List of reptiles of North America

This is a checklist of American reptiles found north from Mexico, based primarily on SSAR publications.[1][2][3] It includes all species of the United States and Canada, including recently introduced species such as Chameleons, the Nile monitor, and the Burmese python. Subspecies are listed only in a few cases. The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site.[4]

* alien species

Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX – Extinct, EW – Extinct in the wild

CR – Critically endangered, EN – Endangered, VU – Vulnerable

NT – Near threatened, LC – Least concern

DD – Data deficient, NE – Not evaluated

(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014[5])

and Endangered Species Act:

E – Endangered, T – Threatened

XN, XE – Experimental non-essential or essential population

E(S/A), T(S/A) – Endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance

(the data is current as of March 28, 2014[6])

Order: Crocodylia

American alligator
Alligator mississippiensis

Family: Alligatoridae

Alligators

• American alligator Alligator mississippiensis LR/lc T(S/A)
• Spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus * LR/lc

Family: Crocodylidae

Subfamily: Crocodylinae

Crocodiles

• American crocodile Crocodylus acutus VU E (FL: T only)

Order: Testudines (Turtles)

Suborder: Cryptodira

Family: Testudinidae Tortoises

Mohave Desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii

Gopher tortoises

• Gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus VU T
• Berlandier’s tortoise Gopherus berlandieri LR/lc
• Bolson tortoise Gopherus flavomarginatus VU
• Mohave Desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii VU T
  (AZ south and east of Colorado R.: T(S/A) only) and:

• Sonoran Desert tortoise Gopherus morafkai (formerly in G. agassizii)

Typical tortoises

• Indian star tortoise Geochelone elegans * [7][n 1]

Family: Emydidae Pond turtles

Subfamily: Emydinae

Pond turtles

• Species split from former Western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata) VU:[3]

• Northwestern pond turtle Actinemys (marmorata) marmorata [n 2]
• Southwestern pond turtle Actinemys (marmorata) pallida [n 2]

• Spotted turtle Clemmys guttata EN
• Wood turtle Glyptemys insculpta EN
• Bog turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii CR T
  (GA, NC, SC, TN, VA: T(S/A) only)

Blanding's turtle

• Blanding’s turtle Emydoidea blandingii EN

Box turtles

• Eastern box turtle Terrapene carolina VU and:

• Florida box turtle Terrapene (carolina) bauri [n 2] (formerly in T. carolina)

• Ornate box turtle Terrapene ornata NT

Subfamily: Deirochelyinae

Black-knobbed map turtle
Graptemys nigrinoda hatchlings

Sliders

• Pond slider Trachemys scripta LC
• Mexican plateau slider Trachemys gaigeae VU
• Jamaican slider Trachemys terrapen * [7] VU[n 1]

Painted turtles

• Painted turtle Chrysemys picta LC and:

• Southern painted turtle Chrysemys dorsalis [n 2] (formerly in Ch. picta)

Chicken turtles

• Chicken turtle Deirochelys reticularia

Map turtles

• Barbour’s map turtle Graptemys barbouri VU
• Cagle’s map turtle Graptemys caglei EN
• Escambia map turtle Graptemys ernsti NT
• Yellow-blotched map turtle Graptemys flavimaculata VU T
• Northern map turtle Graptemys geographica LC
• Pascagoula map turtle Graptemys gibbonsi EN and:

• Pearl river map turtle Graptemys pearlensis EN [3] (formerly in G. gibbonsi)

• Black-knobbed map turtle Graptemys nigrinoda LC
• Ringed map turtle Graptemys oculifera VU T
• Species split from the Ouachita map turtle (Graptemys ouachitensis) LC:

• Ouachita map turtle Graptemys (ouachitensis) ouachitensis [3][n 2]
• Sabine map turtle Graptemys (ouachitensis) sabinensis [3][n 2]

• False map turtle Graptemys pseudogeographica LC
• Alabama map turtle Graptemys pulchra NT
• Texas map turtle Graptemys versa LC

Diamond-backed terrapin

• Diamond-backed terrapin Malaclemys terrapin LR/nt

Redbelly turtles and cooters

• Alabama red-bellied cooter Pseudemys alabamensis EN E
• River cooter Pseudemys concinna LC and:

• Suwannee cooter Pseudemys suwanniensis [n 2] (formerly in P. concinna)

• Rio Grande cooter Pseudemys gorzugi NT
• Florida red-bellied cooter Pseudemys nelsoni LC
• Peninsula cooter Pseudemys peninsularis LC
• Northern red-bellied cooter Pseudemys rubriventris NT (Plymouth red-bellied turtle P. r. bangsi: E)
• Texas cooter Pseudemys texana LC

Family: Cheloniidae

Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas

• Olive Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea VU T
• Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta EN (North Pacific: E, Northwest Atlantic: T)
• Kemp's Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys kempii CR E
• Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas EN T
  (Hawaiian subpopulation: LC, Breeding colony populations in FL: E)
• Hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata CR E

Family: Dermochelyidae

• Leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea VU E
  (East Pacific Ocean subpopulation – i.e. Hawaiian Is.: CR, West Pacific Ocean subpopulation: CR, Northwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation: LC)

Family: Chelydridae

Snapping turtles

• Snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina LC

Alligator snapping turtles

• Species split from the Alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) VU:

• Alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys temminckii [3] including:

• Apalachicola alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys apalachicolae [n 3] (currently not recognized)

• Suwannee alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys suwanniensis [3]

Family: Kinosternidae

Mud turtles

• Arizona mud turtle Kinosternon (flavescens) stejnegeri[7][n 3]
  (formerly Kinosternon arizonense[3] LC)
• Striped mud turtle Kinosternon baurii LC
• Yellow mud turtle Kinosternon flavescens LC
• Rough-footed mud turtle Kinosternon hirtipes LC
• Sonora mud turtle Kinosternon sonoriense NT
• Species split from the Eastern mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum) LC:

• Eastern mud turtle Kinosternon subrubrum [3]
• Florida mud turtle Kinosternon (subrubrum) steindachneri [3][n 2]

Musk turtles

Spiny softshell Apalone spinifera

• Razor-backed musk turtle Sternotherus carinatus LC
• Flattened musk turtle Sternotherus depressus CR T
• Loggerhead musk turtle Sternotherus minor LC and:

• Stripe-necked musk turtle Sternotherus (minor) peltifer [7][n 4][n 3] (split from S. minor)

• Intermediate musk turtle Sternotherus intermedius[7][n 3]
• Eastern musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus LC

Giant musk turtles

• Pacific Coast Giant Musk Turtle Staurotypus salvinii * [3] NT

Family: Trionychidae Softshells

• Florida softshell Apalone ferox LC
• Smooth softshell Apalone mutica LC
• Spiny softshell Apalone spinifera LC
• Wattle-necked softshell Palea steindachneri * EN (Hawaii only)
• Chinese softshell Pelodiscus sinensis * VU (Hawaii only)

Suborder: Pleurodira

Family: Podocnemididae Side-necked turtles

• Yellow-spotted Amazon River turtle Podocnemis unifilis * [7] VU[n 1]

Order: Squamata (scaled reptiles)

Suborder: Iguania

Family: Agamidae Agamas

Subfamily: Agaminae

• Peters’s Rock Agama Agama picticauda * [3]
• Indochinese bloodsucker Calotes mystaceus * [1][7][n 1]
• Variable bloodsucker Calotes versicolor * LC

Subfamily: Leiolepidinae

• Butterfly lizard Leiolepis belliana *
• Red-banded butterfly lizard Leiolepis rubritaeniata *

Family: Chamaeleonidae Chameleons

Subfamily: Chamaeleoninae

• Veiled chameleon Chamaeleo calyptratus * LC
• Jackson's chameleon Trioceros jacksonii *
• Oustalet's chameleon Furcifer oustaleti * LC
• Panther Chameleon Furcifer pardalis * [3] LC

Family: Crotaphytidae Collared and leopard lizards

Eastern collared lizard
Crotaphytus collaris

Collared lizards

• Great Basin collared lizard Crotaphytus bicinctores LC
• Eastern collared lizard Crotaphytus collaris LC
• Sonoran collared lizard Crotaphytus nebrius LC
• Reticulate collared lizard Crotaphytus reticulatus VU
• Baja California collared lizard Crotaphytus vestigium LC

Leopard lizards

• Cope’s leopard lizard Gambelia copeii LC
• Blunt-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia sila EN E
• Long-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia wislizenii LC

Family: Iguanidae Iguanas

Common Chuckwalla Sauromalus ater

• Isla San Esteban spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura conspicuosa *
• Sonoran spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura macrolopha *
• Mexican spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura pectinata *
• Gray's spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura similis * LC
• Desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis LC
• Green iguana Iguana iguana *

Chuckwallas

• Common chuckwalla Sauromalus ater LC

Family: Phrynosomatidae

Zebratail lizards

• Zebra-tailed lizard Callisaurus draconoides LC

Greater earless lizards

• Greater earless lizard Cophosaurus texanus LC

Lesser earless lizards

• Species split from the spot-tailed earless lizard (Holbrookia lacerata) NT:

• Northern Spot-tailed Earless Lizard Holbrookia lacerata [n 5]
• Southern spot-tailed earless lizard Holbrookia (lacerata) subcaudalis[7][n 4][n 3]

• Species split from the common lesser earless lizard (Holbrookia maculata):

• Common lesser earless lizard Holbrookia maculata LC and:

• Speckled earless lizard Holbrookia (maculata) approximans[8][n 5][n 3] (currently not recognized,[7] split from H. maculata)

• Elegant earless lizard Holbrookia elegans LC

• Keeled earless lizard Holbrookia propinqua LC

Banded rock lizards

• Mearns’s rock lizard Petrosaurus mearnsi LC

Horned lizards

Desert Horned Lizard
Phrynosoma platyrhinos

• Texas horned lizard Phrynosoma cornutum LC and:

• Blainville's horned lizard Phrynosoma blainvillii (formerly in P. cornutum)

• Short-horned lizards (Phrynosoma douglasii species complex):[9]

• Pygmy short-horned lizard Phrynosoma douglasii LC
• Species treated by SSAR as subspecies[3] of the greater short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma hernandesi) LC

• Hernandez’s short-horned lizard Phrynosoma hernandesi[9]
• Plains short-horned lizard Phrynosoma brevirostris[7][9][n 3]
• New Mexico short-horned lizard Phrynosoma ornatissimum[7][9][n 3]
• Baur’s short-horned lizard Phrynosoma bauri[7][9][n 3]
• San Luis Valley short-horned lizard Phrynosoma diminutum[7][9][n 3]

• Desert horned lizard Phrynosoma platyrhinos LC and:

• Goode's horned lizard Phrynosoma goodei (formerly in Phrynosoma platyrhinos)

• Flat-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma mcallii NT
• Round-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma modestum LC
• Regal horned lizard Phrynosoma solare LC

Spiny lizards

• Dunes sagebrush lizard Sceloporus arenicolus VU
• Desert spiny lizard Sceloporus magister LC and:

• Twin-spotted spiny lizard Sceloporus bimaculosus (formerly in Sceloporus magister)

• Yellow-backed spiny lizard Sceloporus uniformis (formerly in Sceloporus magister)
• Clark's spiny lizard Sceloporus clarkii LC
• Species split from the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) LC:

• Eastern fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus
• Prairie lizard Sceloporus consobrinus
• Southwestern fence lizard Sceloporus cowlesi
• Plateau fence lizard Sceloporus tristichus

• Rough-scaled lizard Sceloporus serrifer LC [7][n 3] and:

• Blue spiny lizard Sceloporus cyanogenys [n 2] (formerly in Sceloporus serrifer LC)

• Common sagebrush lizard Sceloporus graciosus LC and:

• Southern sagebrush lizard Sceloporus (graciosus) vandenburgianus LC [10][n 4][n 3] (split from S. graciosus)

• Graphic spiny lizard Sceloporus grammicus LC
• Yarrow’s spiny lizard Sceloporus jarrovii LC
• Canyon lizard Sceloporus merriami LC
• Western fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis LC and:

• Island fence lizard Sceloporus (occidentalis) becki[7][n 4][n 3] (split from S. occidentalis)

• Texas spiny lizard Sceloporus olivaceus LC
• Granite spiny lizard Sceloporus orcutti LC
• Crevice spiny lizard Sceloporus poinsettii LC
• Slevin's bunchgrass lizard Sceloporus slevini LC
• Rose-bellied lizard Sceloporus variabilis LC, but only:
  • Texas rose-bellied lizard Sceloporus (variabilis) marmoratus[7][n 4][n 3] (split from S. variabilis)
• Striped plateau lizard Sceloporus virgatus LC
• Florida scrub lizard Sceloporus woodi NT
• Ornate spiny lizard Sceloporus ornatus[7] NT[n 1]

Fringe-toed lizards

• Coachella fringe-toed lizard Uma inornata EN T
• Colorado Desert fringe-toed lizard Uma notata NT and:

• Yuman fringe-toed lizard Uma rufopunctata NT (formerly in U. notata)

• Mohave fringe-toed lizard Uma scoparia LC

Tree and brush lizards

• Long-tailed brush lizard Urosaurus graciosus LC
• Small-scaled lizard Urosaurus microscutatus (formerly merged with U. nigricaudus LC)[3]
• Ornate tree lizard Urosaurus ornatus LC

Side-blotched lizards

• Common sideblotched lizard Uta stansburiana LC

Family: Dactyloidae Anoles

Green anole Anolis carolinensis

Anoles

• Green anole Anolis carolinensis LC
• Hispaniolan green anole Anolis chlorocyanus *
• Large-headed anole Anolis cybotes *
• Knight anole Anolis equestris *
• Cuban green anole Anolis porcatus *
• Crested anole Anolis cristatellus *
• Species split from the bark anole (Anolis distichus):

• Bark anole Anolis distichus * [n 6]
• Anolis (distichus) dominicensis * [7][n 4][n 1]
• Anolis (distichus) ignigularis * [7][n 4][n 1]

• Allison's anole Anolis allisoni * [7][n 1]
• Comb anole Anolis ferreus *
• Jamaican giant anole Anolis garmani *
• Brown anole Anolis sagrei *
• Saint Vincent's bush anole Anolis trinitatis *

Family: Polychrotidae

• Many-colored bush anole Polychrus marmoratus * (probably introduced)[7][n 1]

Family: Corytophanidae Casquehead lizards

• Brown basilisk Basiliscus vittatus *

Family: Leiocephalidae Curly-tailed lizards

• Northern curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus carinatus * LC
• Red-sided curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus schreibersii * LC

Suborder: Gekkota

Family: Gekkonidae geckos

Subfamily: Gekkoninae

Texas banded gecko
Coleonyx brevis

• Moorish gecko Tarentola mauritanica * LC
• Ringed wall gecko Tarentola annularis *
• Common house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus * LC
• Indo-Pacific house gecko Hemidactylus garnotii * [n 7]
• Wood slave Hemidactylus mabouia *
• Sri Lankan spotted house gecko Hemidactylus parvimaculatus *
• Asian flat-tailed house gecko Hemidactylus platyurus *
• Mediterranean gecko Hemidactylus turcicus * [3] LC
• Indo-Pacific tree gecko Hemiphyllodactylus typus * [n 7] (Hawaii only)
• Peninsula leaf-toed gecko Phyllodactylus nocticolus LC
  (sometimes treated as subspecies of the Xantus' leaf-toed gecko Phyllodactylus xanti LC [n 3])
• Reef gecko Sphaerodactylus notatus LC
• Ocellated gecko Sphaerodactylus argus *
• Ashy gecko Sphaerodactylus elegans *
• Gray gecko Sphaerodactylus cinereus[7] VU[n 3]
• Bibron's sand gecko Chondrodactylus bibronii * [1][7][n 3]
• Rough-tailed gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum * LC
• Mutilating gecko Gehyra mutilata * (Hawaii only)
• Golden gecko Gekko badenii' * DD
• Tokay gecko Gekko gecko *
• Yellow-headed gecko Gonatodes albogularis *
• Mourning gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris * [n 7]
• Madagascan giant day gecko Phelsuma grandis * LC
• Orange-spotted day gecko Phelsuma guimbeaui * (Hawaii only)
• Gold dust day gecko Phelsuma laticauda * LC

Subfamily: Eublepharinae

Banded geckos

• Texas banded gecko Coleonyx brevis LC
• Reticulate banded gecko Coleonyx reticulatus LC
• Switak's banded gecko Coleonyx switaki LC
• Western banded gecko Coleonyx variegatus LC

Suborder: Autarchoglossa

Family: Lacertidae Wall or true lizards

Subfamily: Lacertinae

• Western green lacerta Lacerta bilineata * LC
• Common wall lizard Podarcis muralis * LC
• Italian wall lizard Podarcis siculus * LC

Family: Scincidae Skinks

Subfamily: Scincinae

• Coal skink Plestiodon anthracinus LC
• Mountain skink Plestiodon callicephalus LC
• Mole skink Plestiodon egregius LC (Blue-tailed mole skink P. e. lividus: T)
• Five-lined skink Plestiodon fasciatus LC
• Gilbert’s skink Plestiodon gilberti LC
• Southeastern five-lined skink Plestiodon inexpectatus LC
• Broad-headed skink Plestiodon laticeps LC
• Many-lined skink Plestiodon multivirgatus LC
• Great Plains skink Plestiodon obsoletus LC
• Prairie skink Plestiodon septentrionalis LC
• Western skink Plestiodon skiltonianus LC
• Four-lined skink Plestiodon tetragrammus LC
• Florida sand skink Plestiodon reynoldsi VU T
• Ocellated skink Chalcides ocellatus * [3]

Subfamily: Lygosominae

• Brown mabuya Mabuya multifasciata *
• Little brown skink Scincella lateralis LC
• Pacific snake-eyed skink Cryptoblepharus poecilopleurus * (Hawaii only)
• Copper-tailed skink Emoia cyanura * (Hawaii only)
• Azure-tailed skink Emoia impar * LC (Hawaii only)
• Plague skink Lampropholis delicata * (Hawaii only)
• Moth skink Lipinia noctua * (Hawaii only)
• African five-lined skink Trachylepis quinquetaeniata *

Family: Anguidae

Eastern Glass Lizard
Ophisaurus ventralis

Subfamily: Anguinae

Glass lizards

• Slender glass lizard Ophisaurus attenuatus LC
• Island glass lizard Ophisaurus compressus LC
• Mimic glass lizard Ophisaurus mimicus LC
• Eastern glass lizard Ophisaurus ventralis LC

Subfamily: Gerrhonotinae

Western alligator lizards

• Northern alligator lizard Elgaria coerulea LC
• Madrean alligator lizard Elgaria kingii LC
• Southern alligator lizard Elgaria multicarinata LC
• Panamint alligator lizard Elgaria panamintina VU

Eastern alligator lizards

• Texas alligator lizard Gerrhonotus infernalis LC

Family: Anniellidae American legless lizards

California legless lizards

• Species split from the California legless lizard (Anniella pulchra) LC:

• Temblor legless lizard Anniella alexanderae [3]
• Big Spring legless lizard Anniella campi [3]
• Bakersfield legless lizard Anniella grinnelli [3]
• Northern legless lizard Anniella pulchra [3]
• San Diegan legless lizard Anniella stebbinsi [3]

Family: Helodermatidae Gila monsters

Gila monster at the Bristol Zoo

Gila monster

• Gila monster Heloderma suspectum NT

Family: Teiidae Tegus or whiptails

• Giant ameiva Ameiva ameiva *
• Dusky giant ameiva Ameiva praesignis *
• Species split from the canyon spotted whiptail (Aspidoscelis burti) LC:

• Giant spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis (burti) stictogramma [n 2]
• Red-backed whiptail Aspidoscelis xanthonota [n 2]

• Chihuahuan spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis exsanguis LC [n 7]
• Common spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis gularis LC
• Orange-throated whiptail Aspidoscelis hyperythra LC
• Species split from Aspidoscelis inornata:

• Little striped whiptail Aspidoscelis inornata LC (diploid) and:

• Little white whiptail Aspidoscelis (inornata) gypsi VU [n 8][n 3] (split from A. inornata)
• Pai striped whiptail Aspidoscelis (inornata) pai LC [n 8][n 3] (split from A. inornata)
• Arizona striped whiptail Aspidoscelis (inornata) arizonae NT [n 8][n 3] (split from A. inornata)

• Plateau striped whiptail Aspidoscelis velox LC [n 7](triploid)

• Neaves’ whiptail Aspidoscelis neavesi [3][n 9][n 7]
• Laredo striped whiptail Aspidoscelis laredoensis LC [n 7]
• Marbled whiptail Aspidoscelis marmorata
• Giant whiptail Aspidoscelis motaguae * LC
• New Mexico whiptail Aspidoscelis neomexicana LC [n 7]
• Aspidoscelis tesselata complex:

• Common checkered whiptail Aspidoscelis tesselata LC [n 7](diploid,[3] former A. grahamii[2]) and:

• Gray checkered whiptail Aspidoscelis dixoni NT [2][n 3] (split from A. tesselata)

• Colorado checkered whiptail Aspidoscelis neotesselata NT [n 7](triploid, former A. tesselata[3])

• Plateau spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis scalaris LC
• Six-lined racerunner Aspidoscelis sexlineata LC
• Sonoran spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis sonorae LC [n 7]

• Gila spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis flagellicauda LC [n 7] (sometimes in A. sonorae[7])

• Tiger whiptail Aspidoscelis tigris LC
• Desert grassland whiptail Aspidoscelis uniparens LC [n 7]
• Rainbow whiptail Cnemidophorus lemniscatus *
• Argentine giant tegu Salvator merianae * LC
• Gold tegu Tupinambis teguixin * [3]

Family: Xantusiidae Night lizards

Night lizards

• Species split from the desert night lizard (Xantusia vigilis) LC:

• Desert night lizard Xantusia vigilis
• Arizona night lizard Xantusia arizonae LC
• Sierra night lizard Xantusia sierrae
• Wiggins' night lizard Xantusia wigginsi

• Bezy's night lizard Xantusia bezyi LC
• Sandstone night lizard Xantusia gracilis VU
• Granite night lizard Xantusia henshawi LC
• Island night lizard Xantusia riversiana LC T

Family: Varanidae Monitor lizards

Florida wormlizard Rhineura floridana

• Nile monitor Varanus niloticus *
• Savannah monitor Varanus exanthematicus * [7] LC[n 1]
• Common water monitor Varanus salvator * [7] LC[n 1]

Suborder: Amphisbaenia

Family: Rhineuridae North American worm lizards

Worm lizards

• Florida wormlizard Rhineura floridana LC

Suborder: Serpentes

Family: Typhlopidae Blind snakes

• Brahminy blindsnake Indotyphlops braminus * [n 7]

Family: Boidae Boas

Subfamily: Erycinae

Rubber and rosy boas

• Northern rubber boa Charina bottae LC
• Three-lined boa Lichanura trivirgata LC and:

• Rosy boa Lichanura orcutti (formerly in L. trivirgata)

Blind snakes

• Southern rubber boa Charina umbratica

Subfamily: Boinae

Boas

• Boa constrictor Boa constrictor *

Family: Colubridae Colubrids

Subfamily: Colubrinae

Racers

• North American racer Coluber constrictor LC

Whipsnakes

• Sonoran whipsnake Coluber bilineatus LC
• Coachwhip Coluber flagellum LC and:

• Baja California coachwhip Coluber fuliginosus (formerly in C. flagellum)

• Striped racer Coluber lateralis LC (Alameda striped racer C. l. euryxanthus: T)
• Striped Whipsnake Coluber taeniatus LC and:

• Schott’s whipsnake Coluber schotti LC (formerly in C. taeniatus)

Desert rat snakes

• Baja California ratsnake Bogertophis rosaliae LC
• Trans-Pecos ratsnake Bogertophis subocularis LC

Rat snakes and fox snakes

Eastern ratsnake
Pantherophis alleghaniensis

• Species split from the Texas ratsnake (Pantherophis obsoletus) LC:

• Western ratsnake Pantherophis obsoletus
• Eastern ratsnake Pantherophis alleghaniensis
• Gray ratsnake Pantherophis spiloides

• Baird's ratsnake Pantherophis bairdi LC
• Great Plains ratsnake Pantherophis emoryi LC
• Species split from the western foxsnake (Pantherophis vulpinus) LC

• Eastern foxsnake Pantherophis vulpinus including:

• Eastern fox snake Pantherophis (vulpinus) gloydi NT [2][n 3] (currently not recognized)

• Western fox snake Pantherophis ramspotti

• Red cornsnake Pantherophis guttatus LC and:

• Slowinski's cornsnake Pantherophis slowinskii DD (formerly in P. guttatus)

Glossy snakes

Glossy snake Arizona elegans

• Glossy snake Arizona elegans LC

Scarlet snakes

• Scarlet snake Cemophora coccinea LC and:

• Texas scarletsnake Cemophora lineri [3][n 2] (formerly in C. coccinea)

Sand snakes

• Variable sandsnake Sonora straminea,[11][7] syn. Chilomeniscus stramineus[3] LC and:

• Banded sand snake Sonora cincta, syn. Chilomeniscus cinctus [11][7][n 3] (split back from Ch. stramineus)

Ground snake

• Variable Groundsnake Sonora semiannulata[11][7][3] and:

• Southern Texas groundsnake Sonora (semiannulata) taylori[11][7][n 4][n 3] (split from the western groundsnake S. semiannulata)

• Groundsnake Sonora episcopa[11][7][n 3]

Shovel-nosed snakes

• Mohave shovel-nosed snake Sonora occipitalis,[11][7] syn. Chionactis occipitalis[3] LC and:

• Resplendent desert shovel-nosed snake Sonora annulata,[11][7] syn. Chionactis annulata[3] [n 2] (formerly in Ch. occipitalis[3])

• Sonoran shovel-nosed snake Sonora palarostris,[11][7] syn. Chionactis palarostris[3] LC

Indigo snakes

• Eastern indigo snake Drymarchon couperi LC T
• Gulf coast indigo snake Drymarchon kolpobasileus[3]
• Central American indigo snake Drymarchon melanurus LC

Speckled racers

• Speckled racer Drymobius margaritiferus

Mexican hognose snakes

• Tamaulipan hook-nosed snake Ficimia streckeri LC

Plateau hooknose snakes

• Chihuahuan hook-nosed snake Gyalopion canum LC
• Thornscrub hook-nosed snake Gyalopion quadrangulare LC

Night snakes

• Gray-banded kingsnake Lampropeltis alterna LC
• Species split from the yellow-bellied kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster) LC:

• Prairie kingsnake Lampropeltis calligaster
• South Florida mole kingsnake Lampropeltis occipitolineata [3][n 2]
• Northern mole kingsnake Lampropeltis rhombomaculata [3][n 2]

Short-tailed snake

• Short-tailed kingsnake Lampropeltis extenuata NT

Kingsnakes

• Species split from the common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula) LC:

• Eastern kingsnake Lampropeltis getula [3][n 2]
• California Kingsnake Lampropeltis californiae [3][n 2]
• Speckled kingsnake Lampropeltis holbrooki [3][n 2]
• Eastern black kingsnake Lampropeltis nigra [3][n 2]
• Desert kingsnake Lampropeltis splendida [3][n 2]
• Florida kingsnake Lampropeltis floridana [3][n 2]
• Apalachicola kingsnake Lampropeltis meansi [3][n 2]
• Western black kingsnake Lampropeltis nigrita [3][n 2]

• Arizona mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis pyromelana LC and:

• Madrean Mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis (pyromelana) knoblochi (formerly in the Sonoran mountain kingsnake L. pyromelana)

• Species split from the milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum):

• Eastern milksnake Lampropeltis triangulum [3]
• Scarlet kingsnake Lampropeltis elapsoides [3][n 2]
• Mexican milksnake Lampropeltis (triangulum) annulata [3][n 2]
• Western milksnake Lampropeltis gentilis [3][n 2]

• California mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis zonata LC and:

• Coast mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis (zonata) multifasciata [3][n 2] (formerly in L. zonata)

Rough green snake

Rough Greensnake Opheodrys aestivus

• Rough greensnake Opheodrys aestivus LC

Smooth green snake

• Smooth greensnake Opheodrys vernalis LC

Neotropical vine snakes

• Brown vinesnake Oxybelis aeneus

Leaf-nosed snakes

• Saddled leaf-nosed snake Phyllorhynchus browni LC
• Spotted leaf-nosed snake Phyllorhynchus decurtatus LC

Bull, gopher, and pine snakes

• Gopher snake Pituophis catenifer LC
• Pinesnake Pituophis melanoleucus LC
• Louisiana pine snake Pituophis ruthveni EN

Pine wood snake

• Pine Woods littersnake Rhadinaea flavilata LC

Long-nosed snake

• Long-nosed snake Rhinocheilus lecontei LC

Patch-nosed snakes

• Eastern patch-nosed snake Salvadora grahamiae LC
• Western patch-nosed snake Salvadora hexalepis LC and:

• Big Bend patch-nosed snake Salvadora (hexalepis) deserticola [7][n 4][n 3] (split from S. hexalepis)

Mountain ratsnake

• Green ratsnake Senticolis triaspis LC

Black-headed, flat-headed, and crowned snakes

• Mexican black-headed snake Tantilla atriceps LC
• Southeastern crowned snake Tantilla coronata LC
• Trans-Pecos black-headed snake Tantilla cucullata LC (formerly in T. rubra)
• Flat-headed snake Tantilla gracilis LC
• Smith's black-headed snake Tantilla hobartsmithi LC
• Plains black-headed snake Tantilla nigriceps LC
• Rim rock crowned snake Tantilla oolitica EN
• Western black-headed snake Tantilla planiceps LC
• Florida crowned snake Tantilla relicta LC
• Chihuahuan black-headed snake Tantilla wilcoxi LC
• Yaqui black-headed snake Tantilla yaquia LC

Lyre snakes

• Sonoran lyresnake Trimorphodon lambda
• California lyresnake Trimorphodon lyrophanes
• Texas lyresnake Trimorphodon vilkinsonii LC (formerly in T. biscutatus)

Subfamily: Natricinae

Shovel-nosed snakes

• Kirtland’s snake Clonophis kirtlandii NT

Water snakes

Saltmarsh watersnake Nerodia clarkii

• Saltmarsh snake Nerodia clarkii LC:
  • Gulf saltmarsh watersnake N. c. clarkii
  • Mangrove saltmarsh watersnake N. c. compressicauda
  • Atlantic saltmarsh watersnake N. c. taeniata : T
• Mississippi green watersnake Nerodia cyclopion LC
• Plain-bellied watersnake Nerodia erythrogaster LC
  (Copper-bellied watersnake N. e. neglecta: T)

• Southern watersnake Nerodia fasciata LC:
  • Broad-banded watersnake N. f. confluens
  • Banded watersnake N. f. fasciata
  • Florida watersnake N. f. pictiventris
• Florida green watersnake Nerodia floridana LC
• Brazos River watersnake Nerodia harteri NT
• Concho watersnake Nerodia paucimaculata NT
• Diamond-backed watersnake Nerodia rhombifer LC
• Common watersnake Nerodia sipedon LC
• Brown watersnake Nerodia taxispilota LC

Crayfish snakes

• Graham’s crayfish snake Regina grahamii LC
• Queensnake Regina septemvittata LC

Swampsnakes

• Striped swampsnake Liodytes alleni LC
• Glossy swampsnake Liodytes rigida LC
• Black swampsnake Liodytes pygaea LC

Brown snakes

• Dekay's brown snake Storeria dekayi LC and:

• Florida brown snake Storeria victa [n 2] (formerly in S. dekayi)

• Red-bellied snake Storeria occipitomaculata LC

Garter snakes

• Aquatic gartersnake Thamnophis atratus LC
• Short-headed gartersnake Thamnophis brachystoma LC
• Butler's gartersnake Thamnophis butleri LC
• Sierra gartersnake Thamnophis couchii LC
• Black-necked gartersnake Thamnophis cyrtopsis LC
• Terrestrial gartersnake Thamnophis elegans LC
• Mexican gartersnake Thamnophis eques LC
• Giant gartersnake Thamnophis gigas VU T
• Two-striped gartersnake Thamnophis hammondii LC
• Checkered gartersnake Thamnophis marcianus LC
• Northwestern gartersnake Thamnophis ordinoides LC
• Western ribbonsnake Thamnophis proximus LC
• Plains gartersnake Thamnophis radix LC
• Narrow-headed gartersnake Thamnophis rufipunctatus LC
• Eastern ribbonsnake Thamnophis saurita LC
• Common gartersnake Thamnophis sirtalis LC (San Francisco Gartersnake T. s. tetrataenia: E)

Lined snake

• Lined snake Tropidoclonion lineatum LC

Earth snakes

• Rough earthsnake Haldea striatula LC
• Smooth earthsnake Virginia valeriae LC

Subfamily: Dipsadinae

Sharp-tailed snakes

• Forest sharp-tailed snake
• Common sharp-tailed snake Contia tenuis LC

Night snakes

• Species split from the night snake (Hypsiglena torquata) LC:

• Desert nightsnake Hypsiglena chlorophaea
• Chihuahuan nightsnake Hypsiglena jani
• Coast nightsnake Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha

Cat-eyed snakes

• Northern cat-eyed snake Leptodeira septentrionalis

Subfamily: Xenodontinae

Worm snakes

• Common wormsnake Carphophis amoenus LC
• Western wormsnake Carphophis vermis LC

Black-striped snake

• Regal black-striped snake Coniophanes imperialis LC

Ringneck snake

• Ring-necked snake Diadophis punctatus LC

Mud snake and rainbow snake

• Red-bellied mudsnake Farancia abacura LC
• Rainbow snake Farancia erytrogramma LC

Hog-nosed snakes

• Species split from the western hog-nosed snake (Heterodon nasicus) LC:

• Plains hog-nosed snake Heterodon nasicus [n 2]
• Dusty hog-nosed snake Heterodon gloydi [n 2]
• Mexican hog-nosed snake Heterodon kennerlyi [n 2]

• Eastern hog-nosed snake Heterodon platirhinos LC
• Southern hog-nosed snake Heterodon simus VU

Family: Viperidae

Copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix
camouflaged in dead leaves

Cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus

Western diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus atrox

Texas threadsnake Rena dulcis

Subfamily: Crotalinae

Copperhead and cottonmouth

• Eastern copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix LC and:

• Broad-banded copperhead Agkistrodon laticinctus (formerly in A. contortrix)[3]

• Northern cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus LC and:

• Florida cottonmouth Agkistrodon conanti (formerly in A. piscivorus)[3]

Rattlesnakes

• Eastern diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus LC
• Western diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus atrox LC
• Sidewinder Crotalus cerastes LC
• Timber rattlesnake Crotalus horridus LC
• Rock rattlesnake Crotalus lepidus LC
• Species split from the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii):

• Panamint rattlesnake Crotalus stephensi [n 2]
• Southwestern speckled rattlesnake Crotalus pyrrhus[3][7][n 2]

• Species split from the black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus) LC:[3]

• Western Black-tailed rattlesnake Crotalus molossus
• Eastern Black-tailed rattlesnake Crotalus ornatus

• Species split from the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) LC:

• Prairie rattlesnake Crotalus viridis
• Arizona black rattlesnake Crotalus cerberus
• Species split from the western rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) LC:

• Northern Pacific rattlesnake Crotalus (oreganus) oreganus [n 4]
• Great Basin rattlesnake Crotalus lutosus[7][n 3]
• Midget faded rattlesnake Crotalus (oreganus) concolor[7][n 4][n 3]
• Southern Pacific rattlesnake Crotalus (oreganus) helleri[7][n 4][n 3]

• Twin-spotted rattlesnake Crotalus pricei LC
• Red diamond rattlesnake Crotalus ruber LC
• Mohave rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus LC
• Tiger rattlesnake Crotalus tigris LC
• Ridge-nosed rattlesnake Crotalus willardi LC
  (New Mexico Ridgenosed Rattlesnake C. w. obscurus': T)

Pigmy rattlesnakes

• Eastern massasauga Sistrurus catenatus LC and:

• Western massasauga Sistrurus tergeminus [3][n 2] (formerly in the massasauga S. catenatus)

• Pygmy rattlesnake Sistrurus miliarius LC

Family: Elapidae

Western coral snake

• Sonoran coral snake Micruroides euryxanthus LC

Eastern coral snake

• Harlequin coral snake Micrurus fulvius LC
• Texas coral snake Micrurus tener LC

Subfamily: Hydrophiinae

Pelagic sea snake

• Yellow-bellied seasnake Hydrophis platurus LC

Family: Leptotyphlopidae Slender blind snakes

Blind snakes

• Texas threadsnake Rena dulcis LC and:

• New Mexico threadsnake Rena dissecta LC (formerly in R. dulcis)

• Western threadsnake Rena humilis LC and:

• Trans-Pecos blind threadsnake Rena (humilis) segrega [7][n 4][n 3] (split from R. humilis)

Family: Acrochordidae File snakes

• Javanese file snake Acrochordus javanicus * LC

Family: Pythonidae Pythons

• Burmese python Python bivittatus * [3] (P. (molurus) bivittatus: VU, introduced to Florida[12])
• Northern African rock python Python sebae * [3]