List of naval and land-based operations in Mediterranean Sea area during World War II

This list of World War II military operations is for Mediterranean and Middle Eastern region land operations and operations within the Mediterranean Sea, e.g. naval operations such as Category:Malta Convoys.

Axis

25 (1941) — invasion of Yugoslavia.
- Strafe ("Punishment") (1941) — Bombing of Belgrade by Luftwaffe as part of Operation 25
Achse ("Axis") (1943) — response to Italian defection. Final plan Achse represented combination of plan Schwartz and original plan Achse.
Aida (1942) — Afrika Korps advance into Egypt.
Little Atlas Agadir (1944) —failed operation to fly agents into Morocco
Bodden (1942) — German intelligence activity around Gibraltar
Brandung (1941) — Axis attack toward El Alamein that became the Battle of Alam el Halfa
Capri (1942) — counter-attack at Medenine, Tunisia
Etappenhase (1944) —aborted attempt to establish assault bases along Algerian-Tunisian border
Felix (1940–41) — planned invasion of Gibraltar.
Frühlungswind ("Spring wind") (1943) — attack on CCA/1st at Sidi bou Zid.
Gertrud — planned response in event Turkey joined the Allies.
Herbstnebel 2 (1944) — rejected proposal to withdraw troops in Italy behind the Po River.
Herkules (1942) — planned Axis airborne invasion of Malta.
Isabella (1941) — plans for operations on the Iberian peninsula.
- Ilana (1942) — amended Isabella.
- Gisella (1942) — Isabella renamed.
- Nürnberg (1943) — third and final plan in case of Allied landings in the Iberian peninsula.
Lehrgang ("Training Course") (1943) — evacuation of Sicily following Allied Operation Husky.
Marita (1941) — invasion of Greece.
- Alpenveilchen ("Alpine Violet") (1941) — planned German intervention in Albania
Merkur ("Mercury") (1941) — German invasion of Crete
Mittelmeer ("Mediterrean") (1940–1941) — reinforcement of Regia Aeronautica in Mediterranean by X Fliegerkorps
Morgenluft ("Morning Air") (1941) — occupation of Gafsa
Morgenrote ("Dawn") (1944) — German counterattack against Allied Operation Shingle.
Moro (1941) — refuelling of U-boats by Spain
Ochsenkopf ("Ox head") (1942) —
Otto (1943) — anti-Partisan operation
Skorpion ("Scorpion") (1941) — Axis recapture of Halfaya Pass
Sommernachtstraum ("Summers Night Dream") (1941) —
Sonnenblume (Sun Flower) — movement Afrika Korps troops to North Africa as a result of Compass
Sturmflut ("Storm tide") (1941) —
Theseus (1942) — offensive to drive Allies out of Cyrenaica and Egypt
Wintergewitter ("Winter Storm") (1944) — axis offensive against the American 92nd Infantry Division in the Apennines
Venezia (1941) — axis attack on the Gazala Line

Allies

Abstention (1941) — British attempt to seize the island of Kastelorizo thwarted by Italian forces
Acrobat (1942) — British proposal to attack Tripoli
Abeam (1941) — disinformation operation to convince Italians of the presence of British paratroops in north Africa
Accolade (1943) — proposed British occupation of Rhodes, and subsequently, failed occupation of the Dodecanese
Agreement (1942) — British, Rhodesian and New Zealand raids on several North African targets
- Daffodil (1942) — Tobruk raid
- Hyacinth (1942) — Barce raid
- Snowdrop (1942) — Benghazi raid
- Tulip (1942) — Jalo oasis recapture
Anvil (1944) — Allied invasion of Southern France. Name later changed to Dragoon
Astrologer (1941) — failed attempt to run 2 unescorted transports to Malta
Avalanche (1943) — Allied landings near Salerno, Italy
- Boardman (1943) — deception operation for Avalanche
- Giant II — cancelled landing of U.S. 82nd Airborne near Rome.
Battleaxe (1941) — failed British attack on Axis forces in North Africa to relieve Tobruk
Backbone & Backbone II (1942 & 1943) — contingency plans to occupy Spanish Morocco and area around Gibraltar if Germans entered Spain
- Ballast (?) — plan to support Gibraltar
- Blackthorn (?) — plan to support Gibraltar
- Challenger (?) — plan to seize Ceuta
Baritone (1942) — delivery of 32 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Furious
Baytown (1943) — Allied landings in Calabria, Italy
- Slapstick (1943) — British landings at Taranto
Begonia (1943) — airborne part of attempted British POW rescue in Italy
Bellows (1942) — delivery of 38 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Furious
Bowery (1942) — delivery of 64 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle and USS Wasp
Brasso (1942) — scheme for safe unloading and dispersal of ships' cargo at Malta
Brevity (1941) — British capture of Halfaya Pass, Egypt
Buffalo (1944) — breakout from the Anzio beachhead
Calendar (1942) — delivery of 47 Spitfires to Malta from USS Wasp
Callboy (1941) — delivery of Swordfish and Albacores to Malta from HMS Argus
Candytuft (1943) — SAS operation to destroy rail bridge between Pesaro and Fano
Canuck (1945) — SAS operation to disrupt enemy communications in north-west Italy
Chaucer (1944) — SAS operation to disrupt enemy communications in north-west Italy
Chesterfield (1944) — assault on Hitler Line
Coat (1940) —passage of naval reinforcements through the Mediterranean
Cold Comfort (1945) — failed SAS raid to block rail route through Brenner Pass
Collar (1940) — naval reinforcements from Gibraltar to Egypt, carrying supplies and personnel for Malta and Egypt.
Colossus (1941) — experimental airborne raid on Italian aqueduct near Calitri in southern Italy
Compass (1940) — British counteroffensive in North Africa
Corkscrew (1943) — Allied occupation of Pantellaria
Crusader (1941) — British relief of Tobruk
- Chieftain (1941) — attempt to divert German aircraft with a decoy convoy from Gibraltar
- Landmark (1941) — diversion with a non-existent convoy to Malta
Crupper (1942) — failed attempt to run two unescorted freighters into Malta
Demon (1941) — evacuation of Allied troops from Greece
Devon (1943) — Special Raiding Squadron attack on Termoli
Diadem (1944) — Successful Allied assault on German Gustav Line defences in Italy.
- Strangle (1944) — Allied bombing of German supply lines, in preparation for operation Diadem.
Dragoon (1944) — Allied landing in southern France
- Dove — gliderborne component of Dragoon
- Romeo — Free French assault on German coastal battery
- Rosie — Free French commando raid near Théoule-sur-Mer
- Rugby — Airborne portion of Dragoon
- Sitka — 1st Special Services Force assault on Îles d'Hyères
- Span — deception operation in support of Dragoon
Dunlop (1941) — delivery of 24 Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Ark Royal (1 lost en route)
Encore (1945) — Allied assault on mountain positions in Italy
Excess (1941) — Malta convoy to reinforce Greece and Malta
- MC4 (1941) — shipping movements to and from Malta
Exporter (1941) — Allied invasion of Vichy-controlled Syria and Lebanon
Fustian (1943) — British airborne capture of a bridge on Sicily
Galia (1944) — British SAS operation in northwestern Italy in support of the US 5th Army
Grog (1941) — bombardment of Genoa
Guillotine (1941) — transfer of troops to Cyprus
Guillotine (1943) — Allied advance from Cyrenaica to Tripolitania
Gymnast — early name for Operation Torch
Halberd (1941) — Malta convoy via Gibraltar
Hawthorn (1943) — Special Boat Service raid on Sardinia
Hats (1940) — attempt to provoke Italians into a fleet action and supplies for Malta and Egypt from Gibraltar
- Squawk (1940) — radio transmissions by destroyers, intended to mislead or confuse Italians
Hide (1940) — movements by Force H to cover convoy and escort HMS Malaya to Gibraltar (linked to Operation MC2)
- Seek (1940) — anti-submarine sweep ahead of Hide
Hurry (1940) — delivery of 12 Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Argus
- Spark (1940) — diversionary radio transmissions by HMS Enterprise
Husky (1943) — Allied invasion of Sicily
- Chestnut (1943) — failed SAS operation to disrupt enemy communications in northern Sicily
- Ladbroke (1943) — British glider landing near Syracuse, Sicily
- Mincemeat (1943) — Disinformation operation prior to the invasion of Sicily
  - Brimstone (1943) — fictional invasion of Sardinia, part of cover for Husky
- Narcissus (1943) — British SAS raid on a lighthouse in Sicily
Insect (1942) — delivery of 28 Spitfires from HMS Eagle
Jonquil (1943) — seaborne part of attempted British POW rescue in Italy (see also: Begonia)
Judgement (1940) — British air attack on Italian fleet in Taranto harbour
Julius (1942) — coordinated supply convoys to Malta
- Harpoon (1942) — Malta convoy from Gibraltar
- Salient (1942) — delivery of Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle
- Style (1942) — delivery of Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle
- Vigorous (1942) — Malta convoy from Alexandria
  - Rembrandt (1942) — Malta convoy from Alexandria, early portion of Vigorous
LB (1942) — delivery of 16 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle
Lightfoot (1942) — first attack by the British and Australians at El Alamein
- Bertram (1942) — deception operation in preparation for the Second Battle of El Alamein
- Supercharge (1942) — second stage attack by British and New Zealanders at El Alamein
Lustre (1941) — Allied reinforcement of Greece
Mandibles (1941) a planned 1940/1941 British amphibious assault on Rhodes, Leros and the Dodecanese Islands in the Aegean Sea.
Manna (1944) — Allied re-occupation of Greece and Aegean Islands
Marigold (1943) — unsuccessful SAS/SBS mission to snatch a prisoner from Sardinia
MB8 (1940) — passage of convoys from Alexandria to Malta and from Port Said to Crete
- Barbarity (1940) — carriage of military personnel and equipment by cruiser to Suda Bay
MC2 (1940) — passage westwards of HMS Malaya (linked to Operation Hide)
Mincemeat (1942) return of empty Pedestal merchantmen from Malta
Outing & Outing II (1944) — anti-shipping operations in Aegean Sea
Pedestal (1942) — Allied convoy from Gibraltar to Malta.
- Ascendant (1942) — escort of freighters from Malta
- Bellows (1942) — delivery of Spitfires to Malta from HMS Furious
- Berserk (1942) — exercise to establish fleet air tactics
- Ceres (1942) — scheme for safe unloading and dispersal of Pedestal cargoes at Malta
Perpetual (1941) — delivery of aircraft to Malta
Picket (1942) — delivery of 16 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle and Argus
Pilgrim (1941) — contingency plan to seize Canary Islands
Pinpoint (1942) — delivery run to Malta by HMS Welshman
Propeller (1941) — passage of Empire Guillemot to Malta
Portcullis (1942) — convoy from Alexandria to Malta
Pugilist (1943) — Allied attack on Mareth Line and advance to Sfax
Puma (1941) — contingency plan to seize Canary Islands
Quadrangle (1942) — three convoy movements to and from Malta
Railway (1941) — delivery of Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Furious and HMS Ark Royal in 2 phases
Rocket (1941) — delivery of Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Furious and HMS Ark Royal
Roast (1945) — action by British Commandos at Comacchio lagoon, north east Italy
Sapphic (?) — plan to support Gibraltar
Salient (1941) — delivery of 32 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle
Saxifrage (1943) — four parties from 2 SAS to destroy the railway line between Ancona and Pescara
Shingle (1944) — Allied landings at Anzio
- Chettyford — deception plan to support Shingle
- Maple (1944) — several SAS operations to cut railways in Italy in support of Anzio landings
  - Baobab (1945) — SAS operation to destroy rail bridge between Pesaro and Fano
  - Driftwood (1944) — failed raid on rail targets
  - Thistledown (1944) — raid on rail targets near Terni and Orvieto
- Pomegranate (1944) — SAS raid in support of Shingle
Speedwell (1945) — Behind enemy lines operation by the British Special Air Service to disrupt rail communications in northern Italy.
Splice (1941) — delivery of Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Furious and HMS Ark Royal
Spotter (1942) — delivery of 15 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle and Argus
Status 1 (1941) — delivery of 26 Hurricanes and a Swordfish to Malta from HMS Ark Royal
Status 2 (1941) — delivery of Hurricanes and a Swordfish to Malta from HMS Ark Royal and Furious
Stone Age (or: Stoneage) (1942) — Malta convoy from Alexandria
Substance (1941) — Malta convoy
Sunrise (1945) — negotiations leading to German surrender in Italy.
Supercharge II (1942) — the breakthrough at Tebaga Gap, Tunisia
Survey (1943) — Malta convoy from Alexandria
Temple (1941) — failed attempt to run a merchant ship (Parracombe) to Malta
Tiger (1941) — Malta convoy via Gibraltar
Tombola (1945) — SAS raid in Italy
Torch (1942) — Allied landings in Morocco and Algeria originally titled Gymnast.
- Blackstone (1942) — US assault on Safi, Morocco
- Brushwood (1942) — US assault on Fedala
- Goalpost (1942) — US assault on Port Lyautey (now Kenitra)
- Perpetual (1942) — British landings at Cap Carbon
- Reservist (1942) — failed Allied attack on Oran
Tracer (1941) — delivery of 48 Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Ark Royal and Victorious
Train (1942) — delivery of 29 Spitfires to Malta from Furious
Vesuve (1943) — Free French landings in Corsica.
Vulcan (1943) — Final Allied assault on Axis forces trapped around Tunis.
White (1940) — delivery of 12 Hurricanes to Malta (4 arrive, 8 lost en route)
Winch (1940) — delivery of 12 Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Ark Royal
Wop (1943) — US 1st Division occupies Gafsa
Zombie (1945) — Operation Cold Comfort, renamed.

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