List of physical properties of glass

This is a list of some physical properties of common glasses. Unless otherwise stated, the technical glass compositions and many experimentally determined properties are taken from one large study.[1] Unless stated otherwise, the properties of fused silica (quartz glass) and germania glass are derived from the SciGlass glass database by forming the arithmetic mean of all the experimental values from different authors (in general more than 10 independent sources for quartz glass and Tg of germanium oxide glass).

The list is not exhaustive.

Properties Soda-lime glass (for containers)[2] Borosilicate (low expansion, similar to Pyrex, Duran) Glass wool (for thermal insulation) Special optical glass (similar to
Lead crystal)		 Fused silica Germania glass Germanium selenide glass
Chemical
composition,
wt%		 74 SiO2, 13 Na2O, 10.5 CaO, 1.3 Al2O3, 0.3 K2O, 0.2 SO3, 0.2 MgO, 0.01 TiO2, 0.04 Fe2O3 81 SiO2, 12.5 B2O3, 4 Na2O, 2.2 Al2O3, 0.02 CaO, 0.06 K2O 63 SiO2, 16 Na2O, 8 CaO, 3.3 B2O3, 5 Al2O3, 3.5 MgO, 0.8 K2O, 0.3 Fe2O3, 0.2 SO3 41.2 SiO2, 34.1 PbO, 12.4 BaO, 6.3 ZnO, 3.0 K2O, 2.5 CaO, 0.35 Sb2O3, 0.2 As2O3 SiO2 GeO2 GeSe2
Viscosity
log(η, Pa·s) = A +
B / (T in °C - To)		 550–1450 °C:
A = -2.309
B = 3922
To = 291		 550–1450 °C:
A = -2.834
B = 6668
To = 108		 550–1400 °C:
A = -2.323
B = 3232
To = 318		 500–690 °C:
A = -35.59
B = 60930
To = -741		 1140–2320 °C:
A = -7.766
B = 27913
To = -271.7		 515–1540 °C:
A = -11.044
B = 30979
To = −837
Glass transition
temperature, Tg, °C		 573 536 551 ~540 1140 526 ± 27[3][4][5] 395 [6]
Coefficient of
thermal expansion,
ppm/K, ~100–300 °C		 9 3.5 10 7 0.55 7.3
Density
at 20 °C, [g/cm3], x1000 to get [kg/m3]		 2.52 2.235 2.550 3.86 2.203 3.65 [7] 4.16 [6]
Refractive index nD[8] at 20 °C 1.518 1.473 1.531 1.650 1.459 1.608 1.7
Dispersion at 20 °C,
104×(nF - nC)[8]		 86.7 72.3 89.5 169 67.8 145
Young's modulus
at 20 °C, GPa		 72 65 75 67 72 43.3 [9]
Shear modulus
at 20 °C, GPa		 29.8 28.2 26.8 31.3
Liquidus
temperature, °C		 1040 1070[10] 1715 1115
Heat
capacity at 20 °C,
J/(mol·K)		 49 50 50 51 44 52
Surface tension,
at ~1300 °C, mJ/m2		 315 370 290
Chemical durability,
Hydrolytic class,
after ISO 719[11]		 3 1 3

References
  1. "High temperature glass melt property database for process modeling"; Eds.: Thomas P. Seward III and Terese Vascott; The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 2005, ISBN 1-57498-225-7
  2. Soda-lime glass for containers is slightly different from soda-lime glass for windows (also called flat glass or float glass). Float glass has a higher magnesium oxide content as compared to container glass, and a lower silica and calcium oxide content. For further details see main article Soda-lime glass.
  3. A.J. Leadbettera and A.C. Wrigh (1972). "Diffraction studies of glass structure: II. The structure of vitreous germania". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 7 (1): 37–52. Bibcode:1972JNCS....7...37L. doi:10.1016/0022-3093(72)90016-6.
  4. M. Micoulaut; et al. (2006). "Simulated structural and thermal properties of glassy and liquid germania". Physical Review E. 73 (3): 031504. Bibcode:2006PhRvE..73c1504M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.73.031504. PMID 16605529.
  5. 35 Tg data for GeO2 from SciGlass 6.7
  6. Kotkata; El-Shair, H T; Afifi, M A; Abdel-Aziz, M M; et al. (1994). "Effect of thallium on the optical properties of amorphous GeSe2 and GeSe4 films". J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 27 (3): 623–627. Bibcode:1994JPhD...27..623K. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/27/3/031.
  7. P. S. Salmon; et al. (2006). "Glass Fragility and Atomic Ordering on the Intermediate and Extended Range". Physical Review Letters. 96 (23): 235502. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..96w5502S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.235502. PMID 16803382.
  8. The subscript D indicates that the refractive index n was measured at a wavelength λ of 589.29 nm, F and C indicate 486.13 nm (blue) and 656.27 nm (red) respectively (see article Fraunhofer lines)
  9. L. G. Hwa and W.C. Chao (2005). "Velocity of sound and elastic properties of lanthanum gallo-germanate glasses". Materials Chemistry and Physics. 94: 37–41. Bibcode:2005APS..MARU26006H. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.04.010.
  10. Valid for glass composition, wt%: 80.7 SiO2, 13.1 B2O3, 4.1 Na2O, 2.1 Al2O3; Reference: Baak N. T. E. A. and Rapp C. F., GB Patent No. 1132885 Cl C 03 C 3/04, Abridg. Specif., 1968; Assignee: Owens-Illinois, Inc. (US).
  11. International Organization for Standardization, Procedure 719 (1985)
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