List of state leaders in 1659

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1659.

Africa

Kingdom of Bamum – Ngouloure (1629–1672)
Kingdom of Dahomey – Houegbadja (1645–1685)
Ethiopian Empire – Fasilides (1632–1667)

Asia

Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) – Narai (1656–1688)
China
- Qing dynasty – Shunzhi Emperor (1644–1661)
- Southern Ming – Prince of Gui (1646–1662)
Kingdom of Coorg - Muddu Raja I (1633-1687)
Empire of Japan –
- Monarch – Go-Sai (1655–1663)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ietsuna (1651–1680)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Shitsu (1648–1668)
Joseon (Korea) –
1. Hyojong (1649–1659)
2. Hyeonjong (1659–1674)
Mughal Empire – Aurangzeb (1658–1707)

Europe

Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Frederick III (1648–1670)
Commonwealth of England – Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1658–1659)
Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
Holy Roman Empire – Leopold I (1658–1705)
Moldavia –
1. George Gica, Voivode of Moldavia (1658–1659)
2. Constantin Șerban, Voivode of Moldavia (1659)
3. Ştefăniţă Lupu, Voivode of Moldavia (1659–1661)
Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan- Mehmed IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
- Grand Vizier - Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (1656–1661)
Papal States – Pope Alexander VII (1655–1667)
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Jan II Kazimierz Vasa (1648–1668)
Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves –
- Monarch – Afonso VI (1656–1683)
- Regent – Luisa de Guzmán (1656–1662)
Republic of Venice –
1. Giovanni Pesaro, Doge of Venice (1658–1659)
2. Domenico Contarini, Doge of Venice (1659–1674)
Tsardom of Russia – Aleksey I (1645–1676)
Duchy of Savoy – Charles Emmanuel II (1638–1675)
Scotland – Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1658–1659)
Kingdom of Spain – Philip IV (1621–1665)
Kingdom of Sweden – Charles X Gustav (1654–1660)
Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinando II de' Medici (1621–1670)
United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan de Witt (1653–1672)
  - Willem Frederik, Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen (1640–1664)
Wallachia –
1. Mihnea III, Voivode of Wallachia (1658–1659)
2. George Ghica, Voivode of Wallachia (1659–1660)

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