List of leaders of the Nizari–Seljuk conflicts

List of the commanders and leaders of the Nizari–Seljuk conflicts

Participants

The Great Seljuk Empire at its greatest extent

The conflicts were more complex than a simple Nizari vs Seljuk one. Even the Ismailis themselves were not unified; e.g. the Ismailis in Isfahan did not recognize the authority of Hassan-i Sabbah in Alamut. Sometimes the actual anti-Ismailism came from the local Sunni population rather than the Seljuk government, such as the massacre of the Ismailis in Isfahan in 1101. In the Seljuk dynastic conflicts, all sides were relying on Ismaili soldiers, and some Seljuk elites are known to be Ismaili converts (e.g. Iranshah ibn Turanshah) or at least to have Nizari sympathies at times (e.g. Barkiyaruq and Ridwan ibn Tutush).[1]

Nizari Ismailis

Unlike the Fatimids who mostly produced learned scholars, the Nizaris of Alamut were mostly preoccupied with survival in their extremely hostile environment, and naturally produced, or acquired the alliance of, good military leaders. Many of these commanders are both military leaders and religious preachers (da'i) at the same time.[2]

Allies and sympathizers

Nizari enemies

Great Seljuk Empire

Assassination of Nizam al-Mulk
Dinar of Sultan Mahmud II

Abbasid Caliphate

Coin minted with the names of Caliph al-Mustazhir and the Seljuk sultan Muhammad Tapar

Fatimid Caliphate

Coin of al-Musta'li

Ayyubid Sultanate

  • Saladin, sultan of Syria and Egypt

Crusaders

Principality of Antioch
Kingdom of Jerusalem
County of Tripoli
  • Raymond II X, Count of Tripoli
    • Ralph of Merle X, knight
    • Unnamed lieutenant X
Knights Templar
Knights Hospitaller

Other (semi)-independent leaders

See also

References

  1. Peacock, A. C. S. (2015). Great Seljuk Empire. Edinburgh University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-7486-9807-3.
  2. Daftary, Farhad. Mediaeval Isma'ili History and Thought. Cambridge University Press. p. 5-6. ISBN 978-0-521-00310-0.
  3. عبدالملک بن عطاش
  4. طاهر
  5. Lewis, Bernard (2011). The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam. Orion. pp. 53—. ISBN 978-0-297-86333-5.
  6. دهدار ابو علی اردستانی
  7. حسین قائنی
  8. Daftary 2007, p. 314-316
  9. کیا مظفر
  10. رشیدالدین فضل‌الله همدانی 1381.
  11. حسام الدين بن دملاج
  12. إبراهيم العجمي
  13. داعی اسماعیل
  14. مؤیدالدین مظفر بن احمد مستوفی
  15. Succeeded as Girdkuh's commandant by his son Sharaf al-Din Muhammad (شرف الدین محمد) after "a long time".
  16. Daftary 2007, p. 320-321
  17. Daftary, Farhad. "GERDKŪH – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  18. ابو حمزه
  19. Daftary 2007, p. 321
  20. کیا ابو جعفر
  21. Daftary 2007, p. 324
  22. کیا ابو علی
  23. Daftary 2007, p. 324
  24. کیا گرشاسب
  25. Daftary 2007, p. 324
  26. کیقباد دیلمی
  27. Daftary 2007, p. 321-324
  28. احمد بن عبدالملک بن عطاش
  29. Daftary 2007, p. 329-330
  30. روشن 1387, p. 111
  31. روشن 1387, p. 111
  32. خواجه محمد ناصحی شهرستانی
  33. کیا محمد بن علی خسرو فیروز
  34. Daftary 2007, p. 355-356
  35. کیا علی بن بزرگ امید
  36. Daftary 2007, p. 355-356
  37. علي بن وفاء
  38. مجدالملک البلاسانی
  39. Daftary 2007, p. 321-324
  40. امیرداد حبشی
  41. Daftary 2007, p. 320-321
  42. Osman Aziz Basan, p.184
  43. Osman Aziz Basan, p.196
  44. Daftary 2007, p. 321
  45. أبو علي طاهر بن سعد المزدقاني
  46. Mirza, Nasseh Ahmad (1997). Syrian Ismailism: The Ever Living Line of the Imamate, AD 1100-1260. Psychology Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7007-0505-4.
  47. Daftary 2007, p. 344
  48. العمید بن منصور (مسعود؟)
  49. Daftary 2007, p. 357
  50. The Nizaris often infiltrated into the Seljuk military; Symposium, Comité international d'études pré-ottomanes et ottomanes (1998). Essays on Ottoman civilization. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. p. 176.
  51. ابو مسلم
  52. Daftary 2007, p. 314
  53. امیر یورنتاش. Misspelled as Turun-Tash. In Turkish: Yorun-Tash
  54. Daftary 2007, p. 318
  55. https://books.google.com/books?id=KwvHBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT166
  56. امیر ارسلان تاش
  57. Daftary 2007, p. 319
  58. امیر قزل سارغ
  59. Daftary 2007, p. 319
  60. انوشتگین
  61. Daftary 2007, p. 324
  62. ابو محمد زعفرانی
  63. Daftary 2007, p. 324
  64. اسکندر صوفی قزوینی
  65. Daftary 2007, p. 324
  66. فخرالدوله چاولی
  67. Daftary 2007, p. 337
  68. انوشتگین شیرگیر
  69. Mirza, Nasseh Ahmad (1997). Syrian Ismailism: The Ever Living Line of the Imamate, AD 1100-1260. Psychology Press. p. 8-12. ISBN 9780700705054.
  70. Daftary 2007, p. 334
  71. Gibb, N. A. R., Editor (1932), The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. Extracted and translated from the Chronicle of ibn al-Qalānisi,  Luzac & Company, London, pp.174-177, 179-180, 187-191
  72. Daftary 2007, p. 349
  73. رازنهان, محمدحسن; خلیلی, مهدی. "تحلیلی بر روابط سیاسی اسماعیلیان نزاری با خلافت عباسی" (PDF). نشریه مطالعات تقریبی مذاهب اسلامی (فروغ وحدت) (in Persian). 0 (32): 26. ISSN 2252-0678.
  74. Cook, David (1 January 2012). "Were the Ismāʿīlī Assassins the First Suicide Attackers? An Examination of Their Recorded Assassinations". The Lineaments of Islam: 97–117. doi:10.1163/9789004231948_007.
  75. Hanne, Eric J. Putting the Caliph in His Place: Power, Authority, and the Late Abbasid Caliphate. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-8386-4113-2.
  76. بزغش
  77. Daftary 2007, p. 329-330
  78. امیر قجق
  79. Daftary 2007, p. 357
  80. محمد بن انز
  81. Daftary 2007, p. 357
  82. علاءالدین محمود
  83. Daftary 2007, p. 357
  84. طمورطغان or تمور طغان (Temur Tughan) or تمور طغیان (Temur Tughyan)
  85. Daftary 2007, p. 345
  86. یرنقش بازدار
  87. اصیل
  88. صاعد بن بديع
  89. مفرج بن الحسن بن الصوفي
  90. يوسف بن فيروز
  91. Daftary 2007, p. 347-348
  92. Daftary 2007, p. 333-334
  93. مصعب بن ملاعب
  94. Daftary 2007, p. 333-334
  95. Daftary 2007, p. 333-334
  96. Porter, Whitworth. A History of the Knights of Malta: Or The Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts. p. 92.
  97. مهدی
  98. Daftary 2007, p. 314-316
  99. رساموج
  100. Daftary 2007, p. 344-345
  101. Daftary 2007, p. 344-345
  102. Daftary 2007, p. 344
  103. Daftary 2007, p. 346

Sources

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