List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions

A number of histologic stains are used in the field of dermatology that aid in the diagnosis of conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system.

Positive histologic stains that aid in the diagnosis of conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system
StainCell, material, and/or structure(s) stainedCondition(s) in which stain is positive
Actin-specific enolaseInfantile digital fibromatosis
AE1/AE3Squamous cell carcinoma
Alcian blueLipoid proteinosis
Papular mucinosis
Scleredema
Pretibial myxedema
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Alizarin redCalcinosis cutis
Azure AMast cellMastocytosis
Bcl-2Basal cell carcinoma
Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type
Bcl-6Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma
BerEp4Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma
Basal cell carcinoma
Brown–BrennEumycotic mycetoma
CAM 5.2Merkel cell carcinoma
CCR7Melanoma
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)Eccrine glandExtramammary Paget's disease
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma
Eccrine poroma
CD1aLangerhans cellLangerhans cell histiocytosis
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis
CD4Mycosis fungoides
Sézary syndrome
CD5Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CD8Pagetoid reticulosis
CD10Renal cell carcinoma
CD15Hodgkin's disease
CD20Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type
CD30 (Ki-1)Lymphomatoid papulosis
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa
Hodgkin's disease
CD31Endothelial cellKaposi's sarcoma
Angiosarcoma
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
CD34Dermal dendritic cellDesmoplastic trichoepithelioma
Spindle cell lipoma
Angiosarcoma
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Atypical fibroxanthoma
Pleomorphic fibroma
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
CD38Plasma cellMultiple myeloma
Plasmablastic lymphoma
Pagetoid reticulosis
CD44Merkel cell carcinoma
CD56Extranodal natural killer cell lymphoma
Merkel cell carcinoma
CD68Benign cephalic histiocytosis
Generalized eruptive histiocytosis
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis
Juvenile xanthogranuloma
Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma
Giant cell reticulohistiocytoma
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis
Xanthoma disseminatum
Rosai–Dorfman disease
Atypical fibroxanthoma
Melanoma
CD79aPrimary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type
CD117Mast cellMastocytosis
CD138Plasma cellMultiple myeloma
Plasmablastic lymphoma
CD207 (Langerin)Langerhans cellLangerhans cell histiocytosis
Chloracetate esterase (Leder)Mast cellMastocytosis
Chromogranin AMerkel cell carcinoma
Cystokeratin 7Paget's disease (breast and extramammary)
Cytokeratin 20Extramammary Paget's disease of endodermal origin
Merkel cell carcinoma
Colloidal ironPapular mucinosis
Scleredema
Pretibial myxedema
Congo redAmyloidosis
Colloid milium
Crystal violetAmyloidosis
Colloid milium
D2-40Lymphangioma circumscriptum
de GalanthaPseudogout
DylonAmyloidosis
Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)Eccrine gland
Sebaceous gland
Paget's disease
extramammary Paget's disease
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma
Sebaceous carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Schwannoma
Factor VIIIDabska-type hemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma
Factor XIIICutaneous focal mucinosis
Factor XIIIaDermal dendritic cellDermatofibroma
Epithelioid cell histiocytoma
FiteLeprosy
Nocardiosis[nb 1]
Fontana-MassonCryptococcus neoformansCryptococcus
GiemsaMast cellMastocytosis
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Gomori methenamine silverHistoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15)Apocrine glandExtramammary Paget's disease of cutaneous origin
HAM56HistiocyteDermatofibroma
HMB45Gp100 (pmel17, silver protein)Melanoma[nb 2]
IndiaCryptococcus neoformansCryptococcus
KP-1HistiocyteDermatofibroma
LYVE-1Kaposi's sarcoma
MAC387Histiocyte
MART-1 (MART-1)Melanoma
Masson's trichromeInfantile digital fibromatosis
Mel-5TYRP1Melanoma
Methylene blueMast cellMastocytosis
Ochronosis
MIB-1Melanoma
Muscle-specific actinGlomus tumor
Dermatofibroma
Infantile myofibromatosis
NeurofilamentNeurofibroma
Neuro-specific enolaseMerkel cell carcinoma
Non-aqueous alcoholic eosin stain (NAES)Pseudogout
Oil red OSebaceous carcinoma
Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum
Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn
Peanut agglutininBasal cell carcinoma
Phosphotungsten acid-hematoxylin (PTAH)Infantile digital fibromatosis
Pogoda redAmyloidosis
Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5)Nerve sheath myxoma
Silver nitrateUrate crystalGout
Sirius redAmyloidosis
Smooth muscle actin (SMA)Angiomyxoma
Leiomyosarcoma
SOX10Neuroectodermal neoplasms of neural crest origin, especially:[1]
  • Melanoma, although desmoplastic melanomas may be only focally positive.
  • Nevus
Sudan IVLeprosy
Sudan blackSebaceous carcinoma
SynaptophysinMerkel cell carcinoma
S100Melanocyte
Langerhans cell
Schwann cell
Chondrocyte
Adipocyte
Eccrine gland
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis
Schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Nerve sheath myxoma (Cellular neurothekeoma)
Extraskeletal chondroma
Thioflavin TAmyloidosis
Colloid milium
Toluidine blueMast cellMastocytosis
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Papular mucinosis
Scleredema
Pretibial myxedema
TryptaseMast cellMastocytosis
TyrosinaseTyrosinaseMelanoma
Ulex eropaeus agglutininDabska-type hemangioendothelioma
VEGF-3Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma
VEGFR-3Kaposi's sarcoma
Verhoeff van GiesonCollagen
Elastin
Elastosis perforans serpiginosa
Acquired perforating dermatosis
Perforating periumbilical calcific elastosis
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
VimentinNon-specific mesenchymal componentsMelanoma
Glomus tumor
Dermatofibroma
Pleomorphic fibroma of the skin
Epithelioid cell histiocytoma
von KossaCalciumCalcinosis cutis
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
WadeLeprosy
WrightBlood cellsTransient neonatal pustular melanosis[nb 3]
Erythema toxicum neonatorum[nb 4]>
Granuloma inguinale
Ziehl–Neelsen_stainLeprosy[nb 1]

Footnotes

  1. The Ziehl-Neelson stain is positive in leprosy but notable for being negative with nocardiosis. Fite stain is positive in leprosy and nocardiosis.
  2. Melanoma stains positive with HMB45 with the exception of desmoplastic melanoma.
  3. Staining of pustule contents in transient neonatal pustular melanosis will reveal numerous neutrophils
  4. Staining of pustule in erythema toxicum neonatorum will reveal numerous eosinophils

See also

References

  1. Nat Pernick. "Stains - SOX10". Pathology Outlines. Topic Completed: 1 February 2014. Revised: 20 September 2019
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