List of southernmost items
The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.
Cities and settlements
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Capital (of an independent nation) | Wellington, New Zealand | 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E |
Permanent settlement of any size | Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica | 90°S 0°E |
Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people[1] | McMurdo Station, Antarctica | 77°51′S 166°40′E |
Town > 1,000 people | Puerto Williams, Chile | 54°56′S 67°37′W |
City > 50,000 people | Ushuaia, Argentina | 54°48′S 68°18′W |
City > 100,000 people | Punta Arenas, Chile | 53°10′S 70°56′W |
City > 250,000 people | Wellington, New Zealand | 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E |
City > 500,000 people | Mar del Plata, Argentina | 38°00′S 57°33′W |
Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people | Melbourne, Australia | 37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E |
Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 34°36′12″S 58°22′54″W |
Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people | São Paulo, Brazil | 23°33′06″S 46°38′01″W |
Geography
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Body of water (navigable) | Bay of Whales, Ross Sea | 78°30′S 164°20′W |
Land | the Geographic South Pole, Antarctica | 90°00′S 00°00′W |
Land (excluding Antarctica) | Thule Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | 59°31′50″S 27°23′50″W |
Islands
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Any island (above sea level) | Deverall Island | 81°28′S 161°54′E |
Any island (with bare rock, not ice-covered) | Ross Island | 77°50′S 166°40′E |
Any size excluding Antarctica | Thule Island | 59°27′S 27°18′W |
Island > 10,000 km2 excluding Antarctica | Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina/Chile | 55°02′S 56°27′W |
Island > 100,000 km2 | South Island, New Zealand | 46°40′S 169°00′E |
Coral atoll | Elizabeth Reef, Australia | 29°57′S 159°4′E |
Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.
Nature
Animals
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Bird: South polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) | seen at the South Pole[2] | 90°00′S 00°00′W |
Amphibian: Gray four-eyed frog (Pleurodema bufoninum) | Southern tip of South America[3] | 53°54′S 71°18′W |
Mammal: Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) | Southern Ocean[4][5] | 80th parallel south |
Reptile: Liolaemus magellanicus and Liolaemus sarmientoi | Santa Cruz Province, Argentina[4][5] | 52.382367°S 68.409956°W |
Insect: Antarctic midge (Belgica antarctica) | Refuge Islands[6][7] | 68°21′S 67°10′W |
Fish: Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Gymnoscopelus braueri, Electrona antarctica | Ross Sea[8] | 75th parallel south |
Plants
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Flowering plants (in greenhouses) | Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica[9] | 90°00′S 139°16′W |
Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring) | Terra Firma Islands, Antarctica[10] | 68°42′S 67°32′W |
Trees (naturally occurring) | Hornos Island, Chile[11] | 55°58′S 67°15′W |
Palms (nikau (Rhopalostylis sapida), naturally occurring) | Chatham Islands, New Zealand[12] | 44°02′S 176°26′W |
Education
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
International Baccalaureate school | John McGlashan College, Dunedin, New Zealand [13] | 45°51′17″S 170°29′55″E |
University | National University of Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina[14] | 54°48′57″S 68°19′04″W |
Kindergarten | Puerto Williams,[15] Chile | 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W |
Secondary school | Puerto Williams, Chile[16] | 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W |
Primary school | Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín", Esperanza Base, Antarctica[17] | 63°24′S 57°00′W |
Science and technology
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Astronomical observatory | South Pole Telescope, Antarctica | 90°S 0°E |
Permanent scientific research station |
Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica | 90°S 0°E |
Planetarium | Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand[18] | 45.865678°S 170.510471°E |
Nuclear power plant | Atucha I, Argentina[19] | 33°58′S 59°12′W |
Atucha II, Argentina | 33°58′S 59°12′W |
Historical sites and archaeological findings
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Prehistoric archaeological site | Yaghan people's Bahía Wulaia Dome Mittens,[20] Chile. | 55.04755°S 68.14835°W |
Transportation
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights) | Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica | 89°59′22″S 1°0′0″W |
Seaport/Harbour | Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica[21] | 77°51′S 166°40′E |
Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights) | Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport, Puerto Williams, Chile | 54°56′S 67°37′W |
International airport | Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport, Ushuaia, Argentina | 54°50′S 068°17′W |
Metro station | Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón in Buenos Aires, Argentina | 34°38′34.9″S 58°27′41.8″W |
Railway | Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina[22] | 54°48′S 68°18′W |
Suspension bridge | Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge, Falkland Islands [23] | 51.853912°S 59.017825°E |
Underground station | Parliament railway station, Melbourne | 37°48′41″S 144°58′23″E |
Recreation
Sport
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Bowling club | Stewart Island Bowling Club, Oban, New Zealand[24] | 46.899224°S 168.128746°E |
Ski resort | Cerro Castor, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[25] | 54°43′S 68°00′W |
Golf club | Ushuaia Golf Club, Ushuaia, Argentina[26] | 54.831183°S 68.417283°E |
Religious buildings
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Church (ice-made) | Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows, Belgrano II Base, Antarctica[27][28] | 77°52′S 34°37′W |
Church (regular) | Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church), King George Island, Antarctica[29] | 62°12′S 58°58′W |
Mormon church | Puerto Williams, Chile[30] | 54°56′S 67°37′W |
Cathedral | El Sagrado Corazón, Roman Catholic Diocese of Punta Arenas, Punta Arenas, Chile[31] | 53°10′S 70°56′W |
Hindu temple | Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas, Chile[32] | 53°10′S 70°56′W |
Mosque | Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill, New Zealand[33] | 46°24′S 168°23′E |
Synagogue | Dunedin Synagogue, Dunedin, New Zealand[34][35] | 45°52′S 170°30′E |
Buddhist stupa | the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand[36] | 45°51′S 170°39′E |
Sikh Gurdwara | New Zealand Sikh Society (Wellington), Lower Hutt, New Zealand[37] | 41°12′S 174°57′E |
Shops and service facilities
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Tourist office | Puerto Williams,[38] Chile | 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W |
Restaurant | Lodge Lakutaia,[39]Puerto Williams, Chile | 54.936789°S 67.613039°W |
Cinema | Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula | 62°14′S 58°40′W |
Public post office | Port Lockroy, Goudier Island, Antarctica[40] | 64°49′S 63°30′W |
Bar | Faraday Bar,[41] Vernadsky Research Base, Antarctica | 65.245747°S 64.257391°W |
Automated teller machine | McMurdo Station, Antarctica[42] | 77°51′S 166°40′E |
International brand names
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Mobil gas station | Invercargill, New Zealand | 46°25′46″S 168°21′42″E [43] |
H&M | Christchurch, New Zealand | 43°32′00″S 172°38′16″E [44] |
Shell gas station | Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia | 43°00′00″S 147°19′13″E [45] |
7-Eleven | Rosebud, Victoria, Australia | 38°21′25″S 144°54′04″E [46] |
ECCO | Moorabbin, Melbourne, Australia | 37°58′15″S 145°05′21″E [47] |
IKEA | Springvale, Melbourne, Australia | 37°55′36″S 145°08′36″E |
Franchised food brands
Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
National park | Cabo de Hornos National Park, Tierra Del Fuego, Chile | 55°49′58″S 67°25′58″W |
Penguin reserve | Magdalena Island Penguin Reserve, Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Chile[52] | 52°55′S 70°35′W |
Aviary | Dunedin Aviary, Dunedin, New Zealand | 45°51′29″S 170°31′20″E |
Botanical garden | Dunedin Botanical Gardens, Dunedin, New Zealand | 45°51′23″S 170°31′04″E |
Other
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
UNESCO world heritage site (natural) | French Austral Land and Seas[53] | 90°00′S 45°00′E (southernmost Point) |
UNESCO world heritage site (cultural) | Cueva de las Manos, Argentina[54] | 47°9′S 70°40′W |
Opera house | Opera House, Wellington, New Zealand | 41.2915°S 174.7778°E |
Vineyard | Experimental vineyard of Undurraga in Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria, Chile Chico, Chile[55] | 46°32′0.41″S 71°41′16.46″W |
Brewery | Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia, Argentina[56] | 54.789983°S 68.265745°W |
Lighthouse | Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island, Chile[57] | 55°57′54″S 67°13′12″W |
Bell tower | First Church of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand[58] | 45.8760°S 170.5047°E |
Place of birth of a human | (Emilio Marcos Palma (in 1978) and seven others) Esperanza Base, Antarctica[59] | 63°24′S 57°00′W |
Cemetery | Buromskiy Island [60] | 66°32′S 93°0′E |
Mine | Mina Invierno, Riesco Island, Chile[61] | 52°52′11.92″S 71°37′31.13″W |
See also
References
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- Fairbanks, Mailing Address: 101 Dunkel St Suite 110; Us, AK 99701 Phone: 907459-3730 Contact. "Amphibians 101 - Gates Of The Arctic National Park & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov.
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- Routti, Heli; Krafft, Bjørn A.; Herzke, Dorte; Eisert, Regina; Oftedal, Olav (February 1, 2015). "Perfluoroalkyl substances detected in the world's southernmost marine mammal, the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)". Environmental Pollution. 197: 62–67. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.026. PMID 25497307.
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271714668_Stress_tolerance_in_a_polyextremophile_The_southernmost_insect
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- http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/508228/1/Atlas_Chap.7-Duhamel_et_al_2014-F.pdf
- UA, Tempe company bring veggies to South Pole
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- : : Dirección de Bienestar de la Armada de Chile : :
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Winter Quarters Bay is the world's southernmost port.
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- At the imposing Patagonian geography, the perfect combination of challenge and contemplation.
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- Mass at ice church in Belgrano II Base
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...This makes the Trinity Church the southernmost Russian Orthodox church on the planet.
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- "The world's southernmost mines | MINING.com". MINING.com. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
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