List of heads of state of Libya

This article lists the heads of state of Libya since the country's independence in 1951.

Libya
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Libya

Member State of the Arab League

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Heads of state of Libya (1951–present)

Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969)

No. Name Portrait Lifespan Reign Dynasty
Reign start Reign end Duration
King of Libya
1 Idris I 1889–1983 24 December 1951 1 September 1969 17 years, 251 days Senussi
The first and only King of Libya. Deposed in the 1969 coup d'état.

Libya under Gaddafi (1969–2011)

Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)

No. Name Portrait Lifespan Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council
2 Muammar Gaddafi 1942–2011 1 September 1969 2 March 1977 7 years, 182 days Military /
Arab Socialist Union
Gaddafi dissolved the Revolutionary Command Council on 2 March 1977, after the General People's Congress adopted the Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People.

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)

Secretaries-General of the General People's Congress
(2) Muammar Gaddafi 1942–2011 2 March 1977 2 March 1979 2 years, 0 days Military /
Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Gaddafi renounced all government functions on 2 March 1979. However, as leader of the revolution (officially "Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution"), he retained ultimate control over Libya until he was deposed and killed during the 2011 Civil War.[1][2]
3 Abdul Ati al-Obeidi 1939– 2 March 1979 7 January 1981 1 year, 311 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Previously served as General Secretary of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister), from 1977 to 1979.
4 Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab 1940– 7 January 1981 15 February 1984 3 years, 39 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Afterwards served as General Secretary of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister), from 1984 to 1986.
5 Mifta al-Usta Umar 1935–2010 15 February 1984 7 October 1990 6 years, 234 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Served at the time of the 1986 United States bombing (Operation El Dorado Canyon).
6 Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa 1933–2016 7 October 1990 18 January 1992 1 year, 103 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
7 Muhammad az-Zanati 1944– 18 January 1992 3 March 2008 16 years, 45 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
8 Miftah Muhammed K'eba 1947– 3 March 2008 5 March 2009 1 year, 2 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
9 Imbarek Shamekh 1952– 5 March 2009[3] 26 January 2010 327 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Previously served as General Secretary of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister), from 2000 to 2003.
10 Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai 1952– 26 January 2010[4] 23 August 2011 1 year, 209 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Served at the time of the 2011 Civil War and the concurrent foreign military intervention. Deposed during the Battle of Tripoli.

Transitional period (2011–present)

Chairman of the National Transitional Council
11 Mustafa Abdul Jalil 1952– 5 March 2011 8 August 2012 1 year, 156 days Independent
In rebellion to 23 August 2011, based in Benghazi during this period.
Presidents of the General National Congress
— Mohammed Ali Salim
Acting President		 1935– 8 August 2012 9 August 2012 1 day Independent
Symbolic head of state for the handover of power from the NTC.
12 Mohammed Magariaf 1940– 9 August 2012 28 May 2013 292 days National Front Party
Resigned to comply with the Political Isolation Law passed by the GNC on 14 May 2013.
— Giuma Ahmed Atigha
Acting President		 1950– 28 May 2013 25 June 2013 28 days Independent
13 Nouri Abusahmain 1956– 25 June 2013 5 April 2016 2 years, 285 days Independent
In rebellion, based in Tripoli. Internationally recognized until 4 August 2014.
Following the 2014 legislative election, the government was split between the newly-elected House of Representatives and the outgoing General National Congress, resulting in the ongoing civil war. The 2014 legislative election have been declared invalid by the Libyan Supreme Court in November 2014.
Presidents of the House of Representatives
— Abu Bakr Baira
Acting President		 1941– 4 August 2014 5 August 2014 1 day Independent
Symbolic head of state for the handover of power from the GNC.
14 Aguila Saleh Issa 1944– 5 August 2014 Incumbent 6 years, 188 days Independent
In rebellion, based in Tobruk. Internationally recognized until 12 March 2016.
Following the inauguration of the Presidential Council and the Government of National Accord, the government remain split between the House of Representatives and the National Salvation Government, recreated after the 2016 coup d'état attempt. Afterwards, the High Council of the Revolution is created as well. However, the High Council of State, based in Tripoli recognizes the GNA.
Chairman of the Presidential Council
15 Fayez al-Sarraj 1960– 30 March 2016 Incumbent 4 years, 316 days Independent
Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli. Simultaneously serving as Prime Minister of the Government of National Accord.
16 Mohamed Younis Ahmed Al-Manfi 2021 Elected Independent
Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.

See also

References
  1. Wynne-Jones, Jonathan (19 March 2011). "Libyan minister claims Gaddafi is powerless and the ceasefire is 'solid'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  2. "Gaddafi: Libya dignity under attack". Al Jazeera. 2 March 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011. Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi has said that he is not a president and so cannot resign his position, and that power is in the hands of the people, during a televised public rally in the capital, Tripoli.
  3. "Limited Reshuffle in GP Congress, GP Committee". The Tripoli Post. 6 March 2009. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  4. "Friend of Gaddafi named to head Libyan parliament". afran.ir. 27 January 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
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