List of state leaders in 1653
Africa
- Kingdom of Dahomey – Houegbadja (1645–1685)
- Ethiopian Empire – Fasilides (1632–1667)
Asia
- Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) – Prasat Thong (1629–1656)
- China
- Qing dynasty – Shunzhi Emperor (1644–1661)
- Southern Ming –
- Prince of Lu (1645–1653)
- Prince of Gui (1646–1662)
- Kingdom of Coorg - Muddu Raja I (1633-1687)
- Empire of Japan –
- Monarch – Go-Kōmyō (1643–1654)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ietsuna (1651–1680)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Shitsu (1648–1668)
- Joseon (Korea) – Hyojong (1649–1659)
Europe
- Kingdom of England
- - Rump Parliament (1649–1653)
- - Barebone's Parliament, 1653–1653
- - Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the First Protectorate Parliament of the Commonwealth (December 1653 – 1658)
- Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Mehmed IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
- Duchy of Parma – Ranuccio II (1646–1694)
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Jan II Kazimierz Vasa (1648–1668)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – John IV (1640–1656)
- Duchy of Savoy – Charles Emmanuel II (1638–1675)
- Kingdom of Sweden – Christina (1632–1654)
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinando II de' Medici (1621–1670)
- Tsardom of Russia – Alexis I (1645–1676)
- United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Grand Pensionary of Holland -
- Adriaan Pauw (1631–1636, 1651–1653)
- Johan de Witt (1653–1672)
Middle East and North Africa
- Baban – Faqi Ahmad (1649–1670)
- Sultanate of Oman – Sultan I bin Saif (1649–1688)
- Mecca – Zeid bin Muhsin, Sharif of Mecca (1631–1666)
- Sultanate of Morocco – Mohammed esh Sheikh es Seghir (1636–1655)
- Persia – Abbas II, Shah of Persia (1642–1666)
- Yemen – Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il, Imam of Yemen (1644–1676)
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