List of military equipment used by Syrian opposition forces

List of military equipment[1][2] used by Syrian opposition forces in the Syrian Civil War. This list does not include equipment used by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and the Syrian Democratic Forces.

Sources

Large equipment like tanks and vehicles are generally captured from Syrian Army supplies, but small arms are likely a mixture of captured Syrian Army weapons, weapons imported by foreign combatants joining the opposition forces, or other sources. These include funding by private donors (notably from the Gulf region) and equipment supplied by friendly nations.

The U.S. supplied a considerable amount of weapons and ammunition, of both American and Soviet-type from Eastern Europe, to Syrian rebel groups under operation Timber Sycamore. For example, Jane's Defence Weekly reported that in December 2015 the U.S. shipped 994 tonnes of weapons and ammunition (including packaging and container weight).[3][4]

Small arms

ModelImageCaliberTypeOriginDetails
Pistols
TT-337.62×25mm TokarevPistol Soviet UnionCommonly used by rebels, captured from the Syrian Arab Army.
Makarov PM9×18mm MakarovPistol Soviet UnionCommonly used by rebels, captured from the Syrian Arab Army.
M1911[5].45 ACPPistol United StatesRarely used by Syrian rebels
Browning Hi-Power9×19mm ParabellumPistol BelgiumIs an apparent popular pistol in Syria.
Kral Arms Canas[6]N/A9 mmBlank pistol TurkeyBlank pistol, possibly converted to fire live rounds. Only has been seen once in the war.
Rifles
Mosin–Nagant7.62×54mmRBolt-action rifle Soviet UnionSeen common service by snipers, who usually put modern optics on it. The Mosin Nagant 1891/30 variant is used most but the M1944 (or Bulgarian 91/59 mosin nagant) carbine are also used, though to a lesser extent.
MAS-36[7]7.5×54mm FrenchBolt-action rifle FranceSeen moderate usage by snipers through 2013–2014 in Aleppo when in July 2013, the FSA (probably 16th Division or some other branch of the FSA. 16th Division did use MAS-36s.)[8] captured large amounts of stockpiled MAS-36s from the Syrian Arab Army. Other rebel groups such as the Al-Tawhid Brigade also captured and used large amounts of MAS-36s captured from the Syrian Arab Army. Most rebel groups stopped using the MAS-36 around 2015 as ammo seemed to ran out.
M1 Garand.30-06 SpringfieldSemi-automatic rifle United StatesVery limited usage. Questionable if it even is in Syria.
SKS 7.62×39mm Semi-automatic rifle  Soviet Union Somewhat uncommon usage. Usually when it is used, it is seen being used by snipers attached with optics.
Type 56 carbine7.62×39mmSemi-automatic rifle People's Republic of ChinaChinese copy of SKS. Used in the same way as the SKS.
Heckler & Koch G3[9][10]7.62×51mm NATOBattle rifle Germany
 Turkey
Sourced from Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Used as an DMR. Used very rarely.
FN FAL[10][11][12]7.62×51mm NATOBattle rifle BelgiumOften used as Marksman Rifle and Operations Specialist Weapon, sourced from Libya and UAE.
M14 rifle[13]7.62×51mm NATOBattle rifle United StatesRare. (Better source needed)
Assault rifles
StG 44[14][15]7.92×33mm KurzAssault rifle Nazi GermanyOn 8 August 2012, the FSA captured around 5,000 from a Syrian Arab Army storage container.
AK-477.62×39mmAssault rifle Soviet UnionIsn't the most common gun in the war, but is used. The AKS-47 variant is also used.[16]
AKM7.62×39mmAssault rifle Soviet UnionThe AKMS variant is seen most (at least in the early part of the war), but the AKM is also seen. One of the most common weapons used in the Syrian Civil War.
Type 567.62×39mmAssault rifle People's Republic of ChinaChinese variant of the Russian AK-47 and AKM. The Type-56 has been seen in use by various rebel groups. The Type-56-1 and Type-56-2 are also seen.
Zastava M707.62×39mmAssault rifle YugoslaviaYugoslavian variant of the Russian AK-47 and AKM.
PM md. 637.62×39mmAssault rifle Socialist Republic of RomaniaUsed commonly in the early part of the war. Isn't seen too commonly now.
AMD 65[17][18]7.62×39mmAssault rifle Hungarian People's RepublicIsn't the most common gun in the war but is used occasionally. Seen more commonly in the early part of the war
vz. 58[19]7.62×39mmAssault rifle CzechoslovakiaRare. Unknown how it got there.
AK-74
AKS-74[20]

5.45×39mmAssault rifle Soviet UnionMostly used by opposition special forces and elite units. Isn't too common elsewhere.
AK-74M5.45×39mmAssault rifle RussiaSome modifited in bulpup configuration[20]
M16A1
M16A2[18]

5.56×45mm NATOAssault rifle United StatesUsed by Division 30, the New Syrian Army, Al-Moutasem Brigade and Euphrates Shield rebels. The M16A1 was used commonly as a marksman rifle in the early parts of the war.
M4[21]5.56×45mm NATOAssault rifle United States
Norinco CQ[22]5.56×45mm NATOAssault rifle People's Republic of China"Where they are coming from is not certain. Iran is known to have purchased CQ rifles and produce it under license, but rifles similar to those seen in the Middle East have been seen and manufactured under license in Sudan, the National Interest report said." said by the Asia times.
FAMAS[23][24]5.56×45mm NATOAssault rifle FranceSeen once in 2013, possibly smuggled out of Lebanon.
Steyr AUG[11]5.56×45mm NATOAssault rifle AustriaOrigin unclear; serial numbers removed. Used by Syrian Opposition special forces.[25][26] Sometimes used by Syrian rebels as a marksman rifle.[27]
IMI Galil[18]5.56×45mm NATOAssault rifle IsraelLimited usage
Sniper rifles and anti-material rifles
Steyr SSG 69[28]7.62×51mm NATOSniper rifle AustriaIs a common bolt action rifle use by Syrian rebels.
M14 EBR[29]7.62×51mm NATODesignated marksman rifle United States
Dragunov SVD7.62×54mmRSniper rifle Soviet UnionThe most common sniper rifle in the war.
Zastava M917.62×54mmRSniper rifle Yugoslavia
PSL7.62×54mmR
7.62×51mm NATO
Designated marksman rifle Socialist Republic of Romania
OSV-96[30]12.7×108mmAnti-materiel rifle Russia
M99[31]N/A12.7×108mmAnti-materiel rifle People's Republic of ChinaSupplied by Qatar.[32] Is one of the most common anti-material rifles used by Syrian rebels.
Sayad-2.50 BMGAnti-materiel rifle IranUnlicensed Iranian produced copy of the Steyr HS .50.
Captured from the Syrian Army.[33]
PTRS-41[34]14.5×114mmAnti-tank rifle Soviet UnionUsed by rebels as an anti-material rifle, has seen very limited use.
Submachine guns
Sterling submachine gun[35] 9×19mm Parabellum Submachine gun  United Kingdom Rare. Unknown how it got there.
Sten[36][18] 9×19mm Parabellum Submachine gun  United Kingdom Possibly leftover from the 1948 arab-israeli war
Sa vz. 23[18][37]7.62×25mm TokarevSubmachine gun Czechoslovakia
MAB 38[38]9×19mm ParabellumSubmachine gun Kingdom of ItalyOnly one has been seen in the war. As of 2017.
MP-40[39]9×19mm ParabellumSubmachine gun Nazi Germany"Few MP-40s have been seen during the Syrian civil war, and of those that have, they appeared a year or two into the conflict. There is a decent chance that these guns were not preexisting in the country at all, but rather brought in after the fighting started. The Saudi-Croatian deal is one possibility (MP-40s were seen during the 1990s fighting in the Balkans) as is Libya, which had bought some WWII-vintage MP-40s from Yugoslavia in the 1980s."
Beretta M12[18]9×19mm ParabellumSubmachine gun Italy
Machine guns
RPD[40][41]7.62×39mmLight machine gun Soviet Union
RPK[42]5.45×39mmLight machine gun Soviet Union
PKM7.62×54mmRGeneral-purpose machine gun Soviet Union
MG-34[13]7.92×57mm MauserGeneral-purpose machine gun Nazi GermanyCaptured from some Syrian stockpiles. Very rare usage but was one of the FSA's first machine guns looted from Syrian army warehouses.
M240B[43]7.62×51mm NATOGeneral-purpose machine gun United StatesUsed by the NSA and Al-Moutasem Brigade and Euphrates Shield forces
FN MAG[44]7.62×51mmGeneral-purpose machine gun Belgium
Ksp 58[18]7.62×51mmGeneral-purpose machine gun Sweden
DShK[3]
Type 54 HMG
12.7×108mmHeavy machine gun Soviet Union
 People's Republic of China
Often mounted on technicals. Sometimes is planted in holes in walls or on flat surfaces when in lack of a tripod.
Chinese copy of DShK.
NSV[45]12.7×108mmHeavy machine gun Soviet UnionRarely used
W85[46]12.7×108mmHeavy machine gun People's Republic of ChinaUsed very commonly.[47] Sometimes is planted in holes in walls or on flat surfaces when in lack of a tripod.[48][49]
KPV[50]14.5×114mmHeavy machine gun Soviet UnionOften mounted on technicals.
M2 Browning[51][52][43].50 BMGHeavy machine gun United StatesUsed by US-backed FSA groups, including the al-Mu'tasim Brigade and the Hamza Division.
M1919 Browning[18][53].30-06 SpringfieldMedium machine gun United StatesSeen at least once in the war. It’s possible it was taken off a disabled Israeli vehicle during the Yom Kippur War or the 1980s fighting in Lebanon.
Vickers machine gun[54].303 BritishHeavy machine gun United KingdomSeen at least once in the war. May or may not be usable.

Grenades, grenade launchers and explosives

ModelImageDiameterTypeOriginDetails
F1[55][56]55 mmHand grenade Soviet UnionThe most common grenade used by the Free Syrian Army and other rebel groups.
Mk 2 grenade59 mmHand grenade United States
M26 grenade57 mmHand grenade United States
RGD-5[57]58 mmHand grenade Soviet UnionThe second most common grenade.
OHG-92[58]65mm[59]Hand grenade  SwitzerlandGrenades originally delivered to the United Arab Emirates in 2003–2004 and then given to Jordan in 2004. Unclear how the hand grenades reached the Syrian rebels.[60]
AGS-17[61]30×29mm grenadeAutomatic grenade launcher Soviet Union
Type 8735×32mm grenadeAutomatic grenade launcher People's Republic of China
Mark 19 grenade launcher40×53mm grenadeAutomatic grenade launcher United StatesSupplied by the United States.
RBG-6[62][63][64]40×46mm grenadeGrenade launcher CroatiaCroatian-produced copy of South African Milkor MGL. Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[65]
Arsenal MSGL[66]40×46mm grenadeGrenade launcher Bulgaria
FN 30318 mmRiot gun BelgiumUsed by Free Syrian Police.
IED[67]Improvised explosive device Syria
Molotov cocktail[67]Incendiary device Syria

Anti-tank weapons

ModelImageDiameterTypeOriginDetails
Shoulder-fired missiles
SPG-82[68]82 mmAnti-tank rocket launcher Soviet Union
RPG-282 mmRecoilless rifle[69] Soviet UnionAlthough the 104th Brigade of the Syrian Republican Guard had used them,[70] there is no proof of the Syrian Opposition using RPG-2s. Syrian rebels did use Chinese Type-69 RPGs which could be mistaken as the RPG-2.[71]
RPG-7[3]40 mm (launcher only, warhead diameter varies)Rocket-propelled grenade Soviet UnionVery common, the most common anti-tank gun in Syria.
RPG-18[72]64 mmRocket-propelled grenade Soviet Union
RPG-22[63]72.5 mmRocket-propelled grenade Soviet UnionSupplied by Saudi Arabia.[65]
RPG-26[73]72.5 mmRocket-propelled grenade Soviet Union
RPG-29[74]105 mmRocket-propelled grenade Soviet Union
RPG-75[75]68 mmRocket-propelled grenade Czechoslovakia
M72 LAW[12]66 mmAnti-tank rocket launcher United StatesTurkish HAR-66 (LAW copy) supplied by Turkey
M79 Osa[63][76]90 mmAnti-tank rocket launcher YugoslaviaSupplied by Saudi Arabia.[65]
RBR-120 mm M90[77]120 mmAnti-tank rocket launcher Serbia
Anti-tank guided weapons
9M14 Malyutka[78][79]125 mmWire-guided anti-tank missile Soviet UnionDesignated AT-3 Sagger by NATO.
9K111 Fagot[3][80][79]120 mmWire-guided anti-tank missile Soviet UnionDesignated AT-4 Spigot by NATO.
9M113 Konkurs[3][81][79]135 mmWire-guided anti-tank missile Soviet UnionCaptured from the Syrian Army and supplied by Saudi Arabia.[82] Designated AT-5 Spandrel by NATO.
9K115 Metis[79] 130 mm Wire-guided anti-tank missile  Soviet Union Designated AT-7 Spriggan by NATO.
9K115-2 Metis-M[83][79]130 mmWire-guided anti-tank missile RussiaDesignated AT-13 Saxhorn-2 by NATO.
9M133 Kornet[84][79]152 mmWire-guided anti-tank missile RussiaDesignated AT-14 Spriggan by NATO.
HJ-8[85][86]120 mmWire-guided anti-tank missile People's Republic of ChinaSupplied by Qatar from Sudan.[87]
MILAN[88][79]115 mmWire-guided anti-tank missile France

 Germany
Captured from the Syrian Army and YPG.[89] Some supplied by Qatar or from Libyan National Army stocks.[90]
BGM-71 TOW[91][79]152 mmWire-guided anti-tank missile United StatesAllegedly supplied by the U.S., but origin remains "unclear"; serial numbers removed.[92] The TOW missile system has seen extensive use during the Hama Offensive by Syrian opposition forces, mainly against armoured vehicles from both the SAA and NDF.

Anti-aircraft weapons

ModelImageDiameterTypeOriginDetails
Towed anti-aircraft guns
ZU-23-2[93][79]23 mmAutocannon Soviet UnionOften mounted on technicals.
37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K)[94]37 mmAutocannon Soviet UnionMounted on technicals.
57 mm AZP S-60[95]57 mmAutocannon Soviet Union
ZPU[67][79]14.5×114mmAnti-aircraft gun Soviet UnionBased on the Soviet 14.5 mm KPV heavy machine gun. Often mounted on technicals.
ZPU-4[79]14.5×114mmAnti-aircraft gun Soviet UnionMostly mounted on technicals.
ZPU-1[79]14.5×114mmAnti-aircraft gun Soviet UnionMounted on technicals.
Self-propelled air defense
ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"[96][79]23 mmSelf-propelled anti-aircraft gun Soviet UnionOften used against ground targets in urban environments.
9K33 Osa[97]209.6 mm 9M33 missileAmphibious SAM system Soviet UnionTwo captured from the Syrian Armed Forces and used by Jaysh al-Islam and Jaysh al-Ahrar.
Man-portable air-defense systems
FN-672 mm People's Republic of ChinaSupplied by Qatar.[98]
9K32 Strela-2[99]72 mmMan-portable air-defense system Soviet UnionDesignated SA-7 Grail by NATO.
9K310 Igla-1[100]72 mmMan-portable air-defense system Soviet UnionDesignated SA-16 Gimlet by NATO.
9K338 Igla-S[101]72 mmMan-portable air-defense system Soviet UnionDesignated SA-24 Grinch by NATO.
FIM-92 Stinger[102]100 mm United StatesTurkey reportedly helped to transport to a limited amount of FIM-92 Stingers to the Free Syrian Army

Artillery and Mortars

ModelImageCaliberTypeOriginDetails
Mortars
82-BM-37[79]82 mmInfantry mortar Soviet Union
2B9M Vasilek[103]82 mmGun-mortar Soviet UnionPossible Chinese copy (W99).
At least one in use by Ansar al-Sham. Unclear origin. Also being used by Syrian Turkmen Brigade.[104][103]
M1938 mortar[79]120 mmInfantry mortar Soviet Union
120-PM-43 mortar120 mmInfantry mortar Soviet Union
Improvised mortarsN/AVariousImprovised mortar/ Syria
Field artillery
10.5 cm leFH 18M105 mmHowitzer Nazi GermanySeen occasional service with rebel groups during the Syrian Civil War, in July 2013 and May 2015.
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30)[79]122mmHowitzer Soviet UnionCaptured during Ramouseh Artillery Base assault by Jaish al Fateh
D-30[79]122 mmHowitzer Soviet UnionCaptured from the Syrian Army
"Hell cannon"[105]N/AVariousImprovised howitzer SyriaImprovised howitzer that fires propane gas cylinders.
Originated with the Ahrar al-Shamal Brigades, now used widely.
M-46[50]130 mmField gun Soviet Union
180 mm gun S-23[106]180mmHeavy gun Soviet UnionCaptured during Ramouseh Artillery Base assault by Jaish al Fateh
152 mm howitzer 2A65[79]152mmHowitzer Soviet Union
Self-propelled artillery
2S1 Gvozdika[107][79]122 mmSelf propelled howitzer Soviet UnionArmed with D-30 howitzer.
2S3 Akatsiya[108]152.4 mmSelf propelled howitzer Soviet UnionArmed with D-22 howitzer.
Recoilless rifles
B-10[79]

Type 65
82 mmRecoilless rifle Soviet Union

 People's Republic of China


Chinese copy of B-10.
M60[63]Recoilless rifle YugoslaviaSupplied by Saudi Arabia.[65]
M40[109]105 mmRecoilless rifle United StatesPossible Iranian copy.
Carl Gustav 84mm[110]84 mmRecoilless rifle Sweden
SPG-9[79]73 mmRecoilless rifle Soviet Union
Rocket artillery
Type 63[83][79]106.7 mmMultiple rocket launcher People's Republic of ChinaPossible Iranian copy.[111]
RAK-12[112][113][114]128 mmMultiple rocket launcher CroatiaCroatian built version of Yugoslavian M-63 Plamen with 12 rockets tubes instead of the original 32. Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[65]
Katyusha[115][116][117]N/AMultiple rocket launcher Soviet Union
BM-21 Grad[118][119][79]122 mmMultiple rocket launcher Soviet UnionInitially captured from the Syrian Army,[120] later supplied by Saudi Arabia from Bulgaria and Poland.[121]
Grad-P122 mmLight portable rocket system Soviet Union
Improvised rocket launchers[67]VariousRocket launcher/ Syria
KhaibarN/A302 mmMultiple rocket launcher People's Republic of China

Syria

Tanks and armoured vehicles

ModelImageTypeOriginDetails
T-54[122][79]Medium tank
Main battle tank
 Soviet UnionCaptured from the Syrian Army, at least one operated by the al-Tawhid Brigade and the Conquest Brigade as of September 2013.
T-55[123][79]Medium tank
Main battle tank
 Soviet UnionCaptured from the Syrian Army.
T-62[124]Main battle tank Soviet UnionCaptured from the Syrian Army. One of the most used tanks used by Syrian rebels.
T-72[125]Main battle tank Soviet UnionCaptured from the Syrian Army. At least 8 operated by Jaysh al-Islam.
Liwa Dawood had another 6, now owned by ISIL.[126]
T-90[127]Main battle tank Russia1 operated by Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki, captured from the Syrian Army.
BMP-1[79]Infantry fighting vehicle Soviet UnionCaptured from the Syrian Army.
BVP-1 AMB-S [128]Field ambulance CzechoslovakiaCaptured from the Syrian Army.
BMP-2Infantry fighting vehicle Soviet UnionTwo BMP-2s were captured from Syrian Army when FSA overran Aleppo's Infantry School and another was destroyed in the fight for Aleppo's Central Prison.[129]
BTR-60PB[130]Wheeled amphibious armoured personnel carrier Soviet UnionCaptured from the Syrian Army.
BRDM-2[131]Amphibious armoured scout car Soviet UnionCaptured from the Syrian Army.
HumveeArmored car United StatesSome captured from ISIS and YPG/SDF.
Improvised fighting vehiclesImprovised fighting vehicle Syrian oppositionExamples are the Sham 1 armored pickup truck and the Sham 2 armored car used by the Al-Ansar Brigade.[132]
Streit CougarInfantry mobility vehicle Canada
Streit TyphoonMRAP Canada
SafirOff-road military light utility vehicle Iran

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