard (October 8, 2008). "George Kissell, 88, Dies; Taught the Techniques of Baseball". New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- "George Kissell". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
- "George Kissell minor league statistics & history". Retrieved November 12, 2013.
- "Chuck Hiller". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
- "Bucky Dent". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- "Rene Lachemann". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Gaylen Pitts". www.stlouis.cardinals.mlb.com. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
- Morgan, Marlon (April 24, 2009). "Former 'Birds manager back with Cards". The Commercial Appeal. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
- "Charlie O'Leary". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- "Charlie O'Leary minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- "Heinie Peitz". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- "Heinie Peitz minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- "Newt Hunter". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Newt Hunter minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Joe Sugden statistics & history". Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Joe Sugden". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Roy Thomas". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Roy Thomas minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Bruce Shotton statistics & history". Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Burt Shotton". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Tink Turner". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Tink Turner minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Bill Killefer". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Otto Williams". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
- "Bill McKechnie". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
- "Allen Sothoron". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Jack Onslow". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- "Jack Onslow minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- "Greasy Neale". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- "Greasy Neale minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- "Buzzy Wares". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- "Mike González". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- "Tony Kaufmann". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
- "Tony Kaufmann minor league statistics & history". Retrieved November 16, 2013.
- "Terry Moore". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
- "Marty Marion". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
- "Marty Marion minor league statistics & history". Retrieved November 16, 2013.
- "Mike Ryba". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Mike Ryba minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Johnny Riddle". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
- "Dixie Walker". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
- "Dixie Walker minor league statistics & history". Retrieved January 5, 2013.
- "Lou Kahn". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Lou Kahn minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Bill Posedel". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
- "Johnny Hopp minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Johnny Hopp". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Walker Cooper". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
- "Al Hollingsworth". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Al Hollingsworth minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- "Ray Katt". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Johnny Keane". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Johnny Keane minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Harry Walker". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
- "Harry Walker minor league statistics & history". Retrieved November 12, 2013.
- "Howie Pollet". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Darrell Johnson". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Red Schoendienst". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
- "Hal Smith". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
- Broeg 1998: 278
- "Joe Schultz". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- "Vern Benson". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- "Vern Benson minor league statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- "Bob Milliken". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
- "Mickey Vernon". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
- "Dick Sisler". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- "Billy Muffett". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
- "Bart Zeller". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
- "Bart Zeller minor league statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
- "Ken Boyer". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
- "Ken Boyer minor league statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- "Barney Schultz". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
- "Lee Thomas". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- "Lee Thomas minor league statistics & history". Retrieved January 3, 2014.
- "Johnny Lewis". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
- "Dave Ricketts". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
- "Dave Ricketts minor league statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
- "Fred Koenig". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Fred Koenig minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Preston Gómez". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
- "Jack Krol". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Jack Krol minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Mo Mozzali". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- "Mo Mozzali minor league statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- "Claude Osteen". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
- "Sonny Ruberto". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- "Sonny Ruberto minor league statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- Broeg 1998: 277
- "Dal Maxville". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
- "Hal Lanier". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
- "Hal Lanier minor league statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
- "Mike Roarke". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- "Darold". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Gaylen Pitts". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Gaylen Pitts minor league statistics & history". Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Jack Hubbard". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- "Tommie Reynolds". Retrosheet.org. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
Bibliography
- Broeg, Bob; Vickery, Jerry (1998). St. Louis Cardinals Encyclopedia. Chicago: NTC/Contemporary Press. ISBN 1-57028-171-8.